Raipur Chhatisgarh

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Author: Laxman Burdak IFS (R)
Map of Raipur district

Raipur (रायपुर) is a city, a district and capital of Chhattisgarh. It was formerly a part of Madhya Pradesh before the state of Chhattisgarh was formed on 1 November 2000. Author (Laxman Burdak) visited it on 04-05.09.1987, 23-24.04.1988.

Variants

Location

It occupies the south eastern part of the upper Mahanadi River valley and the bordering hills in the south and the east. Thus, the district is divided into two major physical divisions: the Chhattisgarh plains and the hilly areas.

To the north is Bilaspur District. To the south is Dhamtari District and Gariaband District. To the east is Mahasamund District and to the west is Durg District. The Mahanadi River is the principal river of this district.

Jat Gotras Namesake

  • Gauta (Jat clan) = Geyati (गेयाति), a Kalachuri ruler in Raipur Chhatisgarh, mentioned in 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)'. ... The pedigree of Hâjirâja (L.19,20) son Brahmadeva commences in verse 13 (L.18). Hâjirâja seems to have had two sons, Padmanabha (पद्मनाभ) (L.21) and Pahideva (पाहिदेव) (L.22). The former's son was Kanhada (कान्हड़) (L.21) and the latter's, Sivasharman (शिवशर्मन) . Two brothers of Hâjirâja are also named in verses 20 and 21. The elder of them was named Supau(सुपौ) (L.23) and the younger Geyati (गेयाति) (L.24). The former of these had two sons, Golha (गोल्ह) (L.23) and Vishnudâsa. The inscription finally mentions the artisan Nâmadêva (नामदेव).
  • Golia (Jat clan) = Golha (गोल्ह), a Kalachuri ruler in Raipur Chhatisgarh, mentioned in 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)'. ... The pedigree of Hâjirâja (L.19,20) son Brahmadeva commences in verse 13 (L.18). Hâjirâja seems to have had two sons, Padmanabha (पद्मनाभ) (L.21) and Pahideva (पाहिदेव) (L.22). The former's son was Kanhada (कान्हड़) (L.21) and the latter's, Sivasharman (शिवशर्मन) . Two brothers of Hâjirâja are also named in verses 20 and 21. The elder of them was named Supau(सुपौ) (L.23) and the younger Geyâti (गेयाति) (L.24). The former of these had two sons, Golha (गोल्ह) (L.23) and Vishnudâsa. The inscription finally mentions the artisan Nâmadêva (नामदेव).
  • Hajrah (Jat clan) = Hajiraja, a chieftain of ruler Brahmadeva of Kalachuri Dynasty. 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)' mentions that Nayaka Hajirajadeva (नायक हाजिराज) constructed a temple of Hatakeshvara (हाटकेश्वर) (Shiva) at Rayapura. (L.11,V.9). The pedigree of Hâjirâja (L.19,20) commences in verse 13 (L.18). It seems from that verse that his father also was named Brahmadeva. [2]
  • Pahil (Jat clan) = Pahideva (पाहिदेव), a Kalachuri ruler in Raipur Chhatisgarh, mentioned in 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)'. ... The pedigree of Hâjirâja (L.19,20) son Brahmadeva commences in verse 13 (L.18). Hâjirâja seems to have had two sons, Padmanabha (पद्मनाभ) (L.21) and Pahideva (पाहिदेव) (L.22). The former's son was Kanhada (कान्हड़) (L.21) and the latter's, Sivasharman (शिवशर्मन) . Two brothers of Hâjirâja are also named in verses 20 and 21. The elder of them was named Supau(सुपौ) (L.23) and the younger Geyâti (गेयाति) (L.24). The former of these had two sons, Gôlha (गोल्ह) (L.23) and Vishnudâsa. The inscription finally mentions the artisan Nâmadêva (नामदेव).
  • Singa (Jat clan) = Singha, a Kalachuri ruler in Raipur Chhatisgarh, mentioned in 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)'. ...After a verse descriptive of Râyapura (रायपुर) (LL.12-13) we get a genealogy of the ruling king in verses 10-12. At Râyapura there reigned a great king, Lakshmideva (लक्ष्मीदेव) (L.13). His son was Singha (सिंघ) (L.13), who in turn had a son named Ramachandra (रामचंद्र).[3]

Tahsils in Raipur district

Raipur district is administratively divided into 4 Tehsils:

Villages in Raipur Tahsil

Akoli 1, Akoli 2, Ama Seoni, Bahesar 2, Bana 2, Banarsi, Baratnara, Barauda, Barbanda, Bendri, Bhaismuda, Bhatgaon 1, Bherawa, Bhurkoni, Boria Kalan, Boriakhurd, Borjhara, Charauda 1, Chhapora, Chikhali 2, Datrenga, Deopuri, Deori 2, Dhaneli 1 Dhaneli, Dhaneli 2, Dharampura, Dharsiva, Doma 1, Donde Kalan, Donde Khurd, Dumartarai, Dunda, Gidhauri, Giraud, Gomachi, Gordi, Guma 2, Hatband, Jarauda, Jora, Kachana, Kandul, Kanhera, Kapasada, Kara, Kathadih, Kukera, Kumhari 1, Kuthrel, Lalpur, Malaud, Mana, Mandhar, Mangasa, Manohara, Matiya, Mauhagaon, Mehar Sakha, Mohadi 1, Mujgahan, Munrethi 2, Murra, Nagargaon, Nakati, Neurdih, Nilja, Nimora 1, Pandar Bhattha, Parastarai, Parsulidih, Pathari, Patharidih, Pawani, Pirda 2, Raita, Sankara, Sankari 3, Saragaon, Sejbahar, Serikhedi, Siltara, Silyari Kurud, Sondra, Tanda, Taresar, Tarra 1, Tekari 2, Temri, Tendua 1, Tiwaraiya, Tore, Tulsi 2,

