Dhavashandika
| Author: Laxman Burdak IFS (R) |
Dhavashandika (धावशांडिक) was an ancient village Katni district in Madhya Pradesh.
Location
Variants
- Dhavashandika (धावशांडिक) (म.प्र.) (AS, p.465)
History
धावशांडिक
धावशांडिक (म.प्र.) (AS, p.465) - धावशांडिक नामक ग्राम की पुष्टि अभिलेख के आधार पर मध्य प्रदेश में होती है। खोह नामक स्थान से प्राप्त एक गुप्त कालीन अभिलेख (496 ई.) में महाराज जयनाथ द्वारा भागवत मंदिर के प्रयोजनार्थ प्रदत्त इस ग्राम का उल्लेख है। एक विष्णु मंदिर की स्थापना कुछ ब्राह्मणों ने धावशांडिक स्थान पर की थी।[1]
खोह
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[2] ने लेख किया है ....खोह (AS, p.260-61) मध्य प्रदेश में नागोद के निकट स्थित एक ऐतिहासिक स्थान है। इस स्थान से गुप्त कालीन ताम्रपत्रों और दानपत्रों पर लिखे अभिलेख प्राप्त हुए हैं। इन दानपत्र अभिलेखों में ब्राह्मणों एवं मन्दिरों के नाम दान आदि दिये जाने का उल्लेख है। इन अभिलेखों में महाराज हस्तिन द्वारा वसुंतरशांडिक नामक ग्राम का गोपस्वामिन व अन्य ब्राह्मणों को ग्राम दान का उल्लेख है। इसकी तिथि 475 ई. है।
एक दूसरे दानपत्र में महाराज हस्तिन द्वारा कोर्पारिक ग्राम के दान में दिए जाने का उल्लेख है, यह दानपत्र 482 ई.का है।
तीसरे दानपत्र में 528 ई. में संक्षोभ द्वारा ओपानी ग्राम के पिष्ठपुरी देवी (लक्ष्मी) के मन्दिर को दान का उल्लेख है। इसी लेख में महाराज हस्तिन को डाभाल प्रदेश का शासक बताया गया है। जे.एफ.फ्लीट के मत में यह प्रदेश बुन्देलखण्ड का इलाक़ा है जिसे डाहल भी कहते हैं.
खोह से ही महाराज जयनाथ तथा उनके पुत्र महाराज सर्वनाथ के भी कई दानपत्र प्राप्त हुए हैं। प्रथम पट्ट 496 ई. उच्छकल्प से प्रचलित किया गया था. इसमें धवशांडिक ग्राम का भागवत (विष्णु) के मंदिर के लिए दान में दिए जाने का उल्लेख है. मंदिर की स्थापना ब्राह्मणों ने इस ग्राम में की थी. दूसरा दानपट्ट 512 ई. में लिखा गया था. इसमें महाराज सर्वनाथ द्वारा तमसा तटवर्ती आश्रमक नामक गांव का विष्णु तथा सूर्य के मंदिरों के लिए दान में दिए जाने का उल्लेख है. तमसा नदी मैहर की पहाड़ियों से निकलती है. तीसरा दानपट्ट (तिथि रहित) भी उच्छकल्प से प्रचलित किया गया था. इसमें महाराज सर्वनाथ द्वारा धवशांडिक ग्राम के अर्ध भाग को पिष्ठपुरिका देवी के मंदिर के लिए दान में दिए जाने का उल्लेख है. चौथा और पांचवां दानपट्ट भी महाराज सर्वनाथ
[p.261]: से ही संबंधित है. चौथे का विवरण नष्ट हो गया है. पांचवें में सर्वनाथ द्वारा मांगिक पेठ में स्थित व्याघ्रपल्लिक तथा काचरपल्लिक नामक ग्रामों का पिष्ठपुरिका देवी के मंदिर के लिए दान में दिए जाने का उल्लेख है. इसकी तिथि 533 ई. है इसमें जिस मानपुर का उल्लेख है वह स्थान फ्लीट के मत में सोन नदी के पास स्थित ग्राम मानपुर है. खोह के दानपट्ट से गुप्त कालीन शासन-व्यवस्था के अतिरिक्त उस समय की धार्मिक पद्धतियों एवं तत्कालीन सामाजिक स्थिति एवं धार्मिक विश्वास पर प्रकाश पड़ता है।
Khoh Copper-plate Inscription of Maharaja Jayanatha (496-497 CE)
- Hail! From Uchchakalpa;— (There was) the Mahârâja Ôghadêva. His son, who meditated on his feet, (was) the Mahârâja Kumâradêva, begotten on the Mahâdêvi Kumâradêvi. His son, who meditated on his feet, (was) the Mahârâja Jayasvâmin, begotten on the Mahâdêvi Jayasvâmini. His son, who meditated on his feet, (was) the Mahârâja Vyâghra, begotten on the Mahâdêvi Râmadêvi.
- (Line 4.)— His son, who meditates on his feet, the Mahârâja Jayanâtha, — begotten on the Mahâdêvi Ajjhitadêvi,— being in good health, issues a command to the cultivators, beginning with the Brâhmans, and to the artisans, at (the village of) Dhavashandikâ:—
- (L. 6.)— "Be it known to you that, for the purpose of increasing my own religious merit, (and) for the benefit of the feet of the Divine One, this village is granted by me, as an agrahâra of the god, to continue for the same time with the moon and the sun, to the Divira Sarvavâdha, of the Shâsâtanêya (gôtya) (?), and his son the Bhâgavata Ganga, and his sons Rankabôta and Ajagaradâsa. And the increase of their own religious merit should be effected by the succession of (their) sons, [sons' sons], sons of sons' sons, sons of the latter, &c., by repairing whatever may become broken or torn, and by attending to the maintenance of the bali, charu, sattra, and other (such rites), of the feet of the Divine One, established here by these persons.
