Chachigadeva

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)

Chachigadeva (r. c. 1257-1282 CE) was a king belonging to the Chauhan dynasty, who ruled the area around Javalipura (present-day Jalore in Rajasthan). He maintained the borders of his ancestral kingdom intact, and achieved military successes against some neighbouring princes. He is most notable for issuing the Sundha Hill prashasti inscription, which provides historically valuable information about his ancestors.

Variants

History

Chachigadeva was the eldest son of his predecessor Udayasimha and queen Prahaladava-devi.[1] According to the 1284 CE Budhatra (Jodhpur) inscription of his daughter Rupadevi, he was also known as "Chacha".[2]

Inscriptions of Chachigadeva

Several inscriptions from Chachigadeva's reign have been discovered. These include:[3]

  • 1262 CE Sundha Hill inscription: notable for containing an account of the Chahamana rulers of Javalipura and their ancestors in Naddula
  • 1266 CE Jalore inscription
  • 1269 CE Sewari inscription (issued at Kareda)
  • 1276 CE Ratanpur inscription
  • Four Bhinmal inscriptions: 1271 CE, 1274 CE, 1277 CE, and 1278 CE

The inscriptions usually give his title as Maharajadhiraja ("king of great kings") or Maharajakula. The Ratanpur inscription describes him as a Mahamandeshvara-raja.[4] According to the 1274 CE Bhinmal inscription, his title was "Rajadhiraja" (king of kings); the 1277 CE inscription gives his title as "Maharajakula".[5]

Jakha or Jakahadeva was the prime minister of Chachigadeva, as attested by the 1266 CE Jalore and the 1276 CE Ratanpur inscriptions.[6]

Military career

Chachigadeva appears to have maintain a sovereign status and the territory inherited from his father.[7] The Sundha Hill inscription poetically describes him as "destroying the roaring Gurjara lord Virama, hating the enemy Salya, taking exquisite delight in felling the shaking (or leaping) Pātaka, depriving of his colour Sanga, and a thunderbolt to the mountain - the furious Nahara".[8]

Virama can be identified with the Vaghela prince Virama-deva, who was married to Chachigadeva's sister. Virama and his brother Visala-deva both wanted the Vaghela throne after the death of their father. The Vaghela minister Vastupala supported Visala, because of which Virama was forced to flee the Vaghela kingdom. Virama took shelter with his in-laws, but the Chahamanas wanted to maintain good relations with the Vaghelas. Therefore, Chachigadeva treacherously murdered Virama. This event probably happened while Chachigadeva was still a prince.[9]

Salya was probably Salha, a ruler of the Chahamana branch of Sanchore and a distant cousin of Chachigadeva. Their fourth-generation ancestors - Kirtipala and Vijayasimha - were brothers. Sanchore is known to have been controlled by Chachigadeva's father Udayasimha. It is possible that Salha tried to assert his sovereignty, because of which he and Chachigadeva became enemies.[10]

Patuka has been identified as Pratapa-simha of Abu by Dasharatha Sharma. D. R. Bhandarkar, on the other hand, identified him as a cousin of Chachigadeva (a son of Udayasimha's brother Manavasimha).[11]

Bhandarkar identified Sanga Sangana, a ruler of Vanthali, by Bhandarkar.[12] Dasharatha Sharma opposes this theory, arguing that Chachigadeva was a child at the time of Sangana's death.[13]

Personal life

According to the 1284 CE inscription, Chachigadeva's wife was Lakshmi-devi. The couple had a daughter named Rupa-devi, who married the king Teja-simha (possibly a Guhila ruler, according to G. H. Ojha).[14]

According to the 17th century chronicle Nainsi ri Khyat, Chachigadeva had three sons: Samantasimha (his successor), Chahadadeva, and Chandra.[15]

Chachigadeva's successor was Samantasimha, who was probably his son, although the relationship between these two persons is not certain.[16]

Cultural activities

The Sundha Hill inscription states that Chachigadeva waived some taxes at Shrimala (Bhinmal). At Ramasainya (modern Ramseen), he donated funds for the temple of the deity Vigrahaditya.[17] For the temple of the gold Aparajitesha, he commissioned a golden cupola, a silver girdle, a hall, a ratha studded with precious stones, and a flag staff. He worshipped the goddess Aghateshvari (Chamunda) at Sugandhadri (modern Sundha Hill), and commissioned a mandapa at her temple.[18]

He also patronized Jainism: he granted a village to a Parshvanatha shrine at Karaheda. The Sundha Hill prashasti (eulogy) of his family was composed by a Jain yati (monk).[19]

Jat History

Sanskrit Text
स्फूर्जद्-वीरम-गूर्जरेश-दलनो य: शत्रु-शल्यं द्विषंश्-
चञ्चत-पातुक-पातनैकरसिक: संगस्य रंगापह:
उन्माद्दन्-नहराचलस्य कुलिशाकर:.... (Verse-50)

Sundha hill Inscription of Chachigadeva of V.S.1319 (A.D. 1262) was found on the Sundha Hill, a site of Sundhamata Temple in Bhinmal tehsil of Jalore district situated in the mid-east of Malwara to Jaswantpura Road near Dantlawas village. It mentions Naharachala (नहराचल) in verse-50.

Epigraphia Indica Vol.IX By Kielhorn [20] gives translation of verse-50 as under:

(18.) His (Udayasimha's) son Chachigadeva (vv. 47-57). He in verse 50 is described as 'destroying the roaring Gurjara lord Virama, hating the enemy Salya, taking exquisite delight in felling the shaking (or leaping) Pātuka, depriving of his colour Sanga, and a thunderbolt to the mountain the furious Nahara.

Dasharatha Sharma[21] writes that The "furious Nahara" of the inscription, again, is equally unidentifiable. But we know from Jat history above that नहराचल means Nehra Mountain. There is a mountain in Jhunjhunu called Nehra Pahad which in Sanskrit is called नहराचल. Thus Nehras were rulers in Vikram Samvat 1319 (1262 AD).

References

  1. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979). The Chahamanas of Jalor. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. OCLC 12737199.p.16
  2. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 30.
  3. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, pp. 25–27.
  4. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9780842606189. OCLC 3624414.
  5. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 26.
  6. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 27.
  7. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 157.
  8. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 27.
  9. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 28.
  10. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 29.
  11. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, pp. 156–157
  12. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 30.
  13. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 157
  14. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, pp. 30–31.
  15. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 158.
  16. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 32.
  17. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 31.
  18. ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 31.
  19. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 158.
  20. ↑ Epigraphia Indica Vol.IX By Kielhorn, pp.70-83
  21. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma:"Early Chauhan Dynasties", p.177
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