Pendrawan

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Author: Laxman Burdak IFS (R)
Location Map of Pendrawan
Baloda Bazar district map

Pendrawan (पेंड्रावन) is a village in tahsil Bilaigarh of Baloda Bazar district in Chhattisgarh.

Variants

Jat Gotras Namesake

Location

Pendrawan is a Village in Bilaigarh Tehsil in Raipur District (Now Baloda Bazar) of Chattisgarh State, India. The nearest town is Bhatgaon, which is about 17 kilometers away from Pendrawan. It is located 145 KM towards East from District head quarters Raipur. Pendrawan Pin code is 493559 and postal head office is Sarsiwa. This Place is in the border of the Raipur District and Janjgir-champa District. Janjgir-champa District Nawagarh is North towards this place. [2]

History

Pendrabandh Plates Of Pratapamalla - (Kalachuri) Year 965 (=1214 AD)

No. 101 ; Plate LXXXIII
Pendrabandh Plates Of Pratapamalla - (Kalachuri) Year 965 (=1214 AD)

Source - Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.543-549

[p.543]: These plates were discovered in 1934 by Pandit Lochan Prasad Pandeya, Hon. Secretary of the Mahâkôsala Historical Society. They were found in the possession of Thakur Gokul Singh, Malguzar of Pêndrâbandh, a village (lat 20° 39' N, long 82° 57' E) in the Balôdâ Bazar tahsil of the Raipur District in the Chhattisgarh Division of Madhya Pradesh. The inscription was edited by me for the first time in the Epigraphia Indica, Vol XXIII, pp 1 ff. It is edited hère from the original plates and ink-impressions which I owe to the kindness of the Government Epigraphist for India.

The record is on two massive copper-plates measuring from 11-1/2" to 12" broad and from 7-1/2" to 8" high....The characters are Nâgarï.....

[p.544]: ....A figure following the addendum indicates the line where the ommitted syllable or word is to be supplied.1. .....

The language is Sanskrit. Except for om Vrahmanê namah in the first line and the particulars of date date and the place of issue in the last, the record is metrically composed throughout. The verses, of which there are twenty-nine, are all numbered, excep the last one. In the genealogical portion, only five of the verses1 are taken from the old draft the others appearing here for the first time. As regards orthography, we may note that v is generally written for b and the dental and palatal sibilants are confused, as in Vrahmane and Sivam in L.1 and dsid=âlima-, L. 16 , and y is used for j in Vâyapëja-, L.31

The inscription is one of the king Pratâpamalla who belonged to the Kalachuri Dynasty of Ratanpur. The object of it is to record the grant, by Pratâpamalla, of a certain village to a Bràhmana on the occasion of a sankrânti. The record was written by Pratirâja who was born in a Gauda family and was the light (i.e., the chief) of the Srî-karna or Record Office.

The genealogy of the king down to Prithvîdêva II is given here as in the latter's Amôdà plates,3 with the omission, obviously inadvertent, of one complete verse about Kamalaraja, the son of Kalingaraja. About Ratnadeva II, the father of Prithvîdêva II the present record gives the important information that he defeated Chodaganga (चोडगंग) and Gokarna (गोकर्ण) in battle. Several other records of this dynasty,4 no doubt, mention Ratnadëva II's defeat of Chodaganga, but that he was accompanied by an ally named Gokarna is known from this inscription only.

After Prithvîdêva II, the present inscription (Pendrabandh) mentions his son Jagaddeva, omitting the name of his brother Jâjalladéva II, probably because he was a collateral5 Jagaddëva was succeeded by his son Ratnadëva III, whose son Pratâpamalla made the present grant From the description given here that though a boy he was a second Bali in strength, it appears that Pratâpamalla came to the throne while quite young. He is evidently identical with the homonymous prince whose round or hexagonal copper coins are found in large numbers in Chhattisgarh. It is noteworthy that like the seal of the present plates these coins also bear the figure of a sheathed sword on the reverse.