History

The earliest archaeological evidence from old sites and ruins of fort indicate the existence of Raipur since the 9th century. However, there are enough literary evidences which define the history of Raipur since the time of the Maurya Empire. Raipur district was once part of Southern Kosala and considered to be under the Maurya Empire. Raipur had later been the capital of the Haihaya Kings, controlling the traditional forts of Chhattisgarh for a long time. Satawahana Kings ruled this part till the 2nd-3rd century AD. Samudragupta had conquered this region in the fourth century, but the region came under the sway of Sarabhapura Kings and then Nala Kings in 5th and 6th centuries. Later on Somavanshi kings had taken the control over this region and ruled with Sirpur as their capital city. The Kalchuri Kings of Tumman ruled this part for a long time making Ratanpur as capital. It is believed that the King Ramachandra of this dynasty established the city of Raipur and subsequently made it the capital of his kingdom.[4]

Another story about Raipur is that King Ramachandra's son Brahmdeo Rai had established Raipur. His capital was Khalwatika (now Khallari). The newly constructed city was named after Brahmdeo Rai as ‘Raipur’. It was during his time in 1402 A.D. that the temple of Hatkeshwar Mahadev was constructed on the banks of the river Kharun which still remains one of the oldest landmarks in Raipur. After the death of king Amarsingh Deo, this region had become the domain of Bhonsle Kings of Nagpur. With the death of Raghuji the III, the territory was assumed by the British government from Bhonsle's and Chhattisgarh was declared a separate Commission with its headquarters at Raipur in 1854. After independence, Raipur district was included in the Central Provinces and Berar. Raipur district became a part of Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 1956 and subsequently became a part of Chhattisgarh on 1 November 2000 with Raipur becoming the capital of the new state.[5]

No. 4 Kuruspal Stone Inscription of Somesvaradeva[6] mentions certain contemporary kings, Most of these kings are mentioned here by the names of their countries or capitals, those quite clear being Uḍra, Lanji, Ratnapura, Lemṇa, Vengi, Bhadrapattana and Vajra..... Lemṇa may be Lavana, the eastern tract of the Raipur district.

Historical Villages in Raipur

रायपुर

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[7] ने लेख किया है ..... 1. रायपुर (p.794): रायपुर छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य की राजधानी है. रायपुर शहर छत्तीसगढ़ (प्राचीन दक्षिण कोसल) के क्षेत्र का मुख्य नगर है। इसकी स्थापना 14 वीं शताब्दी के अंतिम चरण में हुई थी। खलारी के कलचुरी नरेश राजा सिंहा ने प्रथम बार यहाँ अपनी राजधानी बनाई।

रायपुर में एक मध्ययुगीन दुर्ग भी है। जिसके अन्दर कई प्राचीन मन्दिर हैं। रायपुर का सर्वश्रेष्ठ मन्दिर दूधाधारी महाराज के नाम से प्रसिद्ध है। इसमें बहुत से भाग श्रीपुर या सिरपुर के कलावशेषों से निर्मित किए गए हैं। इनमें मुख्य पत्थर के स्तम्भ हैं, जिन पर हिन्दू देवी-देवताओं की अनेक मूर्तियाँ खुदी हुई हैं। मन्दिर के शिखर के निचले भाग में रामायण की कथा के कुछ सुन्दर दृश्य उत्कीर्ण हैं। जो अधिक प्राचीन नहीं हैं। प्रदक्षिणापथ के गवाक्ष में नृसिंहावतार की मूर्ति तथा अन्य मूर्तियाँ स्थापित हैं। ये सिरपुर से लाई गई थीं। ये उच्चकोटि की मूर्तिकला के उदाहरण हैं। इस मन्दिर तथा संलग्न मठ का निर्माण दूधाधारी महाराज के द्वारा भौंसले राजाओं के समय में किया गया था। इससे पहले छत्तीसगढ़ में तांत्रिक सम्प्रदाय का बहुत ज़ोर था। दूधाधारी महाराज ने प्रान्त की नवीन सांस्कृतिक चेतना के उदबोधन में प्रमुख भाग लिया और तांत्रिक सम्प्रदाय की भ्रष्ट परम्पराओं को वैष्णव मत की सुरुचि सम्पन्न मान्यताओं द्वारा परिष्कृत करने में महत्त्वपूर्ण योग दिया था। रायपुर से राजा महासौदेवराज का सरभपुर नामक ग्राम से प्रचलित किया गया एक ताम्रदानपट्ट प्राप्त हुआ है। जिसके अभिलेख से यह गुप्तकालीन सिद्ध होता है। इसमें सौदेवराज द्वारा पूर्वराष्ट्र में स्थित श्रीसाहिक नामक ग्राम को दो ब्राह्मणों को दान में दिए जाने का उल्लेख है।

2. जिला सुल्तानपुर उत्तर प्रदेश अमेठी के पास स्थित इस ग्राम में अनेक बौद्ध कालीन अवशेष प्राप्त हुए हैं.

