View source for Martial Races of Undivided India/Jats

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'''Text Wikified By''' : [[User:ChReyanshSingh|'''<span style="color:yellow;"><font color="Yellow"><b><u>Ch. Reyansh Singh</u></b></font></span>''']]
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<center>'''Martial Races of Undivided India'''</center>
[[File:MartialRacesofUndividedIndia.jpg|thumb|200px|Cover Page of the Book]]
'''"[[Martial Races of Undivided India]]"''' is a book written by '''Vidya Prakash Tyagi''' consisting of 309 pages; published by '''Gyan Publication House''' in 2009 on dated 7 July. It's '''ISBN''' has been denoted as "8178357755" or "9788178357751"
== Wiki Editor Note ==
In this section, only that part of the book has been Wikified which is dedicated to [[Jat community]], Including it's '''Chapter 4:[[Jats]]'''(from page 67 to 87) in which the Valours of [[Jat people]] have been mentioned by the Author.

The part of book reproduced here is only for educational and research purpose. And also that everyone could know about this Great effort done by the Author '''"Respected Vidya Prakash Tyagi Ji."'''<br />

The Work is Copyrighted and one can read the book online at [https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Martial_races_of_undivided_India.html?id=vRwS6FmS2g0C&redir_esc=y Google Books.]<br />

== Chapter 4:Jats ==
[Page 67]: The [[Jat people]] are an ethnic group native chiefly to the [[Punjab]] area of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. The [[Jat people]] have a cultural [[Jat history|history]] that can be traced back to ancient times and have [[Jat traditions|traditionally]] been an Agriculcural community. The [[Jat people]] are a strong ethnic group of people mainly found in the [[Punjab]] region of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. Other regions including [[Balochistan]], [[North West Frontier Province|NWFP]], [[Rajasthan]],[[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Gujrat]], [[Maharashtra]].

The [[Jat people]] are considered to be merged descends of [[Indo-Aryan]]s, [[Indo-Scythian]] of the region, merging to form the [[Jat people]]. The [[Jat people]] follow different [[Jat religions|faiths]] and are engaged in different professions. They have a discrete and distinct cultural [[Jat history|history]] that can be historically traced back to ancient times.

The [[Jat people]] of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] are not related to the [[Jats]] of [[Afghanistan]], who are a distinct ethnic group.
== Origin & History ==
Some 19th century writers have identified the [[Jats]] with ancient [[Getae]]. [[Sir Alexander Cunningham]], former Director-General of the [[Archeological Survey of India]], connected the name of the [[Scythian]] [[Xanthii]]. He considered the [[Jats]] to be the [[Xanthii|Xanthi]], who he also considered very likely to be called the [[Zaths]]([[Jats]]) by early Arab writers.

The [[Hindu]] mythological account of [[Deva Samhita]] traces the ancestry of [[Jats]] to [[Origin of Jats from Shiva's Locks|Shiva's Lock]]. The earliest attestation of the [[Jats]] is in a Pali inscription dated to AD541 (as [[Jit]]). There are two major hypotheses, but nothing certain is known about the ancestry of the [[Jats]]: The ancestry of the [[Jats]] is discussed in terms of native [[Indo-Aryan]] ancestry on one hand, and intrusive [[Indo-Scythian]] admixture on the other.

Flaming gotra Jats are eminently known for their bravery in world war 1 & 2.

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[Page 68]: Authors postulating [[Indo-Scythian]] ancestry were [[Alexander Cunningham]], [[Prof. B.S. Dhillon|B. S. Dhillon]], Sir Mountstruat Elphinstone Grant Duff, [[Arthur Edward Barstow]], [[James Todd]] and [[Bhim Singh Dahiya]]. Authors emphasizing "indigenous" [[Indo-Aryan]] linage including E. B. Havell, [[Kalika Ranjan Kanungo|KR Qanungo]], Sir Herbert Risley, [[C.V.Vaidya]], and [[Thakur Deshraj]].

[[Jats]] find a mention in [[Mahabharata]] and other ancient [[India]]n literature.<br /> [[Mahendra Singh Arya]] believes that the shloka Jat Jhat Sanghate in renowned [[Sanskrit]] scholar [[Panini]]'s [[Ashtadhyayi]] refers to the [[Jat people]] as a federation. [[G. C. Dwivedi]] says that the [[Persia]]n [[Majmal-ut-Twarikh]] mentions [[Jats]] and [[Meds]] as the descendents of '''Ham'''(son of Noah), living in [[Sind]] on the banks of the river Bahar. [[Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery|S.M. Yunus Jaffery]] believes that the [[Jat people]] have been mentioned in [[Shahnama]], a well-known [[persia]]n epic.
== People & Culture ==
Today, besides agriculture (which is there main occupation), [[Jat people]] are engaged in trade and commerce. Though they continue to be a rural populace, their presence population in cities and district headquarters can be noted because of migration, which undoubtedly explains their distance from Agriculture and animal husbandry.

[[Jat people]] are considered a Forward class in the vast majority of states in [[India]], with a few exceptions in a small regions were they are '''Other Backward Class(OBC).''' In [[Rajasthan]] the [[Jat people]] are classified as [[OBC]], except in [[Bharatpur]] and [[Dhaulpur]] districts. In [[Rajasthan]], the [[Jat people]] are a wealthy and rich section of society but in 1999, they were granted [[OBC]] status. Some specific [[clans]] of [[Jats]] are classified as [[OBC]] in some states. Examples are [[Muslim Jats]] in [[Gujarat]] and [[Mirdha|Mirdha Jat people]](except [[Muslim Jats]]) in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Land reformers, particularly the abolition of Jagirdari and Zamindari systems, [[Panchayat|Panchayati Raj]] and Green revolution, to which [[Jat people]] have been major contributors, have immensely contributed to the economic betterment of the [[Jat people]].

Adult franchise has created enormous social and political awakening amongst [[Jat people]]. Consolidation of economic gains and participations in the electoral process are two visible outcomes of the post-independence situation. Through this participation they have been able to significantly influence the politics of North [[India]]. Economic differentiation, migration and mobility could be clearly noticed among [[Jats]].

The [[Jat Culture|culture]] of [[Jats]] is full of diversity and approaches most closely to that ascribed to the [[Jat traditions|traditional]] [[Aryan]] colonists of [[India]]. The [[Jat]] lifestyle was designed to foster a martial spirit. Whenever they lost their kingdoms

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[Page 69]: [[Jat people]] retired to the nation-side and became landed barons and the landlords with their swords girded round their waists. They would draw the sword out of the scabbard at the command of their [[panchayat]] to fight with the invaders. [[Jat people]] have a history of being brave and ready fighters. They are fiercely sovereign in character and value their self respect more than anything, which is why they offered heavy opposition against any foreign force that treated them unjustly. They are known for their pride, bravery and readyness to sacrifice their lives in battle for their people or kinsmen. In the government of their [[Jat villages|villages]] they appear much more demcratic, they have less reverence for hereditary right and a preference for elected headmen.