- (L. 11) — "You yourselves shall render to these persons the offering of the tribute of the customary duties, royalties, taxes, gold, &c., and shall be obedient to (their) commands.
- (L. 12.)— "And those kings who shall be born in Our lineage,— by them this grant should not be confiscated, (but) should be assented to; (and), with the exception of fines imposed on thieves, the tribute of the taxes which by custom should not belong to the king, should not be taken; and (this grant) should be preserved from time to time.
- (L. 14.)— "And whosoever may confiscate this grant,— he shall become invested with (the guilt of) the five great sins and the minor sins."
- (L. 15.)— And it has been said in the Mahâbhârata by the venerable Vyâsa, the arranger of the Vêdas,— "O Yudhishthira, best of kings, carefully preserve land that has been given, whether by thyself or by another; (verily) the preservation (of a grant) (is) more meritorious than making a grant! As a rule, indeed, no inauspicious condition is experienced by kings; but they are purified for ever, when they bestow land! The giver of land enjoys happiness in heaven for sixty thousand years; (but) the confiscator (of a grant), and he who assents (to an act of confiscation), shall dwell for the same number of years in hell! The earth has been enjoyed by many kings, commencing with Sagara; whosoever at any time possesses the earth, to him belongs, at that time, the reward (of this grant that is now made, if he continue it)! He who confiscates land, rich in all (kinds of) grains, (that has been granted),— he becomes a worm in ordure, and sinks (into hell), together with his ancestors!"
- (L. 21.)— In a century of years, increased by seventy-seven, on the twenty-second day of the month Chaitra, (this charter) has been written by the Sâmdhivigrahika Gallu, the grandson of the Bhôgika, the Amâtya Phalgudatta, (and) the son of the Bhôgika Varâhadinna. The Dûtaka (is) the Uparika, Dîkshita, householder, and chief of architects, Sharvadatta.
- (L. 23.)— The boundaries in this matter (are),—in the direction of Dhânyavâhika, a boundary-trench and a bridge; — in the direction of Durgamandala, a bridge; — in the direction of Suvarnakakshaka, (partly) the place where the reeds grow by the cattle-path, and partly a bridge; — in the direction of Âmuka, a boundary-trench;— in the direction of Dâramandala, a bridge;— (and) in the direction of the district at the entrance of Vakravana, a bridge;— (then the boundaries) enter the village (again) at the well.
- From: Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 123-125.
Note - Uchchakalpa - Unchehara of present times was earlier known as Uchchakalpa. Being at a higher elevation compared to surroundings, it was called ``Uchchakalpa’’. Earlier, Uchchakalpa was made capital of the Nagod State.
Khoh Copper-plate Inscription of the Maharaja Sharvanatha
- Ôm! Hail! From Uchchakalpa; — (There was) the Mahârâja Ôghadêva. His son, who meditated on his feet, (was) the Mahârâja Kumâradêva, begotten on the Mahâdêvi Kumâradêvî. His son, who meditated on his feet, (was) the Mahârâja Jayasvâmin, begotten on the Mahâdêvî Jayasvâminî. His son, who meditated on his feet, (was) the Mahârâja Vyâghra, begotten on the Mahârâja Jayanâtha, begotten on the Mahâdêvi Ajjhitadêvî.
- (Line 5.)— His son, who meditates on his feet, the Mahârâja Sharvanâtha,— begotten on the Mahâdêvî Murundasvâminî,— being in good health, issues a command to the cultivators, beginning with the Brâhmans, and to the artisans, in half of (the village of) Dhavashandikâ in the Vôta santika: —
- (L. 8.)— "Be it known to you that this half village is, by (this) copper-plate charter, given to Chhôdugômika, [to be enjoyed] by the succession of him and (his) sons, sons' sons, sons of the latter, &c.,— to endure for the same time with the moon and the sun; with the udranga and the uparikara; (with the privilege that it is) not to be entered by the irregular or the regular troops; with remission of all the taxes; (and) with such tribute as may accrue. And it is agreed by him (and) by me, that it is granted for the purpose of the repairs, by the above-mentioned succession (of him and his descendants), of whatever may become broken or torn, belonging to the divine goddess Pishtapurikâdêvî, and for the maintenance of the bali, charu, and sattra.
- (L. 13.)— "You yourselves shall render to these persons the offering of the tribute of the customary royalties, taxes, gold, &c., and shall be obedient to (their) commands.
- (L. 15.)—"And those kings who shall be born in Our lineage,— by them this grant should not be confiscated, (but) should be assented to."
- (The rest of this inscription, on the second plate, is not forthcoming.)
- From: Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 131-132.
Notes - 1. Dhavashandikâ (धवशाण्डिक) - Village granted for the worship of Bhagwat (Vishnu)
2. Murundasvâminî - Mahârâja Sharvanâtha has been written begotten on the Mahâdêvî Murundasvâminî. This queen obviously belongs to Moond Jats who are written as Murunda in Sanskrit.