Rangoon

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Author: Laxman Burdak IFS (R)

Rangoon (रंगून), know known as Yangon, lit. "End of Strife", is the capital of the Yangon Region of Myanmar, also known as Burma. Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the capital to the purpose-built city of Naypyidaw in central Myanmar.[1]

Variants

  • Pushkara (पुष्कर) = ब्रह्मदेश (बर्मा) का प्राचीन भारतीय नाम (AS, p.570) - बर्मा या ब्रह्म-देश का एक प्राचीन भारतीय नगर, संभवतः रंगून, जिसका नाम भारत के प्रसिद्ध तीर्थ पुष्कर के नाम पर रखा गया प्रतीत होता है. ब्रह्मदेश में अति प्राचीन काल से मध्ययुग तक भारतीय औपनिवेशिकों ने अनेक नगरों को बसाया था तथा इस देश के अधिकांश भाग में उनके राजवंशों का राज्य रहा था.[2]
  • Pushkaravati पुष्करवती = Rangoon रंगून, बर्मा, का प्राचीन भारतीय नाम, (AS, p.571)
  • Yangon
  • Burmese: ရန်ကုန်မြို့, MLCTS rankun mrui, pronounced [jàɴɡòʊɴ mjo̰]
  • Dagon

Etymology

The name "Yangon" (ရန်ကုန်) is derived from the combination of the Burmese words yan (ရန်) and koun (ကုန်), which mean "enemies" and "run out of", respectively. This word combination is commonly translated as "End of Strife".

The city's colonial era name, "Rangoon", likely is derived from the Anglicization of the Arakanese pronunciation of "Yangon", which is [rɔ̀ɴɡʊ́ɴ].

History

Early history: Yangon was founded as Dagon in the early 11th century (c. 1028–1043) by the Mon, who dominated Lower Burma at that time.[3] Dagon was a small fishing village centred about the Shwedagon Pagoda.

In 1755, King Alaungpaya conquered Dagon, renamed it "Yangon", and added settlements around Dagon.

The British captured Yangon during the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26), but returned it to Burmese administration after the war. The city was destroyed by a fire in 1841.[4]

Indian Origin Places in Burma

Dineschandra Sircar[5] writes.... Some important old Indian names found in Burma are Aparanta, Avanti, Varanasi, Champanagara, Dvaravati, Gandhara, Kamboja, Kailasha, Kusumapura, Mithila, Pushkara, Pushkaravati, Rajagriha, etc. and the names Sankashya (Tagaung on the Upper Irawadi), Utkala (from Rangoon to Pegu) and Vaishali (modern Vethali in the Akyub district also fall in the same category.[6] The name of the well-known river Irawadi reminds us of Iravati (modern Ravi River), one of the famous tributaries of the Indus.


Dineschandra Sircar[7] writes.... Among Sanskrit-Pali names in Burma, mention may be made of Golanagara or Golamrittikanagara (modern Ayetthema, 20 miles north of Thaton, Gola being supposed to stand for Gauda[8] Kalasapura (to the south eat of Prome near the mouth of Sittang,[9] Ramapura (Moulmein), Ramanyadesha (Lowe Burma)[10] and Shri (Bhamo or Tagaung).[11]. The principalities of Pushkaravati, Trihakumbha, Asitanjana and Ramyanagara were situated in the region of Rangoon, Ramavati and Dhanyavati (modern Rakhaingmyu being situated in Arakan[12] The city of Shrikshetra has been located at Hmawza near Prome. Sudharmapura is modern Thaton and the city of Arimardanapura is Pagan situated in the land of Tattadesha and the kingdom of Tamradvipa [13]

उत्कल

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[14] ने लेख किया है ...2. उत्कल (AS, p.89): उत्कल ब्रह्मदेश (बर्मा अब म्यांमार) में रंगून (अब यांगून) से लेकर पीगू तक के औपनिवेशिक प्रदेश को उत्कल कहते थे। यहाँ भारत के उत्कल देश के निवासियों ने आकर अनेक बस्तियाँ बसाई थीं। किवदंती है कि तपुस और भल्लूक नामक दो व्यापारी, जिन्होंने भारत जाकर गौतम बुद्ध से भेंट की थी तथा जो उनके शिष्य बनकर तथागत के आठ केशों को लेकर ब्रह्मदेश आए थे, इसी प्रदेश के निवासी थे।

References

  1. "Burma's new capital stages parade". BBC News. 27 March 2006.
  2. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.570
  3. Founded during the reign of King Pontarika, per Charles James Forbes Smith-Forbes (1882). Legendary History of Burma and Arakan. The Government Press. p. 20.; the king's reign was 1028 to 1043 per Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. p. 368.
  4. Kyaw Kyaw (2006). Frauke Krass; Hartmut Gaese; Mi Mi Kyi, eds. Megacity yangon: transformation processes and modern developments. Berlin: Lit Verlag. pp. 333–334. ISBN 978-3-8258-0042-0.
  5. Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India, By Dineschandra Sircar, p.319
  6. R.C. Majumdar, Hindu Colonies in the Far East,1944,p.216
  7. Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India, By Dineschandra Sircar, p.319
  8. ibid.,p.195
  9. ibid.,p.197
  10. ibid.,p.196
  11. ibid.,p.200
  12. Coedes, The Indianised States in South-East Asia,p.329,cf p.156, RC Majumdar,opcit,p.202
  13. RC Majumdar,opcit,p.207
  14. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.89