Verses 15-18 give the genealogy and description of the donee and state the occasion of the grant. There was a Brâhmana named Suvarnakara of the Parashara gôtra and three pravarasy viz , Vasishtha, Sakti and Pârâsara. His son was Divâkara who was proficient in the Vëdas. From him was born Sâdhâra, whose son Satyasâdhâra6 was honoured by

1. See also above, p 327,11 3

2. Viz verses 1,2 and 4-6. Verse 5 is slightly altered, see below, p 546, n 2

3. Above, Nos. 91 and 94

4. Above, Nos. 93, L. 6, 97 L. 4, 100, L. 7 etc

5. Though a collateral he is mentioned in the Kharôd inscription of Ratnadëva III (above. No 100, L. 10).

6. It appears better to regard Satyasâdhâra as the son of Sâdhâra than to identify the two as I did before, see Ep Ind , Vol. XXIII, p 8, n 1

[p.545]: the Kalachuris. To Satyasâdhâra Pratapamalla gave a village named Kâyathâ (कायठा), situated in the Anargha-mandala on the occasion of the Makara-sanktânti. The last line States that the plates were issued from the victorious camp at Palasadâ (पलसदा) on Tuesday, the 10th day of the bright fortnight of Mâgha in the year 965 of an unspecified era. The tithi and the year are expressed in decimal figures only.

The date of this grant must evidently be referred to the Kalachuri era, but the détails do not work out regularly. The tenth tîthi of the bright fortnight of Mâgha in the expired Kalachuri year 965 fell on Thursday (the 23 rd January 1214 AC) and not on Tuesday. The same tithi in the current Kalachuri year 965 fell on Saturday (the 2nd February 1213 AC). In neither case was it connected with a Tuesday. The discrepancy can, however, be accounted for as follows. Though the grant was made on the day of the Makara-sankrànti, the plates were actually issued a few days later as in the case of the Kâvï plate1 of Jayabhata IV. The Makara-sankrânti in the expired Kalachuri year 965 fell on Wednesday, the eleventh tithi of the bright fortnight of Pausha (the 25th December 1213 A. C). The plates were, however, actually incised about a fortnight after, on the tenth tithi of the dark half of Mâgha which (if the month was pûrnimânta) fell on a Tuesday. The writer seems to have, by mistake, written su di for va di. The corresponding Christian date is, therefore, Tuesday, the 7th Januaty 1214 A.C.

As for the localities mentioned here, the mandala of Anargha (अनर्घ), as stated before,2 roughly corresponds to the modern Jânjgir tahsil of the Bilaspur District.

The village Kâyathâ (कायठा) is still extant in the form Kaithâ (कैथा), about 15 miles almost due west of Pendrabandh , and about 3 miles beyond the southern limit of the Jânjgir tahsîl.

As for Palasadâ (पलसदा) there are several villages named Parsadâ or Parsadi in the Balôdâ Bazâr tahsil, but the village where Pratâpamalla's camp was pitched may be Parsodi about a mile to the north of Kaithâ.

1 Above, No 23

2 Above, p 420

Translation
[p.548]

Ôm ! Adoration to Brahman !

(For a translation of vv. 1 — 2, see p. 428)

(Verse 3) From him (i.e., Kârtavîryyra) who surpassed the fame of Indra, were born on the earth many Haihayas, endowed with all excellences, who were lions to the elephants that were hostile kings and wish-fulfilling trees to suppliants. The kings, who were (born) in their family, became famous as Kalachuris in the Chedi country. (In their family) was born the king Kôkalladëva, who was a comet to the families of his enemies5

(For a translation of v 4., see that of v. 5 on p. 428.)

(V. 5) In (that) family was born their younger brother, Kalingarâja who exterminated hostile kings by the fire of his valour and who was the full moon to the day lotuses which were the faces of the beloveds of the mighty warriors of (his) wicked enemies.

(V. 6) Thereafter he6 begot 'Ratnarâja (I), whose face was like the moon, and who acquired a mass of religions merit by obliging the whole world , (and) who, destroying (his) enemies by the valour of the pair of his arms, spread his fame in the three worlds

(V 7) From him (i.e , Ratnarâja I) was born the king Prithvïdëva (I), whose prowess was like that of a tiger, (and) in the mirrors of whose nails was reflected a host of princes who bowed to him

(V 8) Then that illustrious king's son was Jâjalladëva (I) who, like the moon, was possessed of radiant complexion and majesty, (but) had no spots , who was a repository of good arts (as the moon is of digits) , who was endowed with an inestimable form (and) was virtuous (as the moon has a well-rounded form) , (and) who possessed all qualities and was an abode of all merits

(V 9) From him was born Ratnadëva (II) of incomparable valour, who, in battle, turned back Chôdaganga and Gokarna.