कुशावती

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[8] ने लेख किया है ...1. कुशावती (AS, p.213): वाल्मीकि रामायण, उत्तरकाण्ड 108,4 से विदित होता है कि स्वर्गारोहण के पूर्व रामचंद्र जी ने अपने ज्येष्ठ पुत्र को कुशावती नगरी का राजा बनाया था-- 'कुशस्य नगरी रम्या विंध्यपर्वत रोधसि, कुशावतीति नाम्ना साकृता रामेण धीमता'. उत्तरकांड 107, 17 से यह भी सूचित होता है कि, 'कोसलेषु कुशं वीरमुत्तरेषु तथा लवम्' अर्थात रामचंद्र जी ने दक्षिण कौशल में कुश और उत्तर कौशल में लव का राज्याभिषेक किया था. कुशावती विंध्यपर्वत के अंचल में बसी हुई थी और दक्षिण कोसल या वर्तमान रायपुर (बिलासपुर क्षेत्र छत्तीसगढ़) में स्थित होगी. जैसा की उपयुक्त उत्तर कांड 108,4 सेवा से सूचित होता है

स्वयं रामचंद्र जी ने यह नगरी कुश के लिए बनाई थी. कालिदास ने भी रघुवंश 15,97 में कुश का, कुशावती का राजा बनाए जाने का उल्लेख किया है--'स निवेश कुशावत्यां रिपुनागांकुशं कुशम्'. रघुवंश सर्ग 16 से ज्ञात होता है कि कुश ने कुशावती में कुछ समय पर्यंत राज करने के पश्चात अयोध्या की इष्ट देवी के स्वप्न में आदेश देने के फलस्वरूप उजाड़ अयोध्या को पुनः बसाकर वहां अपनी राजधानी बनाई थी. कुशावती से ससैन्य अयोध्या आते समय कुश को विंध्याचल पार करना पड़ा था-- 'व्यलंङघयद्विन्ध्यमुपायनानि पश्यन्पुलिंदैरूपपादितानि' रघुवंश 16,32. विंध्य के पश्चात कुश की सेना ने गंगा को भी हाथियों के सेतु द्वारा पार किया था, 'तीर्थे तदीये गजसेतुबंधात्प्रतीपगामुत्तर-तोअस्य गंगाम, अयत्नबालव्यजनीबभूवुर्हंसानभोलंघनलोलपक्षा:...' रघुवंश 16,33 अर्थात जिस समय कुश, पश्चिम वाहिनी गंगा को गज सेतु द्वारा पार कर रहे थे, आकाश में उड़ते हुए चंचल पक्षों वाले हंसों की श्रेणियां उन (कुश) के [p.214]: ऊपर डोलती हुई चंवर के समान जान पड़ती थीं. यह स्थान जहां कुश ने गंगा को पार किया था चुनार (जिला मिर्जापुर उत्तर प्रदेश) के निकट हो सकता है क्योंकि इस स्थान पर वास्तव में गंगा एकाएक उत्तर पश्चिम की ओर मुड़ कर बहती है और काशी में पहुंचकर फिर से सीधी बहने लगती है.

Raipur Plate Of Prithvideva I : (Kalachuri) Year 821 (=1069 AD)

Inscriptions Of The Kalachuris Of Ratanpur
No 75 , Plate LXIII
Raipur Plate Of Prithvideva I : (Kalachuri) Year 821

Source - Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.398-401


[p.398] : This copper-plate was discovered somewhere in the Raipur District in Chhatisgarh Division of Madhya Pradesh in 1945. It was sent to the Government Epigraphist for India by the Hon Secretary, Mahâkântâra Historical Society, Raipur. I edit the inscription here from an excellent impression which I owe to kindness of the Government Epigraphist.

This is the last plate of its set which originally probably considered of two plates. The first plate is not forthcoming now.....A small triangular piece has been broken away from the upper right corner, but the aksharas so lost may be supplied from the corresponding portion of the Amôda plates.1....The characters are Nâgari..... The language is Sanskrit. ....The inscription refers to the reign of Prithvideva of Kalachuri dynasty. He is described in lines 4-6 as Mahamandaleshvara, the sole lord of 21000 (villages) and the ruler of the entire Koshaala Country. He was a devout worshipper of Maheshvara and believed that he had obtained his kingdom by the grace of the God Vankesvara. The description, which is identical with that in lines 23-25 of Amoda Plates, plainly shows that this Prithvideva is the first Kalachuri king of that name who ruled in South Kosala in the second half of the eleventh century AC.