In [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]] and part of [[Haryana]] [[Jat people]] are mostly vegetarians. Some practise [[Arya Samaj]] sect of [[Hinduism]]. Their staple food is wheat or bajra (pearl millet), vegetables and plenty of milk and ghee. In [[Punjab]], the [[Jats]] usually eat meat, especially goat meat.[[Punjab]]i [[Jat people]] are also fond of saag(made from mustard leaves) with cornflour roti. Nevertheless, food habits within individual families can be completely different, so no universal '''"Jat Diet"''' can be identified. [[Mathura]]'s [[Jat people]] are purely vegetarian. Their food includes dal, milk, ghee, matha and bajra ki roti. Some [[Jats]] consider non-vegetarian food undesirable, but many [[Jats]], particularly the ones who belonged to the martial/warrior ancestry and defied [[Brahmin]] orthodoxy, customarily ate meat. For example, meat is part of regular diet for [[Jat]] non-practicing [[Sikh]]s and segments of Warrior clan [[Hindu]] [[Jats]] (now scattered in parts of [[Haryana]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]) who formed part of erstwhile [[Jat]] royalty/aristocracy/nobility. No doubt meat consumption was essential for sustained warfare and only the purely [[agrarian]] [[Jats]] of peaceful farming habits who did not much to do by taking way of martial ways and adversities of wars, could remain purely vegetarian.

To an extent, the incident of [[Jat]] meat consumption is higher in regions where [[Jats]] have [[Jat History|historically]] had social status, particularly during the medieval/aristocracy periods. For example, meat consumption is particularly high in the [[Punjab]] area(including modern day [[Haryana]]), where the [[Rulers|king]] was a [[Jat]], and is almost non-existing in [[Rajasthan]] (except in [[Bharatpur]] and [[Dhaulpur]], where there was likewise a [[Rulers|Jat king]]).

The [[Jats]] have always organized themselves into hundreds of partilineage [[clans]], [[Panchayat|Panchayat system]] or [[Khap]]s. A [[clan]] was based on one small [[gotra]] or a number of related [[gotra]]s under one elected leader whose word was law.

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[Page 70]: The big [[Jat clans]] now are so big that individual in them are only related to each other by individual that lived typically hundreds years ago. Mutual quarrels of any intensity could be settled by orders of [[Jat]] elders. In times of danger, the whole [[clan]] rallied under the banner of the leader. [[Khap|The Jat khap]] and [[Panchayat|Panchayat "system]] is territorial and highly democratic. District and a number of [[Khap]]s forms a '[[Sarva Khap]]' embracing a full province or state. Negotiations with anyone were done - at '[[Sarva Khap]]' level.

In addition to the conventional [[Sarva Khap Panchayat]], there are regional [[Jat Mahasabha]]s affiliated [[All India Jat Mahasabha]] to organize and safeguard the interests of community, which held its meeting at regional and national levels to take stock of their activities and device practical ways and means for the amelioration of the community.

All [[Jats]], irrespective of their official or financial positions in life, have equal social status. The only criterion of superiority is age. The [[Jat people]] are ethnically and culturally required to marry within their community. With the advancement of modern civilization, as people are becoming less upon and more tolerant towards each other, the joint family system is going out of vogue, it is still prevalent in the less advanced regions.

[[Jat people]] are followers of many [[Jat religions|faiths]]. Today they follows [[Hindu]]ism, [[Muslim Jats|Islam]], and [[Sikh]]ism. [[Jats]] of [[Pakistan]] are chiefly [[Muslim Jats|Muslim]] by [[Jat religions|faith]] and nearly six million [[Jats]] in [[India]] were mostly divided into two large groups of about equal strength: one [[Sikh]], concentrated in [[Punjab]], the other is [[Hindu]].

The [[Jat Muslims]] are organized in hundreds of groups tracing their descent through paternal lines; they were mostly labourers. Those of [[India]] and of the [[Punjab]]i regions of [[Pakistan]] are more often landlords farmers. Numerically, [[Jats]] form the largest percentage of [[Sikh]] community. Some scholars attribute [[Sikh]] military traditions largely to its [[Jat]] heritage.

[[Jat people]] usually speak [[Hindi]] and its dialects([[Rajasthani]], [[Haryanvi]], [[Malvi]]), [[Punjabi]] and its dialects, [[Urdu]], [[Dogri]], [[Sindh]]i or [[Gujarat]]i. [[Sikh]] and [[Muslim Jats]] from the [[Punjab]] mostly speaks [[Punjab]]i and its various dialects (such as [[Maajhi]], [[Malwi]], [[Doab]]i, [[Saraiki]], [[Pothohari]], and [[Jhangochi]]).
== Sects ==
The [[Jat people]] sect names are unique. List of [[Jat clans]] have been compiled by many [[Jat Historians|Jat historians]] like [[Ompal Singh Tugania]], [[Bhaleram Beniwal]], [[Mahendra Singh Arya|Dr Mahendra Singh Arya]], and others, [[Thakur Deshraj]], [[Dilip Singh Ahlawat|Dilip Singh]]

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[Page 71]: [[Dilip Singh Ahlawat|Ahlawat]], [[Ram Swarup Joon]] etc. [[Thakur Deshraj]], [[Ram Swarup Joon]] and [[Dilip Singh Ahlawat]] have mentioned history of some of [[Jat gotras]].

The following is the list of major [[Jat clans|clans]] of [[Jat people]]:
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:auto; column-count:3;">
*[[Agre]]
*[[Ahlawat]]
*[[Ajmeria]]
*[[Ansari]]
*[[Ameja]]
*[[Atwal]]
*[[Bachak]]
*[[Bagga]]
*[[Bagri]]
*[[Bains]]
*[[Bajwa]]
*[[Balhara]]
*[[Bhati]]
*[[Brar]]
*[[Budania]]
*[[Budhwar]]
*[[Chahal]]
*[[Chaudhari|Chaudhry]]
*[[Chauhan]]
*[[Cheema]]
*[[Chhina]]
*[[Dabas]]
*[[Dahiya]]
*[[Dalal]]
*[[Deol]]
*[[Deshwal]]
*[[Dhadwal]]
*[[Dhaliwal]]
*[[Dhariwal]]
*[[Dosanjh]]
*[[Gahlot]]
*[[Gaina]]
*[[Gill]]
*[[Grewal]]
*[[Hooda]]
*[[Jaglan]]
*[[Jaswal]]
*[[Johal]]
*[[Joon]]
*[[Kak]]
*[[Kakkar]]
*[[Kharvel]]
*[[Kothari]]
*[[Lamba]]
*[[Maan]]
*[[Malik]]
*[[Nehra]]
*[[Pundir|Pandher]]
*[[Panwar]]
*[[Parihar]]
*[[Rajawat]]
*[[Rana]]
*[[Randhawa]]
*[[Rathi]]
*[[Rathore]]
*[[Rawat]]
*[[Sahi]]
*[[Sandhu]]
*[[Sangwan]]
*[[Sehrawat]]
*[[Sidhu]]
*[[Sindhu]]
*[[Solanki]]
*[[Tanwar]]
*[[Tevatia]]
*[[Tiwana]]
*[[Uppal]]
*[[Vaire]]
*[[Virk]]
*[[Wains]]e
*[[Waraich]]
*[[Waseer]]
</div>