(V 10) Then was born to that king a son named Prithvîdëva (II), whose power extended to the bounds of the orb of the earth , who whitened the world with his lovely glory, as with a mass of snow ; who devoted himself to the extermination of his wrathful foes in battle, as a lion does (in the case of) infuriated elephants; (and) who was a destroyer of demons (i e , wicked people)

5. Ie, he caused their destruction

6. As the text stands, Ratnarâja I appears to be a son of Kalingaraja. But from several other records we know that Kalingaràja's son was Kamalarâja who was the father of Ratnarâja I

[p.549]

(V. 11) From him was born the king Jagaddeva, who possessed the prowess of a tiger and who destroyed the itch of fighting of all powerful kings

(V 12) His son was the illustrious king Ratnarâja (III), of wonderful fame, who was an excellent ornament of all Kalachuri kings , who filled the universe with the mass of his fame resembling a heap of blooming jasmine flowers , who destroyed all the hosts of hostile kings by the play of his massive aims, which were the masters of the orb of the earth to the (extreme) boundaries.

(V 13) Then was born his son the illustrious king Pratâpa, who has cleansed the circle of regions with the rolling waves of the ocean of (his) fame , who has surpassed the god of love by his (lovely) form , who is the sage (Agastya) in drying up the ocean of (hostile) kings , who is the crest-jewel of kings and at all times the philosopher's stone to poor people, panegyrists, Brâhmanas and multitudes of meritorious persons

(V 14) Pratâpamalla, (who is) of great intellect, the lord of the earth (and) the pre-eminent warrior of the world, who, though a boy, is a second Bali in strength, has made, by his arms, this wide earth (look) small

(V 15) There was a Brâhmana named Suvarnakara in the Pârâsara gotra with the three pravaras, Vasistha, Sakti and Pârâsara.

(V 16) He begot Divâkara, who was like the sun in this world and who, knowing the essence of the Vëdas, dispelled the darkness of ignorance on the earth

(V 17) From him was born a meritorious (son) who became well-known by the name of Sâdhâra, who was (reckoned as) the (most) meritorious among assemblages of meritorious persons (and as) beneficent among those who made gifts out of compassion for suppliants (and) who in form appeared like the mind-born (god of love) to the minds of ladies

(V 18) There is his son named Satyasâdhâra, the foremost among all people, who is famed for religions merit, who, has caused the purification of the people, whose intellect is proficient in Nyaya and who, being possessed of the whole multitude of merits has become venerable to the Kalachuri family

(V 19) To him Pratâpamalla gave, with a solemn declaration on the Makarasankrânti, a village (named) Kâyathâ (कायठा) (situated) in the Anargha-mandala (अनर्घ-मंडल).

(Here follow nine benedictive and imprecatory verses)

(V 20) This ocean of learning named Pratirâja of the Gauda family, the light (î e , Chief) of Srî-karana (Record Office), who entertains pure thoughts and is famous among all people, has written on (these) copper (plates) with clear letters

(Line 35) At the victorious camp pitched at Palasadâ (पलसदा), on Tuesday, the tenth (lunar) day of the bright (fortnight) of Mâgha in the year 965.

Seal The King, the illustrious Pratâpamalladêva,

Wiki editor Notes

  • Kaitholia (Jat clan) = Kâyathâ (कायठा) : Mentioned in Verse-19 of Pendrabandh Plates Of Pratapamalla - (Kalachuri) Year 965 (=1214 AD)....(V 19) To him (Satyasâdhâra) Pratâpamalla gave, with a solemn declaration on the Makarasankrânti, a village (named) Kâyathâ (कायठा) (situated) in the Anargha-mandala (अनर्घ-मंडल) (p.549)..... The village Kâyathâ (कायठा) is still extant in the form Kaithâ (कैथा), about 15 miles almost due west of Pendrabandh , and about 3 miles beyond the southern limit of the Jânjgir tahsîl (p.545).[5]

Notable persons

Population

External links

References

  1. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.543-549
  2. ↑ https://www.onefivenine.com/india/villages/Raipur/Bilaigarh/Pendrawan#google_vignette
  3. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.543-549
  4. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.543-549
  5. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.543-549
  6. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.543-549
  7. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.543-549
  8. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.543-549
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