The Object of the inscription is to record the grant, by Prithvideva I of the village Asautha (असौठा) , in the Apara (Mandala) 2 onthe occasion of Uttarayana-Sankranti. The donee was the Brahmana Joguka (जोगूक) of the Kaushika gotra, a student of Chhandoga or Samveda, who had emigrated from Sravasti. The plates were granted at Ratnapura, which was evidently the royal capital, on Sunday, the eighth tithi of the dark fortnight of Magha in year 821 (expressed in numerical figures only) of an unspecified era.

[p.399]: The inscription names Trivikrama, Vikrama and Arjuna, who are mentioned in the next grant also, probably as witnesses of the gift. The charter was written by the owner of the village Garbha (गर्भ) whose name has been omitted here owing to the exigencies of the mètre, but who was probably Alhana mentioned in the next grant in the same capacity and as owner of the same village. The engraver was Hâsala (हासल).

The date of the present grant must plainly be referred to the Kalachuri era. It regularly corresponds, for the current year 821, to Sunday, the 18th January 1069 A C. The eighth tithi of the dark fortnight of the amànta Mâgha in that year ended at 20 h 50 m. on that day The Uttarâyana or Makara sankrânti had already taken place at 23 h on the 23rd December 1068 1. This date is noteworthy; because firstly, it is one of the few dates of the Kalachuri era recorded in a current year and secondly, it is the only date of that era from Chhattisgarh which is cited according to the amânta scheme. The Amôda plates, granted only ten years later by this very king Prithvîdëva I, have their date recorded in a purnmânta month. The present date in an amànta month is all the more surprising, because the prevailing custom in Chhattisgarh even before the advent of the Kalachuris was to cite dates according to the pûrmmânta scheme.2 It shows, again, that the Kalachuri year must have commenced on some day before Mâgha va. di 8.

Of the geographical names mentioned in the present grant, Apara-mandala, if that is the correct reading of the name, seems to have comprised the territory round Bilaspur as shown by the Amôda plates of the same king, but I have not been able to find any place-name corresponding to Asauthâ from the maps available to me. Sravasti from where the donee had emigrated, may be Sahet Mahet in the Gonda District of Uttar Pradesh. Ratnapura is modern Ratanpur, 16 miles north of Bilaspur.

  • p.399

  • p.400

English Translation
Raipur Plate Of Prithvideva I:(Kalachuri) Year 821(=1069 AD)
[p.401]

(Verse.1) [Then was born the illustrious Prithvïdêva(I)], the ornamental jewel of the whole earth and the sun to the lotuses which are the minds of the wise. While the fire of his valour was blazing forth, (his) enemies together with (their) ministers, whose hearts were constantly oppressed by it, disappeared (from view) as if because their bodies were made of lac !

(V.2) While he who is strong in political insight is protecting the earth, even wind does not take to the wrong path, who else (then would dare to do so) ? As his thoughts are fixed on the path of piety, there is, indeed, no outbreak of even the slightest divine calamity.

(Line.4) This Mahâmandalêsvara, who shines in the midst of all kings (by his excellences) such as birth in the Kalachuri family and fervent devotion to Maheshvara, who is the lord of the entire Kosala country and the sole ruler of twenty-one thousand (villages) (and) who has obtained the divine grâce by a (special) boon of the god Vankësvara (वाङ्केश्वर), having bathed and worshipped the chosen (deity) Yagêshvara (याग्येश्वर), has given as a grant by (pouring) water on the (donee's) hand, after washing the lotus-like feet of the Brahmana and filling the hollow of his hand with water mixed with kusa and sesamum, on the occasion of the Utttâyana-sanktânti, the village Asauthâ (असौठा) in the Apara (mandala) to the Brahmana Jôgūka, the son of Mahanë and grandson of Bhadrabhânala, who has emigrated from Sravasti, belongs to the Kausika gôtra, has three pravaras, and is a student of the Chhandoga (i e, Sàmavëda) for the increase of religious merit and fame of (his) mother and father and of himself.

(L.10) Therefore this (Brâhmana), his sons, sons' sons and others should enjoy, without any interruption, (this village) by this charter as long as the moon, the sun, the earth, rivers, wind and sky would endure.

(Verse.3) The self-controlled great hero Trivikrama (त्रिविक्रम), Vikramarâja (विक्रमराज) who is marvelous in valour, and the pious-minded and brave Arjuna — these have, indeed, pledged (their) true word

(V.4) Then this (minister) named Vigraharaja (विग्रहराज), Gadâdhara (गदाधर) (and) the chief Brâhmana Këshava2 — these, having known the determined mind of the lord, duly pledged (their) true word.

(V. 5) The owner of the village Garbha, the bee on the lotus which is the poem of a good poet, wrote on the copper (plates) (thiks) composition in words, letters and sentences. That intelligent Hâsala (हासल), who is a repository of all mechanical arts, inscribed (it) in excellent lines of letters on this (set of plates)

(Line. 17) (In) the year 821, (in the month) Mâgha (and) the dark (fortnight), on the (lunar) day 8, on Sunday, — at Ratnapura (रत्नपुर).