== Demographics ==
[[Kalika Ranjan Qanungo|Professor Kalika Ranjan Qanungo]] mentioned in his famous book "[[History of the Jats by Dr Kanungo|History of Jats]]", that the religious wise percentage of [[Jats]] in year 1925 was as follows:

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[Page 72]:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"; border="5"  
! Religion !! Jat Population %  
|- 
| Hinduism || 47% 
|- 
| Sikhism || 20%                           
|- 
| Islam || 33%  
|}
The last census which enumerated caste was conducted in 1931. According to which, the [[Jat population]] was:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"; border="5"  
! Name of Area !! Population<br /> (1931)
|-
|[[Punjab]] region* || 6,068,302
|-
|[[Rajasthan]] || 1,043,153
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] || 810,114
|-
|[[Jammu & Kashmir]] || 148,993
|-
|[[Balochistan]] || 93,726
|-
|[[North-West Frontier Province]] || 76,327
|-
|[[Bombay]] Presidency || 54,362
|-
|[[Dehli]] || 53,271
|-
|[[Central Province]] and [[Berar]] || 28,135
|-
|[[Ajmer]]-[[Marwar]] || 29,992
|}
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 *The [[Punjab]] Region includes present day [[Punjab]]([[Pakistan]]), [[Punjab]]([[India]]), [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. [[Bombay]] Presidency comprised the present-day state of [[Gujarat]], the western two-thirds of [[Maharashtra]] state, and northwestern [[Karnataka]] state of [[India]]; It also included [[Pakistan]]'s [[Sindh]] province. The [[Central Provinces]] and [[Berar]] comprised much of present day [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Maharashtra]] states. The province consisted of the present day districts of [[Ajmer]] and [[Marwar]].

As per [[B. S. Dhillon|Professor B. S. Dhillon]] in his book "[[History and study of the Jats|History and Study of the Jats]]", the [[Jat population]] 1988 has been estimated at 30 million. As per earlier, censuses the [[Jati]] or [[Jat people]] accounted for approximately 25% of the entire [[Sindh]]i-[[Punjabi]] speaking region. A regional breakdown (approximation) of the total [[Jat population]] is given in the following table.

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[Page 73]:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"; border="5"
! Name of Area !! Population<br /> (1988)
|-
|[[Punjab]] ([[India]]) || 13,353,530
|-
|[[Punjab]] ([[Pakistan]]) || 9,356,225
|-
|[[Rajasthan]] ([[India]]) || 3,756,008
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] ([[India]]) || 2,845,244
|-
|[[Jammu & Kashmir]] ([[India]]) || 581,477
|-
|[[Balochistan]] ([[Pakistan]]) || 369,365
|-
|[[North-West Frontier Province]] ([[Pakistan]]) || 302,700
|-
|[[Maharashtra]] Area ([[India]]) || 216,139
|-
|[[Dehli]] ([[India]]) || 187,072
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] Area ([[India]]) || 98,473
|}
== Martial Traditions ==
In the seventeenth century a ([[Hindu]]) empire was founded in the region of [[Bharatpur]] and [[Dholpur]] ([[Rajasthan]]) in northern [[India]]; it was the outcome of many centuries of rebellion against the [[Mughal Empire]], and it lasted until 1826, when it was beaten by the forces of '''British East India Company'''. Farther north, in the [[Punjab]], in the early years of eighteenth century, [[Jat]] (chiefly [[Sikh]]) organized peasants uprising against the predominantly Muslim landed gentry; subsequently, with the invasion of the region-first by the [[Nadir Shah|Persian King Nadir Shah]] and then by the [[Afghan]] [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]]-they controlled a major part of the region through close-knit bands of armed marauders operating under the leadership of the landowning chiefs of well-defined territories. Due to their [[Jat traditions|martial tradions]], the [[Jat]], together with certain other communities, were classified by British administrations of imperial [[India]] as a "martial race," and this term has certain long-lasting effects. One was their large-scale recruitment into the British-Indian army, and to this days a very large number of [[Jat]] are soldiers in the [[India]]n army.

When [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] invaded [[Sindh]], the [[Kaikan]] area in [[Sindh]] was in sovereign possessions of [[Jats]]. The first [[Arab]] invasions in the area were repelled by the [[Jats]]. [[Jats]] of the [[Panwar|Panwar clan]] governed [[Umerkot]] in [[Sindh]] prior to [[Humayun|Mughal ruler Humayun]]. [[Susthan]] area in [[Sindh]] was governed by [[Chandraram Hala|Chandra Ram]], a [[Jat]] of [[Hala|Hala clan]]. [[Chandraram Hala|Chandra Ram]] lost his empire (known as [[Halakhandi]]) to the [[Muslim]] invaders sent by [[Muhammad bin Qasim]].

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[Page 74]: There is no information available of any important [[The Rulers|Jat state]] in a period of two centuries following [[Kushan|Kushan Rule]]. Neverthless, in the fifth century, there is evidence of the [[Shalindra|Jat ruler Maharaja Shalinder]] ruling from "[[Shalpur]]" (the present-day [[Sialkot]]); his territory extended from [[Punjab]] to [[Malwa]] and [[Rajasthan]]. This is indicated by the Pali inscription obtained by [[James Todd]] from village [[Kanswa]] in [[Kota]] state in year 1820 AD.

There were several [[The Rulers|Jat states]] in what is now [[Rajasthan]]. The [[Bikaner]] area (then known as [[Jangladesh]]) in the desert area of Western [[India]] was dominated by the [[Jats]]. At what period the [[Jat people]] established themselves in [[India]]n desert is not known. By the fourth century they had spread up to [[Punjab]] in [[India]]. The small [[Jat population]] in the area were [[Jat clans]] governed by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law.

There were several [[Jat rulers]] of small regions in North [[India]]. These included the [[Garhwal]]s of [[Garhmukteshwar]], [[Kaliramna]]s (who governed near [[Mathura]]), [[Khirwar]]s of [[Brij]] and [[Narsinghpur]], [[Nauhwar]]s (who governed the region surrounding the [[Noh Lake]] region near [[Mathura]]), [[Koil]]s of [[Kampilgarh]] (the region that is now [[Aligarh]]), [[Hala]]s, [[Kuntal]]s, [[Pachar]]s, [[Thenua]]s, [[Toout]]s and [[Thakurele]]s. The [[Jats]] also dominated the [[Malwa]] area, under rulers like [[Harshavardhana]], [[Shiladitya]], [[Singhavarma]], [[Vishnuvardhan]] and [[Yashodharman]].

