Buddha Prakash

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)

Dr Buddha Prakash (डॉ. बुद्ध प्रकाश) was a historian of repute. He is author of the book Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, Prof Kurukshetra University, Published by Punjabi University Patiala, 1971. Available online.

His works

  • Aspects of Indian history and civilization by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1965
  • Bhāratīya dharma evaṃ saṃskr̥ti by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1967
  • Eśiyā ke sāmājika aura sāṃskr̥tika itihāsa kī rūparedhā. by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1971
  • Eśiyā ke sāmājika aura sāṃskṛtika itihāsa kī rūparekhā by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1971
  • Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, by Buddha Prakash, Prof Kurukshetra University, Published by Punjabi University Patiala, 1971.
  • Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Punjab by Buddha Prakash, First published in 2001
  • Glimpses of ancient Panjab. by Buddha Prakash First published in 1966
  • Glimpses of Hariyana. by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1967
  • Hariyana through the ages. by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1970
  • History of Poros by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1967
  • India and the world: researches in India's policies, contacts, and relationships with other countries and peoples of the world. by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1964
  • Itihāsa-darśana [Prathama saṃskaraṇa] by Buddha Prakash
  • Political and social movements in ancient Panjab (from the Vedic age upto [sic] the Maurya period) by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1964
  • Political and social movements in ancient Panjab: from the Vedic age upto [sic] the Maurya period by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1976
  • Political and Social Movements in Ancient Punjab, 30.9.2008
  • Rgveda and the Indus Valley civilization, 1st ed.]. by Buddha Prakash
  • Studies in Asian history and culture: presented to Dr. B. R. Chatterji on his eightieth birthday. by Bijan Raj Chatterjee and Buddha Prakash, First published in 1970
  • Studies in Indian history and civilization by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1962
  • The modern approach to history by Buddha Prakash, First published in 1963

Jat History

Hukum Singh Panwar[1] writes: Consequently, the Saka tribes, viz. the Meds, Parthians, Dahae, Massagetae, Tokharis, who, according to Buddha Prakash were Jats.

Dr Buddha Prakash maintains that, based on the evidence of Kalidasa's Raghuvamsha, Raghu defeated the Hunas on river Vamkshu (Raghu vamsha 4.68), and then he marched against the Kambojas (4.69–70). These Kambojas were of Iranian affinities who lived in Pamirs and Badakshan. Xuanzang calls this region Kiumito which is thought to be Komdei of Ptolemy and Kumadh or Kumedh of Muslim writers (See: Studies in Indian History and Civilization, Agra, p 351; India and the World, 1964, p 71, Dr Buddha Prakash; India and Central Asia, 1955, p 35, P. C. Bagch).

Buddha Prakash connects Yugandhara with modern Jagadhari in Punjab. [2]

Jat gotra Rohila: Buddha Prakash[3] mentions.... [p.104]: Foremost among the tribes, who took up the struggle against the Saka-Kushanas, were the Yaudheyas. They were akin to the Iranian tribe Yautiya, who figured in the volkerwanderung

[p.105]: of peoples which brought the Medes and Persians into Iran about the 9th-8th century B. C. Driven forward by the Medes, these people bifurcated into two wings, the right one pushing north-west- wards up to Transcaspiana and the left one wheeling towards the south-east and penetrating into the Panjab. In the sixth century B. C. their chief Vahyazdata posed a challenge before the Achaemenian emperor Darius by capturing the Kabul Valley, but was defeated by the governor of Harahvatis, Vivana.

Along with the Yautiya the warrior clans of the Hindukush region, called ‘the ten mandalas of Lohita’ in the Mahabharata (II, 27, 17) and Rohitagiriya in the Kashika (IV, 3, 91), who gave their name Roh to medieval Afghanistan, also seem to have moved cast. The name of the township of Rohitaka or Rohtak in Hariyana appears to enshrine a reminiscence of their settlement. The name of a Jat gotra Rohila also suggests that these people are connected with the ancient Rohitas or Rohs who had come to East Panjab. Subsequently they moved into Rajasthana where we come across the name Rohilladdhi in the Jodhpur inscription of Bauka. In medieval times they settled in the Transgangetic region of Uttar Pradesha which came to be known as Rohilkhand after them. That the Rohitas (Ruhilas of medieval times) moved with the Yautiya becomes clear from the existence of the settlements of both of them in the same region of Hariyana.

Chibs: Buddha Prakash[4] mentions ....The Shibis (Siboi) lived between the Indus and the Jhelum, their capital, Shivapura, lying just above the confluence of the Jhelum with the Chenab in the Jhang district. They had also spread upto Sind, where Sehwan indicates their settlement, and passed on to Baluchistan where the station of Sibi, between Sukkar and Quetta, reminds us of their habitation. This triangular tract of land with Sibi in Baluchistan, Sehwan in Sind and Shivipura in Jhang came to be occupied and populated by them. According to Curtius they dressed themselves with the skins of wild beasts and had clubs for their weapons (M’Crindle, Op. cit p, 232) which shows that they had not crossed the primitive tribal stage. They seem to have gone there from their habitat in eastern Panjab. Their modern descendants seem to be the Chibs.