Raipur Museum Stone Inscription Of Prithvideva II

No 85, Plate LXIX
Raipur Museum Stone Inscription Of Prithvideva II

Source - Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.436-442

[p.436]: This inscription was discovered by Sir Alexander Cunningham's Assistant, Mr. Beglar, who refers to it in the Archeological Survey of India Reports, Vol VII (1873-74), p 211. It has subsequently been noticed by several scholars, eg , by Dr Kielhorn who transcribed a few names of historical importance occurring in it in the Indian Antiquary, Vol. XX, p 84 , by Dr D R Bhandarkar in the Progress Report of the Archœological Survey, Western India for 1903-4, p 52 and finally by Rai Bahadur Hiralal in his Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar4. Though noticed several times, the inscription has not been edited anywhere. I edit it here from the original stone which I personally examined in the Raipur Museum.

The polished slab of red sand-stone, on which this inscription is incised, was found at Kôtgadh5 from where the Malguzar removed it to his own house at Akaltarâ6. It was lying there for some time and has recently been removed to the Raipur Museum. The inscription is fragmentary. The preserved portion consists of 16 lines, all of which except the last are incomplete. The writing covers a space 2' high. The length of the

1. For vaby-âi which I have translated as 'outskirts of the town' see Kielhorn's remarks in Ep Ind , Vol VI, p 250, n 5. I think this sense suits all the passages of the Râjataranginî cited by him For the pleasure-house in the tank, see above, p 431, n 2

2 There is a play on the words kshana, sàmànya and pramâna in consequence of which the adjectives in the first hemistich are intended to be construed with both the tank and the Buddhist doctrine.

3. Kirtti here refers to the tank and perhaps also to the temple of Rëvanta

4. First edition p 111, second ed p 123

5. To distinguish this from the preceding inscription of Vallabharàja which was also found at Kôtgadh, I hâve named it after the Muséum in which it is deposited.

6. It was lying near the Malguzar's house at Akaltarâ in 1903 See PRA.S W I (1903-4), p 52

[p.437]: lines gradually increases.....The chatacters are Nâgarï .... The language is Sanskrit, and except for the opening obeisance to Shiva and the name of the sculptor at the end, the record is metrically composed throughout. There are, in all, thirty verses, all of which except the last are numbered. The prasasti, as the inscription is called in line 25, was composed by Dëvapâni (देेवपाणी), and engraved by the sculptor Pâlhùka (पालहूक). Dëvapâni was also the author of the Akaltara and Ratanpur inscriptions of Vallabharâja. The present inscription has consequently several verses in common with those two records, especiaUy with the latter. Thus, verses 4-21 of the present inscription occur in the same order in that record The orthography shows the same peculiarities as the Akaltara stone inscription.

As stated above, the present record is fragmentary and though it has a considerable portion in common with three other inscriptions1 of Vallabharâja, the latter also, with the exception of the Akaltara stone inscription, have suffered too much to be of much use in the restoration of its lost text. It is not, therefore, possible to give here a connected and complete account of its contents. After the usual mangala-slôka in praise of Sambhu, the inscription seems to have mentioned the Kalachuri family and described two or three princes of it in verses 2-4. The name of the last one only, vîz , Ratnadêva (II) has been preserved at the beginning of lime 4. Like the Akaltara stone inscription, the record then seems to have turned to the ancestors of Vallabharâja, who, as feudatory chiefs, served the predecessors of Ratnadêva II. Verses 5-7 apparently eulogised Dëvarâja (देवराज), Râghava (राघव) and Harigana (हरिगण), but the name of only the last one occurs in the preserved portion. Harigana's wife was described in the next verse (8), but her name is lost The glorification of their son. Vallabharâja commenced in line 7, though his name does not occur in the extant portion till lime 16. Verses 10-15 extol his proficiency in the healing art, his appreciation of merits, his capture of elephants in the Vindhya mountain, the fierce fight in, which he distinguished himself, his raid in a distant country which was commended by his suzeram, and finally his fame and charity. Verse 16 seems to show that he was looked upon as an adopted son by Lâchchhalladëvï (लाच्छलदेवी) whom we know from the Akaltara stone inscription to be the mother of Ratnadêva II. Verse 18 described a city founded by Vallabharâja, which is said to have resembled the city of Kubëra (i.e , Alakâ). The next three verses, two of which occur in a complete form in the Akaltara record, described a tank which Vallabharâja excavated in the same city. Verse 22 probably referred to some charitable or religious works of Vallabharâja, one of which, a garden, is mentioned in the begining of line 19. In the next verse Vallabharâja is said to have loyally assigned to the king Ratnadêva (II) half of the religious merit which accrued to him on account of the aforementioned benefactions. Verse 24 records that he made a request to Ratnadêva (II) for some donation for the worship of Shiva, which

1. Vîz , No 84, above and Nos 87 and 95, below

[p.438]: seems to have been readily granted, for the final word in the next verse which occurs in the beginning of line 22 refers to a royal order. Verse 26 describes a beloved son, probably of Ratnadëva (II)1, but his name bas not been preserved. The next verse mentions his younger brother Jayasimha 2. The name of the poet Devapâni, who composed the prasasti, is preserved in line 25, while that of the writer which must have occurred in the same line is lost. The last line contains the name of the sculptor Pâlhûka who incised the present record.

