Glauchukayanaka

Glauchukayanaka (ग्लौचुकायनक) or Glaukanikoi (ग्लौकनिकोइ) was a kingdom mentioned by Panini (IV.3.99).

Variants

• Glaukanikoi
• Glausai or Glaukanikoi (Glaucukayana).
• Glauchukayanaka (ग्लौचुकायनक)
• Glaukanikoi (ग्लौकनिकोइ)
• Glauchukāyanakas (ग्लौचुकायनक) ( of Kashika)

Jat Gotras Namesake

• Gal (Jat clan) → Glausai or Glaukanikoi of Buddha Prakash (Glaucukayana). , Glauchukayanaka (ग्लौचुकायनक) of Panini(IV.3.99).

History

Vasudeva Saran Agrawala mentions ....According to Greek writers Punjab was full of towns, centres of Industry and economic prosperity. Many of these figured as forts of centres of defence such as the famous town of Massage (Maśkāvatī) or Aornos (Varṇā) in the country of Ashvakas.

The free clan called the Glaukanikoi (identical with the Glauchukāyanakas of Kashika on Panini (IV.3.99) whose country lay in the fertile and populous regions lying in the south of Kashmir (the Bhimber and Rajauri districts) between the upper courses of the Jhelum and Chenab and the Ravi River, had as many as 37 cities, the smallest of which contained not less than 5000 inhabitants and up to 10000. Strabo affirms that in the territories of nine nations situated between Jhelum and Beas, such as the Malloi, Oxydrakai and others, there were as many as 500 cities.

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Buddha Prakash mentions ....We have seen how a populous and urbanized society was emerging in the Panjab out of the remnants of tribal-cum-territorial groups as a result of the progress of trade, industry, and money-economy and the growth of contacts and intercourse among peoples of various parts of the world under Achaemenian rule. Strabo relates that, between the Jhelum and the Beas, there were as many as 500 cities. Arrian gives their number as 2,000, but they may have included many small towns and even villages. He states that in the kingdom of the Glaukanikoi, between the upper courses of the Jhelum, the Chenab and the Ravi, the smallest of the cities contained no less than 5,000 inhabitants while many contained upwards of 10,000. From this one can conjecture that the population of the region was over half a million.

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Buddha Prakash mentions ....To the north of Poros lay the realm of the king of Abhisara, comprising the Poonch, Rajori, Chibhal and Naoshera regions and encompassing almost the whole of Kashmira, as M’Crindle suggests. Its energetic king was quick in his diplomatic moves and had relations both with the Ashvakayana king of Mashakavati as well as the redoubtable Poros. Near him, in the Bhimber and Bajaur districts, to the south of Kashmira, was the flourishing kingdom of the Glausai or Glaukanikoi (Glaucukayana) with 37 big cities, the smallest containing not fewer than 5,000 inhabitants while many containing upwards of 10,000, and numerous big villages not less populous than the towns. These people maintained their independence in the face of the rising power of Poros.