In 1669, the [[Jats]] of [[Gokul Mathura|Gokula]] area around [[Mathura]] rebelled against [[Mughal Empire|the mighty Mughal rulers]]. The rebellion resulted from political provocation aggravated by the economical discontent, and further aggravated by the religious persecution and discrimination.

In the disorder following [[Aurangzeb]]'s death in 1707. the [[Jat]] opposition resumed, organized under the leadership of [[Churaman]] (1695-1721). [[Churaman]]'s nephew, [[Badan Singh]] (1722-1756), founded an empire at [[Deeg]], from which he extended his rule over [[Agra]] and [[Mathura]]. [[Badan Singh]]'s eldest son and successor, [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] (1707-1763), extended his rule empire to include [[Agra]], [[Mathura]], [[Dholpur]], [[Mainpuri]], [[Hathras]], [[Aligarh]], [[Etawah]], [[Meerut]], [[Rohtak]] (including [[Bhiwani]]), [[Farrukhnagar]], [[Mewat]], [[Rewari]] and [[Gurgaon]]. He has been described as among the greatest [[Jat rulers]]. [[Suraj Mal]] moved the capital from [[Deeg]] to [[Bharatpur]] in 1733. [[Rustam Sogarwar|Rustam]], a [[Rulers|Jat king]] of the [[Sogariya|Sogariya clan]], had previously laid the foundation of the modern town of [[Bharatpur]]. During the [[British Raj]], the princely state of [[Bharatpur]] covered a region of 5,123 sq.km, and its rulers enjoyed a salute of 17 guns. The state acceded to the dominion of [[India]] in 1947.

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[Page 75]: As per [[Cunningham]] and [[William Crooke|William Cook]], the town of [[Gohad]] was established in 1505 by [[Jats]] of [[Bamraulia|Bamraulia village]], who had been forced by to leave [[Bamraulia]] by a satrap of [[Firuz Shah Tughluq]]. [[Gohad]] developed into an important [[Rulers|Jat state]], and was later captured by the [[Maratha]]s. The [[Jats]] of [[Gohad]] signed a treaty with the British and helped them capture [[Gwalior]] and [[Gohad]] from the [[Maratha]]s. The British kept [[Gwalior]] and handed of [[Gohad]] to [[Jats]] in 1804. Gohad was handed over to the [[Maratha]]s under a revised treaty dated 22 November 1805 between the [[Maratha]]s and the British. As a compensation of [[Gohad]], the [[Rana Kirat Singh|Jat ruler Rana Kirat Singh]] was given [[Dhaulpur]], [[Badi]] and [[Rajakheda]]; [[Kirat Singh]] moved to [[Dhaulpur]] in December 1805.

[[Ballabhgarh]] was another important princely state founded by the [[Jats]] of the [[Teotia|Tewatia clan]], who had come from [[Janauli]] village. [[Balram Jat|Balram Singh]], the brother-in-law of [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] was the first mighty ruler of [[Ballabhgarh]]. [[Raja Nahar Singh]] (1823-1858) was another notable king of this princely state.

[[Patiala]] and [[Nabha]] were two important [[rulers|Jat states]] in [[Punjab]], governed by the [[Jats]] of [[Siddhu]] clan. The [[Jind]] state in present-day [[Haryana]] was established by the descendents of [[Phul Jat]] of [[Siddhu]] ancestry.

[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] (1780-1839) of the [[Sandhawalia]] [[Jat clan]] of [[Punjab]] became the [[Sikh]] emperor of the sovereign nation of [[Punjab]] and the [[Sikh]] Empire. He united the [[Sikh]] factions into one state, and conquered vast tracts of territory on all sides of his empire. From the capture of [[Lahore]] in 1799, he rapidly annexed the rest of the [[Punjab]]. To secure his empire, he invaded [[Afghanistan]], and defeated the [[Pathan]] militias and [[clans]]. [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)|Ranjit Singh]] took the title of '''"Maharaja"''' on 12 April, 1801 (to coincide it with [[Baisakhi]] day). [[Lahore]] served as his capital from 1799. In 1802 he took the town of [[Amritsar]]. In the year 1802, [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)|Ranjit Singh]] successfully invaded [[Kashmir]].

Other [[Jat states]] of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries included [[Kuchesar]] (governed by the [[Dalal|Dalal Jat clan]] of [[Mandoti]], [[Haryana]]), and the [[Mursan|Mursan state]] (the present-day [[Hathras|Hathras disrict]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]) governed by the [[Thenua|Thenua Jats]].

The [[Jats]] also briefly governed at [[Gwalior]] and [[Agra]]. The [[Jat rulers]] [[Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana]] (1707-1756) and [[Maharaja Chhatra Singh Rana]] (1757-1782) occupied the [[Gwalior]] fort twice, [[Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana]] from 1740 to 1756, and [[Maharaja Chhatra Singh Rana]] from 1780 to 1783. [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] captured [[Agra]] Fort on 12 June 1761 and it remained in the possessions of [[Bharatpur]] rulers until 1774. After [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja]]

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[Page 76: [[Suraj Mal]], [[Maharaja Jawahar Singh]], [[Maharaja Ratan Singh]] and [[Maharaja Kehri Singh]] (minor) under resident ship of [[Maharaja Nawal Singh]] governed over [[Agra]] Fort.
== Contributions to Defence Services ==
[[Jat people]] formed part of almost all successful armies of [[India]]n feudal states. They offered a vigorous resistance to the [[Arab]] invaders. The [[Jat people]] are one of the longest serving and most decorated of the [[Indian Army]]. They have won many battle honours.

In [[India]] the [[Jats]] maintained the high reputation they had created for themselves on the battlefields of [[France]] and [[Flanders]], [[Libya]], [[Malaya]] and [[Burma]] to name a few. In [[Jammu and Kashmir]] 1947-48, the [[China Country|China]] War 1962, the conflicts of [[Pakistan]] 1965 and 1971, and in [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Siachen]], they have added to the laurels of the [[Indian Army|Army]].
== Jat Regiment ==
:'''Regimental Motto:''' Sangathan Va Veerta (Unity and Valour)<br />
'''War Cry:''' Jat Balwan, Jai Bhagwan (Brave Jat, Victory to God)<br />
The [[Jat Regiment]] is an '''infantry regiment''' of the [[Indian Army]], it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the [[Indian Army]]. [[Jat Regiment|The regiment]] has won 19 battle honours between 1837 to 1947 and post independence 5 battle honours, eight [[Maha Vir Chakra]], eight [[Kirti Chakra]], 32 [[Shaurya Chakra]]s, 39 [[Vir Chakra]]s and 170 [[Sena Medal]]s.

Over its life of more than 200 hundred years, the regiment has participated in various actionsand operations both in the pre and post-independence [[India]] and abroad, including the [[First World War|First]] and the [[Second World War]]s. Numerous sections of the [[Jat regiment]] fought in the [[First World War]] including the [[14th Murray's Jat Lancers]].