The foregoing account will show that the object of the inscription was to record the construction, by Vallabharâja, of a temple of Shiva evidently at Kôtgadh and certain donations made by royal order for the worship of the deity. The present inscription is not dated, but as it mentions both the excavation of the tank Vallabhasâgara and the election of the afore-mentioned temple of Shiva, it is evidently later than the Akaltarâ stone inscription which mentions only the former. It is again earlier than the Ratanpur inscription which names many more benefactions of Vallabharâja and his wife and was incised, as expressly stated at the end of it, during the reign of Ratnadëva II's son and successor Prithvïdëva II.

The extant portion mentions no place-name3. Hattakeshvarapuri in L 16, which Rai Bahadur Hiralal took to be the name of an important place, means Alaka (अलका), the city of the lord of wealth (Kubera)4

1. The position of this verse which occurs after the description of Vallabharâja and his ancestors may suggest that the person described in it was a son of Vallabhaiàja, but the same verse occurs immediately after the description of Ratnadëva II and before the eulogy of Vallabharâja 's ancestors in the Ratanpur inscription of Prithvïdêva II (No 95, below), which shows that he is identical with Prithvîdëva II. He seems to have ascended the throne just about the time the inscription was put up. So two verses were added here in praise of him and his brother

2. Beglar found the name of Jayasimha in an inscription on the gateway of the fort at Kôtgadh and he has recorded the tradition which ascribes the building of the fort to Jayasimha, a petty chieftain subject to the Râjâs of Ratanpur (C A S I R , Vol VII, p 212). But, as shown above, Jayasimha was probably a younger brother of Prithvïdëva II.

3. The names of the villages which Ratnadëva II granted for the worship of Shiva are lost at the end of L.21

4. See below, p 440, n 4

Wiki editor Note

  • Kot (Jat clan) = Kotgarh, a village in Akaltara tahsil in Janjgir-Champa district in Chhattisgarh. Raipur Museum Stone Inscription Of Prithvideva II: The polished slab of red sand-stone, on which this inscription is incised, was found at Kôtgadh from where the Malguzar removed it to his own house at Akaltarâ. It was lying there for some time and has been removed to the Raipur Museum. To distinguish this from the preceding inscription of Vallabharàja which was also found at Kôtgadh, I have named it after the Museum in which it is deposited.

Raipur Copper-plate Inscription of the Raja MahaSudevaraja

The Seal.
A charter of the illustrious Sudevaraja, -who verily has a gracious heart; (and) who has overcome (his) enemies by (his) prowess,-(is) a charter for (the observance of even his) enemies!
The Plates.

Ôm! Hail! From the town of Sharabhapura, the illustrious Mahâ-Sudêvarâja, whose two feet are purified by the waters which are the flowing forth of the radiance of the jewels in the locks of hair (wound) in the tiaras of the chieftains, (bowing down before him), who have been subjugated by (his) prowess; who is the cause of the tearing out of the parted hair of the women of (his) enemies; who is the giver of treasure and land and cows; who is a most devout worshipper of the Divine One, (and) who meditates on the feet of (his) parents,-issues a command to the cultivators residing at (the village of) Shrîhâhikâ in the Eastern Country;-

(Line 5.)-"Be it known to you, that this village, the source (by this grant of it) of (Our) ensuring the happiness of (attaining) the abode of (Indra) the lord of the gods, which has been conveyed by a copper-charter to Nâgavatsasvâmin and Bandhuvatsasvâmin, of the Aupamanyava (shâkhâ) and the Vatsa gôtra, who, by the gift in marriage of his daughters, are the sons-in-law of Savitrisvâmin of the Kaundinya gôtra and the Vâjasanêya (shâkhâ); to be enjoyed as long as the world endures, having the terrible darkness dispelled by the rays of the sun and the moon and the stars; together with (its) hidden treasures and deposits; not to be entered by the irregular or the regular troops; (and) exempted from all taxes,-has, at the time of the sun’s commencement of his progress to the north, been assented to by Us indeed, for the increase of the religious merit of (Our) parents and of Ourself.

(L. 13.)-"Being aware of this, you should be obedient to their commands, and should dwell in happiness, rendering in manner proper (their) share of the enjoyment."

(L. I5.)-And he enjoins upon future kings,-"The ancients, whose minds are fixed upon religion, say that the virtue that arises from the preservation (of a grant) is greater than (that which arises from) making a grant; therefore your mind should verily incline to preserve land that has been given to a Brâhman of very pure family and holy learning. Therefore this gift should be preserved by you also."

(L. 18.)-And they cite on this point the verses that were sung by Vyâsa;-Gold is the first offspring of fire; the earth belongs to (the god) Vishnu; and cows are the daughters of the sun; therefore the three worlds are given by him who gees gold, and a cow, and land! The giver of land enjoys happiness in heaven for sixty thousand years; (but) the confiscator (of a grant), and he who assents (to an act of confiscation), shall dwell for the same number of years in hell! Land has been given by many kings, commencing with Sagara; whosoever at any time possesses the earth, to him belongs, at that time, the reward (of this grant that is now made, if he continue it). O Yudhishthira, best of kings, carefully preserve land that has been given, whether by thyself, or by another; (verily) the preservation (of a grant) (is) more meritorious than making a grant!

