Anantavarman Chodaganga
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Anantavarman Chodaganga (r. 1077–1150) was an Eastern Ganga monarch who reigned between 1077 CE to 1150 CE.[1] He was the ruler of the Kalinga region from river Ganga to Godavari,[2] and later the early medieval Odisha region with the incorporation of the constituent regions with the decline of the Somavamshis.[3][4] Anantavarman Chodaganga's son and successor was Jateshvara.
Variants
- Gangesvara Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva
- Chôdaganga
- Chodaganga
- Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva
- Chodaganga Deva
Life and reign
He was the son of Kalingadhipati Rajaraja Deva I alias Devendravarman and Kalinga Mahadevi Rajasundari and grandson of Trikalingadhipati Anantavarman Vajrahasta Deva V. Anantavarman's mother Rajasundari was the daughter of emperor Virarajendra Chola and granddaughter of Chola king Rajendra Chola I. However, historian S.N. Sen states that Anantavarman was the maternal grandson of Kulottunga I. The Jagannath Temple at Puri was rebuilt in the 11th century[5] atop its ruins by Anantavarman Chodaganga. He was known as the first Gajapati/Kunjaradhiparti as per Ronaki Stone inscription.[6]
Emperor Chodaganga was originally a Shaivite from Srimukhalingam. But he embraced Sri Vaishnavism under the influence of Sri Ramanuja when the latter visited the Sri Jagannath Puri temple.[7] In his Sindurapura grant (1118 A.D) Anantavarma styles himself Paramavaishnava. He re-established Kurmanathaswamy temple, Srikurmam after Sri Ramanujacharjya's visit to Kalinga.[8] Despite being related to Anantavarman, Kulothunga Chola I did not stop from burning Anantavarman's empire. Tamil historians propose that it was probably because the king failed to pay his rent for two consecutive years. He was ousted by Kulothunga's general Karunakara Thondaiman and this victory is detailed in the Tamil classic Kalingattupparani. However, this could be a far fetch from the actual truth considering that such poems often exaggerate the Kings they are praising and often overlook the defeats the Kings have faced. Monarchs from this region of the subcontinent regularly assumed the title Chodaganga Deva throughout the ancient and medieval periods to allude to their Chola and Eastern Ganga heritage. From various inscriptions it is known that King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva established the present temple some time near the end of the eleventh century. A copper plate inscription made by King Rajaraja III found on the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple near the north entrance states that Jagannath temple was built by Gangesvara, i.e., Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva.
Later, King Ananga Bhima Deva II (1170–1198) did much to continue the work of Chodaganga Deva, building the walls around the temple and many of the other shrines on the temple grounds. He is thus often considered one of the builders of the temple. He also did much to establish the regulations around the service to the Deity.
A scion of this dynasty made extensive donations to the Koneswaram temple, Trincomalee on Puthandu, 1223 CE in the name of King Chodaganga Deva. Shortly afterwards, the Konark temple was constructed in Odisha. A brother of the king titled Ulagaikonda Permadi is known to us from several inscriptions.[9]
Jat History
Kharod stone Inscription of Ratnadeva II : Chedi year 933 (1181 AD)[10] tells us that Chôdaganga was defeated by Ratnadeva (II) of the Kalchuri dynasty :
(V.8) He (Ratnadeva II) in battle deprived the king Chôdaganga (चोडगंग), the ruler of the Kalinga (कलिंग) country, the lord of elephants (and) the father of Jatēśvara (जटेश्वर), of his gold, horses and elephants.
(V.9) From him (Ratnadeva II) was (born) Prithvïdëva (पृथ्वीदेव) (II), by the mass of the radiance of jewels shining in the hair of whose head, the two lotus-like feet of the lord of Umâ were reddened. Being vanquished by him with the prowess of his arms, the king Jatësvara (जटेश्वर) was laid low on the ground .... among the prisoners dwelling in his jail
अनन्तवर्मन चोडगंग
अनन्तवर्मन चोडगंग (शासनकाल 1077–1150) पूर्वी गंगवंश का शासक था जिसने कलिंग के दक्षिणी भाग पर शासन किया। वह राजराजा देववर्मन और राजसुन्दरी का पुत्र था। राजसुन्दरी, वीरराजेन्द्र चोल की पुत्री थी। ११वीं शताब्दी में पुरी के जगन्नाथ मन्दिर का पुनर्निर्माण, पुराने मन्दिर के ऊपर, अनन्तवर्मन चोडगंग ने ही कराया था।
External links
References
- ↑ Tripathy, Dr. Kunjabihari (1972). "No 1 - Introduction". A Brief History of Oriya Literature. Vol. 1 -Part I. Berhampur-1, Ganjam ,Odisha: Bijoy Book Store. pp. e–f.
- ↑ Haldar, Narotam (1988). Gangaridi - Alochana O Parjalochana.
- ↑ Rajaguru, Satyanarayan (1960). Inscriptions of Orissa, Volume III, Part I. Bhubaneswar: Orissa Sahitya Akademi. pp. 174, 175.
- ↑ Walter Smith (1994). The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 26. ISBN 978-81-208-0793-8.
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ Cesarone, Bernard (2012). "Bernard Cesarone: Pata-chitras of Orissa". asianart.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012. This temple was built between approximately 1135-1150 by Codaganga
- ↑ Orissa (India). Public Relations Dept, Orissa (India). Home Dept. Orissa Review, Volume 44. Home Department, Government of Orissa, 1987. p. 56.
- ↑ Joanna Gottfried Williams. Kalādarśana: American Studies in the Art of India. BRILL, 1981 - Art, Indic - 183 pages. p. 39.
- ↑ Archaeological Survey of India, India. Dept. of Archaeology. Epigraphia Indica, Volume 30. Manager of Publications, 1987. p. 92.
- ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.533-543