The Regiment claims it's origins from the [[Kolkata|Calcatta]] Native Militia raised in 1795, which later became an infantry battalion of the [[Bengal]] Army. The [[14th Murray's Jat Lancers]] were formed in 1857. After 1860, there was a substantial increase in the recruitment of [[Jats]] in the British Indian Army, the [[Jat Regiment|IX Jat Regiment]] was formed by bringing under a single regiment, four active and one training battalion.

The [[Jat people]] are merged descends of [[Indo-Scythian]]s and [[Central Asia]]n and [[Indo-Aryan]] communities. In [[Mughal]] times, they preserved their independence in [[Delhi]].

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[Page 77]: [[Jat]] society is a republican form of society, epitomize by the [[Sarv Khap]], a body, a council, based at [[Shoron]], district [[Muzaffarnagar]], [[Uttar Pradesh|U.P]], [[India]], that united the [[Jats]] from [[Punjab]] to Central [[India]] and organized the resistance to the feudal forces and the invaders.

They formed principalities like [[Bharatpur]], [[Dholpur]], [[Gohad]] ([[Bhind District|Bhind]]), [[Patiala]], [[Nabha]], [[Jind]], [[Kuchesar]] [[Uttar Pradesh|U.P]] and [[Bahadurgarh]].

Conservatives by nature, the [[Jats]] rarely marry people from other ethnic groups. Great pride is placed in their ancestry. In fact, all the [[Jats]] in a particular village considered themselves to be descendants of the man whom they believe founded it.

The British in their quest for power and domination in [[India]] came into conflict with the [[Jat people]] and recorded that they caused them the '''maximum trouble''' along with the [[Jat Sikh]]s. So impressed were they by the soldierly qualities of the [[Jats]] that they soon started recruiting them in ever-increasing numbers into all branches of the [[Bengal]] Army. The 1st battalion was raised as the 22nd [[Bengal]] Native Infantry in 1803.

The 2nd and 3rd Battalions were raised in 1817 and 1823 respectively. All three battalions had distinguished records of service including the winning of many honours during [[WW1]]. The 1st battalion in particular served with great distinction in [[France]] and [[Iraq]] (then [[Mesopotamia]]) and was conferred the signal honour of being declared 'Royal' in addition to being made Light Infantry.

1947 saw the [[Jat Regiment|Regiment]] undergoing a great deal of change at last becoming a one-class Regiment of [[Jats]], as it should have been from the beginning. The [[Punjab]]i [[Musalmans]] and [[Hindustan]]i [[Musalmans]]/[[Ranghar]]s left for [[Pakistan]] being replaced be the [[Jats]] from the 15th [[Punjab Regiment]], a [[Pakistan]] Regiment. Though 50% of the Regiment left for [[Pakistan]] and there were insufficient numbers of [[Jats]] to replace them someone in army HQ had the foresight to give the [[Jats]] their due and make the [[Jat Regiment]] at last a true image of the proud yeoman it represented.

In free [[India]] the [[Jats]] maintained the high reputation they had created for themselves on the battle-fields of [[France]] and [[Flanders]], [[Libya]], [[Malaya]] and [[Burma]] to name a few. In [[Jammu and Kashmir]] 1947-48, the [[China war 1962]], the conflicts with [[Pakistan]] in 1965 and 1971, and in [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Siachen]], they have added to the laurels of the [[Jat Regiment|Regiment]] and the Army. But the actions of [[3 Jat]] under [[Lt. Col. Desmond Hayde]] initially on 1st September and then again on Sept 21-22 of crossing the [[Ichhogil Canal]] and capturing [[Dograi]] right up to [[batapore-Attocke Awan]] and

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[Page 78]: knocking on the very doors of [[Lahore]] speaks for itself about the battalion's leadership and the bravery of the troops.

Recently in the 1999 [[Kargil]] conflict five of the [[Jat Regiment|Regiment]]'s battalions took part and once again displayed the soldierly qualities that have made the [[Jats]] so well known amongst the [[community]] of fighting men. The performance of the [[Jat Regiment|Regiment]]'s battalions during the [[UN]] missions in [[Korea]] and [[Congo]] has been in keeping with its high standards. Again, it performed very well in the counter-insurgency operations that have kept the [[Indian Army]] busy ever since independence. Nowadays, it fights the foreign mercenaries in [[Kashmir]] with its traditional martial spirit.

'''Class Composition:''' The [[Jat Regiment]]'s class composition is 100% [[Jats]] from [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Delhi]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] and other parts of [[India]] expect for 3 Battalions whose ethnic makeup is as follows:
#12th Battalion: All [[India]] All Class.
#15th Battalion: The Battalion recruit [[Ahir]]s, [[Jats]], [[Gujjar]]s and [[Rajput]]s, the classes with a common heritage. This was done as an experimental measure to test whether the mixing of these inter-linked classes could lead to fulfillment of the dream of a section of the politico-bureaucratic hierarchy; a mixed Army.
#20th Battalion: Raised by [[General Vaidya]] the then Army Chief with a mixed class composition of [[Jats]], [[Dogra]]s, [[Garhwali]]s and [[Maratha]]s.
== Battle Honours ==
:Pre-1947
*[[Nagpur]], [[Afganistan]] (1839)
*Ghuznee, Ali Masjid, Candahar (1842)
*Cabool (1842)
*Maharajpore, Sobraon, [[Multan|Mooltan]], [[Punjab]], [[China Country|China]] (1858-59)
*Kandahr (1880)
*Burma (1885-87)
*[[Afganistan]] (1879-80)
*[[China Country|China]] (1900)
*La Basee (1914)
*Festubert (1914-15)
*Shiba, Ctesiphon, Khan Baghdadi, Kul al Amara (1915)
*Neuve Chappelle, [[France]] and [[flanders]] (1914-15)

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[Page 79]: 
*Defense of Kut al Amara, Tigris (1916)
*[[Mesopotamia]] (1914-18)
*North West Frontier ([[India]]) (1914-15) (1917)
*[[Afghanistan]] (1919)
*Razabil, Kamper, [[Burma]] (1942-45)
*Jitra, Malaya (1941-42) Ninshigum, North [[Africa]] (1940-43)
Post-1947
*Rajauri (1947)
*Zoji La (1947)
*[[Dograi]] (1965)
*Phillora (1965)
'''Honours & Awards:''' 8 [[Maha Vir Chakra]]s, 5 [[Kirti Chakra]]s, 1 Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, 34 [[Vir Chakra]]s and 12 [[Shaurya Chakra]]s.<br />
'''Unit Citations:''' Citations are given instead of Battles/Theatre Honours when a unit is decorated for Counter Insurgency Operations.
* 4th Battalion Nagaland (1995)
* 7th Battalion J&K (1997)
* 34th Battalion Rashtriya Rifles J&K (1997)
* 17th Battalion Operation Vijay (1999)
'''The Regimental Centre:''' The Regimental Centre was originally raised in July 1795 in [[Calcutta]]. Ever since the raising of the Regiment in 1922 the Regimental Centre has been located at [[Bareilly]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].
== The Battalions ==
'''1st Royal [[Jat]] Battalion:''' 1st Royal [[Jat]] Battalion was originally raised in 1803 at [[Fatehgarh]]. It was affiliated to the Mechanized Infantary Regiment in 1980 and become its 2nd Battalion. Its class composition now is All India All Class.<br />
'''2nd Battalions:''' 2nd Battalions ([[Multan|Mooltan]]) was raised at [[Bombay]], October 1817. With the transfer of 1st [[Jat]]s to the Mechanized Infantry Regiment in 1980, this is now the senior battalion. The battalion was part of the 2nd Brigade of the [[Bengal]] Force during the first [[Afghan]] War in 1838. During this war, the battalion retrieved sandalwood gates from the tomb of [[Sultan Mahmud Ghazni]] and brought them back to [[India]]. [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] looted these from the [[Somnath Temple]] in 1024 AD. The gates are currently at [[Agra]] Fort under the aegis of Archaeological Survey of