(L. 25.)-In this same village, the irrigation-well called Shrîvâpikâ, constructed within the mound on the land that skirts the eastern tank (and) extending up to the road is given to Nâgavatsasvâmin, in excess of (his exact) half of the village, because he is the elder.

(L. 27.)-At the command of (Mahâ-Sudêvarâja’s) own mouth, (in) mouth, (in) the year 10 of increasing victory, (in) (the month) Mâgha, (on the day) 9, (this charter) has been engraved by Drônasingha.

From: Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 199-200.

Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)

No. 107, Plate LXXXVIII
Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)

Source - Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.569-575

[p.569]: THE slab of grey sand-stone, measuring 2' 1-1/2" broad and 1' 6-1/2" high, which contains this inscription, was oirginally found fixed into a wall o£ the fort at Raipur, the head-quartets of the Raipur District in the Chhattisgarh Division of Madhya Pradesh. The Inscription has been mentioned several times,....The record is edited here for the first time from the original stone which is preserved in the Central Muséum, Nagpur, and from inked estampages taken under my supervision.

The writing, which consists of 25 lines....The characters are Nâgarî. The size of the letters is about 5". The language is very corrupt Sanskrit....

[p.570]: The inscription refers itself to the reign of the king Brahmadeva of Râyapura. He belonged to the Haihaya or Kalachuri dynasty as is known from the next inscription. The object of it is to record the construction, by the Nâyaka Hâjirâja (नायक हाजिराज), of a temple of Hatakeshvara 1 (हाटकेश्वर) (Shiva) at Rayapura. (L.11,V.9)

After the customary salutation to Ganesa, Sarasvati and the poet's preceptors, the inscription begins with eight verses in honour of Vighnesvara (i e , Ganesha), Bhârati (the goddess of speech), the preceptor, Siva, the Ganga and the moon. It then proceeds to record that on Friday, the eighth tithi of the bright fortnight of Phâlguna in the (Vikrama) year 1458 and the Shaka year 1322, the cyclic year being Sarvajit, during the reign of the Mahârajâdhràja, the illustrious king Brahmadeva, while his minister was Thâkura Tripuràrideva (ठाकुर त्रिपुरारिदेव) and the Court-Pandita was Mahàdëva (महादेव) , the Nayaka Hâjirâjadeva (नायक हाजिराज)2 constructed a temple of Hatakësvara (हाटकेश्वर) (Siva) at Râyapura. (L.11,V.9)

After a verse descriptive of Râyapura (रायपुर) (LL.12-13) we get a genealogy of the ruling king in verses 10-12. At Râyapura there reigned a great king, Lakshmideva (लक्ष्मीदेव) (L.13). His son was Singha (सिंघ) (L.13), who in turn had a son named Ramachandra (रामचंद्र). Brahmadeva3 (ब्रह्मदेव), who is mentioned next, was probably a son of Râmachandra, though there is no explicit statement to that effect. The description of these princes is conventional and altogether devoid of historical interest.

The pedigree of Hâjirâja (L.19,20) commences in verse 13 (L.18). It seems from that verse that his father also was named Brahmadeva. The subsequent verses seem to describe his sons, grandsons and also brothers, but owing to the careless manner in which the record is composed and written, their exact relationship to one another is in many cases uncertain. Hâjirâja seems to have had two sons, Padmanabha (पद्मनाभ) (L.21) and Pahideva (पाहिदेव) (L.22). The former's son was Kanhada (कान्हड़) (L.21) and the latter's, Sivasharman (शिवशर्मन) . Two brothers of Hâjirâja are also named in verses 20 and 21. The elder of them was named Supau(सुपौ) (L.23) and the younger Geyâti (गेयाति) (L.24). The former of these had two sons, Gôlha (गोल्ह) (L.23) and Vishnudâsa. The inscription finally mentions the artisan Nâmadêva (नामदेव).

The date of the inscription corresponds to Friday, the 10th February 1402 A. C. On that day the eighth tithi of the bright fortnight of Phâlguna in the expired Vikrama year 1458 ended 22 h 20 m after mean sunrise4 The cyclic year was Sarvajit according to the northern luni-solar System. The corresponding Saka year was, however, 1323 expired, not 1322 as wrongly stated in the inscription5

1. In both the places (LL 11 and 19) where the name occurs it is written as Hatakeshvara , but this is evidently a mistake for the usual form Hâtakeshvara (हाटकेश्वर)

2. The inscription does not state if Hâjirâja (हाजिराज) was connected with the royal court

3. The king's name occurs as Râyabrahmadëva in L 11 and as Râyahrahman in L.16, but râja (râjan) is only an epithet prefixed to his name, as it does not occur in his Khalari inscription where he is called Haribrahman. The name Harirâyabrahman given by Kielhorn is probably due to a mislection in LL 16-17, where the correct reading is -bhuvi Râyabrahma-nrtpater=, not Harirâjabrahma-nripatêr=. In the Khalâri inscription Haribrahmadëva is called the son of Râmadêva.