Joon: Buddha Prakash[5] mentions....[p.109]: The Yaudheya coins of the late second and first centuries B.C. resemble those of the Arjunayanas which not only shows their contemporaneity but also suggests their collaboration in the task of fighting the Yavanas. The coins of the Arjunayanas are of several varieties. In variety A the obverse shows a bull to left, apparently standing on a hill, and the reverse has a standing goddess, probably Lakshmi, between a linga symbol and a tree and the legend ajnāyanana. On the obverse of variety B the bull, which looks more like an elephant with uplifted trunk, is to right before a tree in railing and, on the reverse, another bull faces a linga symbol and the legend is

[p.110]: ajunayananajaya. The third variety has a ball in the obverse and a svastika with taurine symbols at the end of arms and a branch or palm leaf and the legend janayana on the inverse recalling some Yaudheya coins. These coins show that these people were devotees of Shiva and adopted his symbols of linga, and nandi on their coins. They are mentioned in the Arthashastra of Kautilya as prājjūnaka together with Gandharas and are referred to as Prārjuna and Arjunayana in the Allahabad inscription of Samudragupta. Varahamihira counts them among northern peoples.

From the findspots of coins, it can be gathered that they occupied the tract between the triangle Delhi-Jaipur-Agra, but they must have lived in Hariyana and East Panjab also as the gotra name Juna (Joon) among the Jats of this region, which is obviously reminiscent of these people, suggests.

Their very name shows that they connected themselves with the Pandava hero Arjuna.

Jat (जात → जाट): Bhim Singh Dahiya[6] writes ....Now let us see how, त (t) of Gitta (ग़ित्त) becomes ' ट ' (T) of Giṭṭa (गिट्ट) This change of dental surd into a cerebral is very common in Prakrit language. Everybody knows how Pattan (पत्तन) becomes Paṭṭan (पट्टन) , in the name Anhillapaṭṭan. Grammarian Vararuchi in his Prakrtaprakasha, formulated a special rule for the change of त (t) into ट (ṭ) (III, 23). Hemachandra also gives examples of ट (t) (III,23). Hemachandra also gives examples of this change of dental into a cerebral, viz., Tagara → Ṭagara, Trasara → Ṭasara, ṭuvara → tuvara. [7] It is this manner that Jat becomes Jaṭ (जात → जाट).

Yaudheyas: Buddha Prakash[8] mentions....At Sidipur Lova, Kisrenhati, Karauntha, Bhiwani etc. also coins of Vasudeva have been discovered with those of the Yaudheyas.

Dahiya and Joon: Dr Natthan Singh writes quoting Dr Buddha Prakash that the Yaudheyas are related with present Dahiya clan and Arjunayana Ganasanghas were the present Joon clans. [9]

Dahiya: Buddha Prakash[10] mentions The modern descendants of the Yaudheyas are the Dahiya and Dheya Jats of Hariyana and the Juhiyas spread up to Bahawalpur and Jaisalmer, called Juhiyabar after their name. The Dahiyas carved out separate kingdoms for themselves at Maroth and Parbatsar in Rajasthana. Cunningham identified the Janjuhas or Januhas, living in the district of Potawar, between the Indus and the Jhelum, with the Yaudheyas which shows that they had spread up to West Panjab also (A. Cunningham, Later Indo-Scythians, p. 98).

Thus it is clear that the Yaudheyas were the dominant power in parts of western U.P., Delhi, Hariyana, East Panjab and parts of Rajasthana and even dashed up to West Panjab.

Shibi: Buddha Prakash[11] writes....Along with the Yaudheyas some other peoples of the Panjab, who had migrated to Rajasthana, distinguished themselves in the struggle with the Kushanas. Among them, the Shibis, settled at Madhyamika near Chitor, and the Malavas, occupying Vagarchal in the Jaipur division and extending over Ajmer-Tonk-Mewar region, are noteworthy.

Bishnoi Jat: Buddha Prakash[12] mentions ....Another people to rise in northern Panjab were the Vrishnis (modern Bishnoi).

Gallery

External Links

The book Poros the Great by historian Buddha Prakash, can be read in PDF format, at the following link - http://www.nalandainternational.org/images/allarticles/pdf/poros.pdf

References

  1. ↑ The Jats:Their Origin, Antiquity and Migrations/The identification of the Jats,p.314
  2. ↑ Buddha Prakash, Political and Social Movements in Ancient Punjab, p. 110.
  3. ↑ Buddha Prakash: Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, X. The Struggle with the Yavanas, Sakas and Kushanas, p.104-105
  4. ↑ Buddha Prakash:Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, VIII. The Resistance to the Macedonian Invasion, p.74
  5. ↑ Buddha Prakash: Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, X. The Struggle with the Yavanas, Sakas and Kushanas, p.109-110
  6. ↑ Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/The Jats,p.15
  7. ↑ Buddha Prakash, Studies in Ancient Indian History and Civilisation, p. 405. ,p.259
  8. ↑ Buddha Prakash: Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, X. The Struggle with the Yavanas, Sakas and Kushanas, p.107
  9. ↑ Dr Natthan Singh, Jat-Itihas, (Jat History), Jat Samaj Kalyan Parishad, F-13, Dr Rajendra Prasad Colony, Tansen marg, Gwalior, M.P, India 474 002 2004
  10. ↑ Buddha Prakash: Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, X. The Struggle with the Yavanas, Sakas and Kushanas, p.109
  11. ↑ Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, X. The Struggle with the Yavanas, Sakas and Kushanas, p.114
  12. ↑ Buddha Prakash:Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, VIII. The Resistance to the Macedonian Invasion, p.113-114

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