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[Page 80]: [[India]]. The Battalion was crested with the title 'Light Infantry' on October 4, 1842 for having marched 1100 miles in 33 days for its distinguished service during the [[Afghan]] war. On its return, the battalion saw action in [[Gwalior]] Campaign.<br />
The battalion again rose to the occasion during the second [[Afghan]] War on November 21, 1878. It entered the [[Khyber Pass]] to counter [[Ali Masjid]] defences. The troops of the battalion achieved victory the very next day. <br />
To suppress the Boxer uprising in [[China Country|China]] the 1st Battalion arrived in [[Hong Kong]] on September 1, 1900, where it was posted to the 3rd Brigade of the [[China Country|Chinese]] Expeditionary Force. It was deployed in the province of Shantung. On July 3, 1901, it embarked for [[India]] after successfully suppressing the revolt.<br />
During the [[second world war]], the battalion was deployed at [[Mandalay]] Fort in [[Rangoon]] upto [[Imphal]]. During this war, the battalion was actively involved in [[Malaya]] and [[Burma]] against the [[Japan]]ese.<br />
For the third time in the [[second world war]], the battalion embarked from [[Calcutta]] and reached Rangoon on July 10, 1945. It joined 114 Independent Infantry Brigade (7 Infantry Division) to operate against the retreating [[Japan]]ese. The battalion was later employed to guard the [[Japan]]ese prisoners of war till the surrender of [[Japan]] in January 1946.<br />
During the 1962 war, the battalion proved its mettle once again. While fighting against [[Pakistan]] in 1965 war, the Royal [[Jat]]s fought the ensuring battles with great gusto and tremendous perseverance in which they repulsed two [[Pakistani]] counter attacks on the [[Ichhogil Canal]] and destroyed seven Sherman tanks.<br />
From October 1967 to February 1969, the battalion was deployed in [[Mizoram]] Hills to suppress insurgency. It was the first regular battalion to be inducted in south of Lungle and had many encounters with the Mizo rebels. Braving adverse vagaries of terrain and whether, the [[Jat]]s emerged as victors again and captured and killed a number of hostiles apart from recovering of large number of weapons. Sub Man Singh was awarded [[Shaurya Chakra]] for his gallant action during the counter insurgency operations in the [[Mizoram|Mizo Hills]].<br />
In 1971, during its stay at [[Jhansi]], the unit was converted into a Mechanized Infantry battalion and was fully equiped with Topaz

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[Page 81]: armoured personnel carriers. In October 1971, during [[Indo-Pak war]], the battalion went to [[Najabat Kokri]] (in [[Punjab]]) where it remained in a decisive position till the end of operations, as part of 1 Armoured Division. From 1972 to 1981, the battalion was garrisoned at [[Babina]] from where it moved to [[Patiala]]. At [[Patiala]], the battalion was re-designated as 2nd Battalion, the Mechanised Infantry Regiment [1 [[Jat]] (L1)]. In 1984, the [[Jat Regiment]]al Centre built a monument at [[Fatehgarh]] to mark the birth of the 1st Royal Battalion.<br />
In 1984, during [[Operation Blue Star]], the battalion was placed under the operational control of 4 Infantry Division. Subsequently, it was grouped with 57 Mechanised Brigade and moved to [[Hissar]] in September 1986. It was presented with new colours on February 24, 1988 by the then President [[Dr R Venkataraman]]. In 1989, the first lot of BMP-2 infantry combat vehicles were given to the battalion and the battalion commented its conversion training.<br />
'''3rd Battalion:''' 3rd Battalion ([[Dograi]]) Was raised on 13 July 1847 at [[Dinapur]].<br />
'''4th Battalion:''' 4th Battalion ([[Asifwala]]) was raised on July 1795 at [[Calcutta]]. Amalgamated with the 10th Training Battalion on 1 February 1922. Reraised 15 July 1940 at [[Jhelum]]. Lost after it surrendered at [[Singapore]] 14 February 1942. Reraised 15 January 1962 at [[Bareilly]]. Served in [[Sri Lanka]] 4 Oct 1988 to June 1990.<br />
'''5th Battalion:''' 5th Battalion ([[Ladakh]]) was raised on 1 February 1941 at [[Banaras]]. This battalion arrived in [[Ladakh]] in April of 1962 and was assigned to 114 Infantry Brigade ([[Leh]]). Its assignment, as part of [[India]]'s "forward policy", was to protect the Central Sector, from the [[Galwan]] River to the [[Lunkung]] defile, which lay on the north end of [[Pangong Tso]]. One forward position, named [[Galwan]] post, was commanded by Major S.S. Hasabnis and about 60 men. The post had initially been set up by 1/8 [[Gorkha]] Rifles and had been surrounded by the Chinese from before [[Jats]] took over. Movement to and from the post was mainly by helicopters. On October 20, 1962, the Chinese attacked this post with approximately 600 men. According to Major-General Jagjit Singh (Retired), then Brigade Major of 114 Brigade and author of the book The Saga of [[Ladakh]], in the following battle 30 troops were killed, including two JCOs and Captain Paul, the medical officer at the post, and 18 were wounded, including Major Hasabnis. General Jagjit Singh notes that the post - in common with almost all others established as part of the forward policy - was located in a tactically unsound manner, and while this was

