Condrusi
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Condrusi were one of the peoples described by Julius Caesar as Germani Cisrhenani. They survived the Roman invasion and lived in what is now eastern Belgium, during the Roman period.[1]
Variants
Name
They are mentioned as Condrusos and Condrusi by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),[2] and as Condurses by Orosius (early 5th c. AD).[3][4]
The meaning of the name Condrusi is unclear. The prefix is most likely the Gaulish con-/com- ('with, together, as well'), and although the translation of the element -drus- is unknown, it is also generally regarded as Celtic.[5]
The Condroz region, attested as Pagus Condrustis on an inscription dated 150–160 AD,[6] and as pagus Condrustus in medieval documents, is named after the Germanic tribe.[7][8]
Geography
The Condrusi probably dwelt in the Condroz region, [9] an area of foothills situated northwest of the Ardennes, south and west of the Meuse, southwest of Liège and southeast of Namur.[10] Their territory, like that of the Segni, was located between that of the Treveri and Eburones.[11][12] At the time of Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), they lived as clients of the Treveri.[13] During the Roman period, the Pagus Condrustis was one of the subdivisions of the civitas Tungrorum, founded ca. 10 BC as a Roman military base.[14]
The oldest known definitions of the medieval pagus of Condroz also included the region of neighbouring Famenne. Contrary to the late medieval archdeaconries of Condroz and Fammene, the early medieval pagus Condrustis did not encompass the deaneries of St Remacle, Hanret, or Chimay.[15]
External links
References
- ↑ Dietz, Karlheinz (2006). "Condrusi". Brill's New Pauly.
- ↑ Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico, 2:4; 6:32
- ↑ Orosius. Historiae Adversus Paganos, 6:7:14
- ↑ Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236. entry 1967.
- ↑ von Petrikovits 1999: "Für die ältere Schicht ethnischer Namen, die Caesar anführt, der der G. C., ergibt sich aus den Untersuchungen G. Neumanns, daß von den zu behandelnden sieben VN drei sicher keltisch sind (Caerosi, Condrusi und Eburones), vier dagegen unklar sind (Aduatuci, Caemani, Segni und Tungri)."
- ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, VII:1073
- ↑ Wightman, Edith M. (1985). Gallia Belgica. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-05297-0. p. 31.
- ↑ von Petrikovits 1999, p. 93.
- ↑ Busse, Peter E. (2006). "Belgae". In Koch, John T. (ed.). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 195–200. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0. p. 199
- ↑ Charlier, Marie-Wightman 1985, p. 31.(2013), "Pagus Condrustis : le Condroz à l'époque romaine", Meuse et Ardenne, 45: 94
- ↑ Wightman 1985, p. 31.
- ↑ Dietz 2006.
- ↑ Dietz 2006.
- ↑ Charlier 2013, pp. 92–93.
- ↑ Roland, Charles Gustave (1920), "Les pagi de Lomme et de Condroz et leurs subdivisions" (PDF), Annales de la Société ar