Latvia
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Latvia (Latvian: Latvija) is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km).[2] Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers 64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi) and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
Before 1991, Latvia was one of the republics of erstwhile Soviet Union (USSR). Riga is the capital city of Latvia. Here is some basic information about Latvia:
Location
Latvia is a small country located in Northern Europe on the coast of the Baltic Sea. It is situated between Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, and Russia and Belarus to the east, with the Baltic Sea to the west.
Geography
Capital: Riga, the largest city in Latvia, which serves as a cultural, historical, and economic center.
Area: Approximately 64,589 square kilometers.
Population and Language
Population: About 1.8 million people.
Official Language: Latvian.
Minorities: Includes Russian-speaking minorities and others.
History: It was part of the Russian Empire, then gained independence after World War I (1918). It was occupied by the Soviet Union during World War II and regained independence in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Economy: Currency: Euro (€) since 2014. Main Sectors: Agriculture, light industries, information technology, and tourism.
Culture: Latvia is known for its rich culture, especially its traditional folk music. It hosts events like the Song and Dance Festival held every five years. It features historical landmarks such as the Old Town of Riga, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Nature: Latvia is rich in forests, rivers, and lakes, making it an ideal destination for nature lovers. Around 50% of its land is covered by forests.
People
The Latvians are Baltic people culturally related to the Estonians and Lithuanians, with the Latvian language having many similarities with Lithuanian, but not with the Estonian language (a Finno-Ugric language). Today the Latvian and Lithuanian languages are the only surviving members of the Baltic languages of the Indo-European family. The modern name of Latvia is thought to originate from the ancient Latvian name Latvji, which, like the name of Lithuania, may have originated from the river named Latuva.
History
The territory of Latvia has been populated since 9000 BC, after the Ice Age glaciers retreated. Around the beginning of the third millennium BC (3000 BC) the proto-Baltic ancestors of the Latvian people settled on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea.[1] The Balts established trade routes to Rome and Byzantium, trading local amber for precious metals.[2]
By 900 AD, four distinct Baltic tribes inhabited Latvia:
Couronians, Latgallians, Selonians, Semigallians (in Latvian: kurši, latgaļi, sēļi and zemgaļi), as well as the Livonians (lībieši) speaking a Finno-Ugric language.
There are five historical and cultural regions in Latvia. Their borders usually are not explicit definite and in several sources may vary:
Courland, Latgale, Vidzeme, Zemgale, Selonia,
Republican city in Latvia are: 1. Daugavpils, 2. Jekabpils, 3. Jelgava, 4. Jūrmala, 5. Liepāja, 6. Rēzekne, 7. Riga, 8. Valmiera, 9. Ventspils,
Source
Source - Atlas of History and Geography's Post, 28.1.2025
External links
References
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