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[Page 82]: clearly understood by Major Hasabnis and his men, there was nothing anyone could do it as orders came from the highest level. After the first phase of Chinese attacks, the brigade HQ was ordered from [[Leh]] to [[Chushul]] as part of the reorganization of [[India]]n forces in [[Ladakh]]. The battalion now found itself split between the two extremes of the 80-km long Central Sector. One company was deployed [[Taksa]] La on the southern end, protecting he right flank of the brigade against a possible Chinese advance against [[Chushul]] from the direction. The rest of the battalion, supported by a troop from 32 Heavy Mortar Battery and a machine-gun detachment of the [[Mahar]] Regiment was deployed at the Lunkung defile. In the event, no further fighting was in store for 5 [[Jats]]. Their service in the area, and the defense of Post [[Galwan]] earned this battalion the right to append "[[Ladakh]]" to their name.<br />
'''6th Battalion:''' 6th Battalion was raised on 1 February 1941 at [[Bareilly]]. Served in [[Siachen]] 1993-94.<br />
'''7th Battalion:''' 7th Battalion was raised on 15 November 1962 at [[Bareilly]].<br />
'''8th Battalion:''' 8th Battalion 
([[Poonchh]]) was raised on 14 December 1959 at [[Bareilly]].<br />
'''9th Battalion:''' 9th Battalion ([[Chhamb]]) was raised on 1 June 1962 at [[Bareilly]].<br />
'''11th Battalion:''' 11th Battalion was on raised on 1 April 1964 at [[Bareilly]]. Originally raised as 31 [[Jat]] as an 'I' Battalaion on a special T/O for CI Ops in the North-East using specially selected personnel from the [[Jat Regiment]], [[Sikh Regiment]], [[Punjab]] Regiment, [[Dogra]] Regiment and Grenadiers. Converted to a standard infantry Battalion in 1972. Now has an All [[India]] All Class Composition. Served in [[Siachen]] 1988-89.<br />
'''12th Battalion:''' 12th Battalion was raised on 7 June 1970 at [[Bareilly]]. Served in [[Sri Lanka]] 12th June 1988 to January 1990, and in [[Siachen]] 1998-99.<br />
'''14th Battalion:''' 14th Battalion was raised on 1 October 1963 at [[Bareilly]]. Served in [[Sri Lanka]] 14 December 1987 to December 1989.<br />
'''15th Battalion:''' 15th Battalion was raised on 15 May 1976 at [[Bareilly]]. Known as [[AJGAR]] battalion.<br />
'''16th Battalion:''' 16th Battalion was raised on 1 October 1946 at [[Bareilly]]. Served in [[Siachen]] 1990-91.<br />
'''17th Battalion:''' 17th Battalion was raised on 1 June 1966 at [[Jabalpur]].

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[Page 83]: '''18th Battalion:''' was raised on 1 October 1966 at [[Sikandrabad|Secunderabad]].<br />
'''19th Battalion:''' 19th Battalion was raised on 1 August 1980 at [[Bareilly]].<br />
'''20th Battalion:''' 20th Battalion (The [[Jat Regiment]]'s 'Vaidya' Battalion) was raised on 27 February 1985 with a mixed class company of [[Jats]], [[Dogra]]s, [[Gargwali]]s and [[Maratha]]s. However, 9 August 1998 orders were received for the re-organization of the Battalion as a 100% [[Jat]] unit. The following were the departures/arrivals:<br />
Departures:<br />
1. [[Dogra]]s to 19 [[Dogra]].<br />
2. [[Garhwali]]s to 18 [[Garhwali]] Rifles. (This company, who proudly style themselves the [[Garhwali]] [[Jats]], took a stellar part in [[Operation Vijay]], capturing Point 4700 and winning a number of gallantry awards.) <br />
3. [[Maratha]]s to the [[Maratha]] Light Infantry Regimental Center. <br />
The fourth rifle company was raised from personnel sent from the Center and other battalions. The re-organization of the 20th Battalion as a pure [[Jat]] unit was completed on 31 December 1999. Served in [[Siachen]] 1989-90.<br />
'''21th Battalion:''' 21st Battalion was raised on 1 November 1987 at [[Bareilly]]. Served in [[Siachen]] 1991-92.<br />
'''114 Battalion:''' 114 Battalion (Territorial Army) was raised on 1 October 1960 at [[Dehradun|Dehra Doon]].
== Famous Personalities ==
The [[Jat people]] is a 31 million strong ethnic group spread out ever of north west [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] and with large populations living in the [[EU]], [[America|US]],[[Canada]], [[Australia]] and [[Britain|UK]]. This is a list of famous [[Jat people]]s:
==  Armed Forces ==
'''''Gallantry Award Recipients'''''
*'''[[Subedar Richhapal Ram Lamba]]''' (1899-1941) was twice the winner of prestigious '''[[Victoria Cross]]''' award, the highest and the most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to [[British]] and Commonwealth forces.
*'''Major Hoshiar Singh''' was awarded the '''[[Param Vir Chakra]]''' for his gallantry on [[India]]'s western front in December 1965, against [[Pakistan]]i slodiers.
*[[Nirmaljeet Singh Sekhon|'''Flying Officer Nirmaljeet Singh Sekhon''']], on the 14th December 1971, engaged six [[Pakistan]]i Sabre jets over [[Srinagar]] airfield. He hit one directly and set anther blaze. Out numbered, he was shot down and

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[Page 84]: killed, but his struggle was not in vain. [[India]] honoured this young and valiant martyr with its highest honour for gallantry- '''[[Param Vir Chakra]]'''
*[[Lt. Colonel Dharam Singh|'''Lt. Col. Dharam Singh''']], on the night of November 7/8, 1948, led his battalion extremely well over a difficult country and against a determined enemy. His conduct in carrying out the attacks was an inspiration to all his men, which eventually led to the capture of the feature at dawn. For his gallantry he received the '''[[Maha Vir Chakra]]'''.
*'''Maj. Malkait Singh [[Brar]]''' was awarded '''[[Maha Vir Chakra]]''' for exceptional gallantry in Feb 1948 during the [[Jammu and Kashmir]] operations for defending his position from enemy forces.
*'''[[Mahendra Singh Choudhary|Maj. M. S. Chaudhary]]''' was able to inflict more than 100 casualties on 9th October, 1962, on the enemy and was later killed. For his bravery he was awarded the '''[[Maha Vir Chakra]]''' on 20th October, 1962.
*[[Major General Swarup Singh Kalaan|'''Maj. Gen. Swarup Singh''']], during Indo-Pakistan War, planned and executed operations to hunt the infiltrators, capture their bases and block routes of infiltration. He succeeded in his mission by showing exemplary leadership, determination and courage in the best traditions of the [[India]]n Army. He was awarded the '''[[Maha Vir Chakra]]''' on 5th August, 1965.
*'''Brigadier K.K. Singh''', commanded his Armoured Brigade in action in the [[Sialkot]] Sector in 1956. The force Brigadier Singh destroyed over 75 enemy tanks. He was awarded the '''[[Maha Vir Chakra]]'''.
*'''Subedar Ajit Singh''' gallantry during 1965 Indo-Pak war, inspired his comrades and they routed the enemy. He was posthumously honoured with the '''[[Maha Vir Chakra]]'''.
*[[Kulwant Singh Pannu|'''Lt. Col. Kulwant Singh Pannu''']], during the 1971 war, was awarded the '''[[Maha Vir Chakra]]''' for his exceptional leadership in capturing of [[Mirpur]] bridge.
*'''Lt. Col. Narinder Singh [[Sandhu]]''', was decorated the [[Maha Vir Chakra]] for his skillful leadership.
*'''Captain Devinder Singh [[Ahlawat]]''', in the 1971 [[India]]-[[Pakistan]] war, sacrificed his life for his country at the young age of 24 and was awarded the '''[[Maha Vir Chakra]] ([[MVC]])''' posthumously.
*'''[[Randhir Singh Kalher|Subedar Randhir Singh]]''' won the '''[[Vir Chakra]]''' award in [[Kargil]] War of 1999 in the battle of Tiger Hill, but at the cost of his life. He was killed in this action.