4. According to Kielhorn's calculations, the tithi ended 20 h 33m after mean sunrise on that day. He adds the following note on the name o£ the cyclic year — 'The year Satvajit, No 21, lasted, according to the Sûrya-Siddhânta rule, without bija, from 22 June, A D 1400 to 18 June, A D 1401, and with bîja, from 28 July, A D 1400, to 24 July, A D 1401 , and according to the Jyôtistattva rule, from 2 June, A D 1400 to 29 May, A D 1401 Accordingly, Sarvajit was not actually current on the day of the date (10 February, A D 1402), but it was current at the commencement of the solar year (26 March, A D 1401). By the Tëlinga rule the date would fall in the year Bhrishya, No 15 ' Ind Ant , Vol XIX, p 26

5. In the Asiatic Researches, Vol XV, p 505, the saka year is given as 1323, but that was probably in order to make it correspond to V 1458

  • Hajrah (Jat clan) = Hajiraja, a chieftain of ruler Brahmadeva of Kalachuri Dynasty. 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)' mentions that Nayaka Hajirajadeva (नायक हाजिराज) constructed a temple of Hatakeshvara (हाटकेश्वर) (Shiva) at Rayapura. (L.11,V.9). The pedigree of Hâjirâja (L.19,20) commences in verse 13 (L.18). It seems from that verse that his father also was named Brahmadeva. [10]
  • Gauta (Jat clan) = Geyati (गेयाति), a Kalachuri ruler in Raipur Chhatisgarh, mentioned in 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)'. ... The pedigree of Hâjirâja (L.19,20) son Brahmadeva commences in verse 13 (L.18). Hâjirâja seems to have had two sons, Padmanabha (पद्मनाभ) (L.21) and Pahideva (पाहिदेव) (L.22). The former's son was Kanhada (कान्हड़) (L.21) and the latter's, Sivasharman (शिवशर्मन) . Two brothers of Hâjirâja are also named in verses 20 and 21. The elder of them was named Supau(सुपौ) (L.23) and the younger Geyati (गेयाति) (L.24). The former of these had two sons, Golha (गोल्ह) (L.23) and Vishnudâsa. The inscription finally mentions the artisan Nâmadêva (नामदेव).
  • Golia (Jat clan) = Golha (गोल्ह), a Kalachuri ruler in Raipur Chhatisgarh, mentioned in 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)'. ... The pedigree of Hâjirâja (L.19,20) son Brahmadeva commences in verse 13 (L.18). Hâjirâja seems to have had two sons, Padmanabha (पद्मनाभ) (L.21) and Pahideva (पाहिदेव) (L.22). The former's son was Kanhada (कान्हड़) (L.21) and the latter's, Sivasharman (शिवशर्मन) . Two brothers of Hâjirâja are also named in verses 20 and 21. The elder of them was named Supau(सुपौ) (L.23) and the younger Geyati (गेयाति) (L.24). The former of these had two sons, Golha (गोल्ह) (L.23) and Vishnudâsa. The inscription finally mentions the artisan Nâmadêva (नामदेव).
  • Pahil (Jat clan) = Pahideva (पाहिदेव), a Kalachuri ruler in Raipur Chhatisgarh, mentioned in 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)'. ... The pedigree of Hâjirâja (L.19,20) son Brahmadeva commences in verse 13 (L.18). Hâjirâja seems to have had two sons, Padmanabha (पद्मनाभ) (L.21) and Pahideva (पाहिदेव) (L.22). The former's son was Kanhada (कान्हड़) (L.21) and the latter's, Sivasharman (शिवशर्मन) . Two brothers of Hâjirâja are also named in verses 20 and 21. The elder of them was named Supau(सुपौ) (L.23) and the younger Geyâti (गेयाति) (L.24). The former of these had two sons, Golha (गोल्ह) (L.23) and Vishnudâsa. The inscription finally mentions the artisan Nâmadêva (नामदेव).
  • Singa (Jat clan) = Singha, a Kalachuri ruler in Raipur Chhatisgarh, mentioned in 'Raipur Stone Inscription Of Brahmadeva - (Vikrama) Year 1458 (=1402 AD)'. ...After a verse descriptive of Râyapura (रायपुर) (LL.12-13) we get a genealogy of the ruling king in verses 10-12. At Râyapura there reigned a great king, Lakshmideva (लक्ष्मीदेव) (L.13). His son was Singha (सिंघ) (L.13), who in turn had a son named Ramachandra (रामचंद्र).[11]

Notable persons

  • Sudesh Singh , Bamroliya, ex. Estate I/c Ambuja cement co. 9479003277
  • Smt. Neelu Singh, Birar , 9425548244
  • Prashant Singh, Govt.service,pwd
  • Bhavna Thakur khenwar 8962371817
  • Narayan Singh, Dondariya, Business
  • Satyendra Singh s/o late Sri Bhupendra Singh Thakur, Govt. Service.

External links

Source

See also

  • Raipur Sultanpur (रायपुर-2) = रायपुर सुल्तानपुर (AS, p.795)

References

  1. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.569-575
  2. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.569-575
  3. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.569-575
  4. ↑ http://raipur-heritage.mapunity.com/
  5. ↑ https://raipur.gov.in/history/
  6. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Vol.X, 1909-10, pp.26
  7. ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.794
  8. ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.213-214
  9. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.569-575
  10. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.569-575
  11. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.569-575

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