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[Page 85]: 
*[[Shish Ram Gill|'''Hawaldar Shish Ram Gill''']], on 9 July 1999, during [[Kargil]] conflict drove away the [[Pakistan]]i intruders beyond the Line of Control and killed five intruders. Meanwhile he was attacked and killed. he was awarded the [[Vir Chakra]].
*[[Arvind Kumar Burdak|'''Lt. Arvind Kumar Burdak''']] got '''[[Shaurya Chakra]]''' on 2 November 2002 for his act of bravery in killing three terrorists in [[J & K]] on 1 July 2001 at an altitude of 13200 feet in headon encounter.
*[[Virendra Singh Atri|'''Sepoy Virendra Kumar''']], won '''[[Sena Medal]]''' in [[Kargil]] War in 1999. He was from Unit-17 [[Jat Regiment]]. He was killed in the action.

== Others ==
*[[Arjan Singh Aulakh|'''Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh''']], was Chief of Air Staff of the [[India]]n Air Force (equivalent to the Army's Field Marshal), on the Republic Day of 2002.
*'''[[Lt. Gen. Joginder Singh Dhillon]]''' (1914-2003) was a decorated celebrated [[India]]n and [[Sikh]] military war hero. He was commissioned into [[Bengal]] Engineer Group in 1936, was the first Army Officer to be awarded '[[Padma Bhusan]]' on 24 November 1965. [[Lt. Gen. Joginder Singh Dhillon|Gen Dhillon]], was the General Officer Commanding a forward Corps.
*'''[[Lt Gen O.S. Lohchab|Lt. Gen. O.S. Lohchab]]''' (retd) was Director-General of Military Intelligence, at Army Headquarters, [[Delhi]]. He actively participated in the wars 1965 and 1971 and also played a major role in the [[Kargil]] operations in 1999. He was awarded  the '[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]', 'The [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]' and The '[[Vishisht Seva Medal]]' during 40 years of his distinguished service in the Army.
*'''Brigadier N.L. [[Poonia]]''', is a [[Sena Medal]] awardee of 1965 Indo-Pak war. He commanded 19 Grenadiers, and an operational brigade in the desert. During his service, he was actively associated in the process of staff selection and promotion of recruits, gentlemen cadets, officers, JCOs, other ranks, NCC cadets/officers and civilians.
*'''[[Sarabjit Singh Dhillon|Lt. Gen. Sarabjit Singh Dhillon]]''' is the [[India]]n General Commander of [[Kashmir]] (GoC) since 2005, and is Master General of the Ordnance of the [[India]]n Army. He is one of the most respected Generals currently serving in the [[India]]n Army.
*'''[[Brigadier Ran Singh]]''' was commander of 3 [[Jat]] and [[Jat]] center [[Bareilly]].
*'''Brigadier J. P. [[Nehra]]''' of the [[India]]n Army is the Acting Force Commander of [[United Nations]] Interim Force in [[Lebanon]](UNFIL).

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[Page 86]: 
*'''[[Chanan Singh Dhillon|Lt. Col. Chanan Singh Dhillon]]''' (retd) (born 1920), is a famous [[Punjab]]i [[India]]n [[Sikh]] [[World War II]] hero and veteran. He fought in world war two in the [[British]] [[India]]n army. He was later taken prisoner (PoW) by the [[German]]s in 1943. He stayed in PoW camps in [[Italy]], [[France]] and [[Germany]]. In [[Germany]] he remained confided to POW Camp XII in [[Limburg]] near [[Frankfurt]]. In addition, the International Red Cross, [[Geneva]] who was responsible for the welfare of POWs, appointed him Chief Man of confidence. He escaped many times.
*'''[[Bhagwan Singh Chahar|Capt. Bhagwan Singh Chahar]]''' (1916 - 1995) was a unique diplomat, a radial student leader, Army officer, [[Indian Administrative Service]] Ofiicer, High Commissioner of [[India]] to [[Fiji]] and a devoted social worker.
*'''[[Ganpat Singh Dhaka|Sepoy Ganpat Singh Dhaka]]''' was the hero of [[Kargil]] war who belonged to the village [[Sihot Chhoti]] in [[Sikar]] district in [[Rajasthan]]. He died on 27 July 1999 during [[Kargil]] war. He was in Unit-16 Grenediers.
*'''[[Moola Ram Bidiyasar|Sepoy Moola Ram Bidiyasar]]''' is a hero of [[Kargil]] war. He was in Unit-04 [[Jat Regiment]] of [[India]]n Army. He died on 15 May 1999, in [[Kargil]] war fighting with bravery in war with [[Pakistan]] Army.
== Politicians ==
*[[Maharaja Amarinder Singh|Amarinder Singh Sidhu]]: Former [[Chief Minister]] of [[Punjab]] (2002 - 2007)
*[[Chaudhary Bansi Lal]]: Former [[Chief Minister]] of [[Haryana]] (1927-2006)
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh]]: Former [[prime Minister]] of [[India]] (1902-1987)
*[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]: Former General Secretary of the Communist Party of [[India]] (1916- 2008)
*[[Parkash Singh Badal]]: Current Chief Minister of [[Punjab]] (born 19227)
*[[Pratap Singh Kairon]]: First Chief Minister of [[Punjab]] (901-1965)
*[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]: Current Governor of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] (born 1925)
*[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]: Current [[Chief Minister]] of [[Haryana]]
*[[Om Prakash Chautala]]: Leader of [[India]]n National Lok Dal. He has been [[Chief Minister]] of [[Haryana]] of the state, for record five times.

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[Page 87]: 
* [[Chaudhary Ajit Singh]]: A prominent [[Jat]] leader from Western [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. He is the son of former prime minister of [[India]] and [[Jat]] leader [[Choudhary Charan Singh]].
*[[Mahendra Singh Tikait]]: A popular leader of farmers from [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]].
*[[Sahib Singh Verma]]: He was an [[India]]n politician of the Bhartiya Janta Party. He served as [[Chief Minister]] of [[Delhi]] (1996-1998) and as member of parliament (1999-2004).
*[[Sajjan Kumar]]: [[India]]n politician belonging to the [[India]]n National Congress Party. He currently is a member of 14th [[Lok Sabha]] representing Outer [[Delhi]] constituency.
== Artists ==
*[[Bano Qudsia]]: Writer, intellectual, playwright
*[[Dharmendra]]: [[The Actors|Actor]]
*[[Gurdas Mann]]: Music
*[[Harbhajan Mann]]: [[The Actors|Actor]]
*[[Harbhajan Mann]]: Music
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[[Category:Jatland Library]]
[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Books on Jat History]]
[[Category:Jat History]]