Hyderabad Sindh

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Location of Hyderabad

Hyderabad (Hindi: हैदराबाद, Urdu: حیدرآباد) is a city and a district of Sindh province, Pakistan.

Location

The city is situated on the banks of Sindh River. Main railway line connecting Karachi and Lahore crosses this city. It is the second largest city of Sindh province, after Karachi. Local people call it "Hyderabad Sindh" and they call the Indian city of Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh), as "Hyderabad Deccan".

Located 110 kms from important archaeological digs investigating the pre-Harappan settlement of Amri, the region holds extreme importance for archaeologists the world over. Amri, an archaeological site dating back to 3600 BC, 110 kms from the city, is the remains of a pre-Harrapan fortified town.

Variants

Founders

Hyderabad was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon the ruins of a Mauryan (Nehras) fishing village along the bank of the Indus River known as Neroon Kot (Sindhi: نيرُون ڪوٽ).

Tahsils in the District

The district is administratively subdivided into the following talukas:


History

Hyderabad city of Pakistan was founded by Nehra Jats. Nehras were rulers of Nehrun state in Sindh at the time of attack on Sindh by Muhammad bin Qasim in 710. Present Hyderabad (Pakistan) city was settled on the land of Nehrun. The Hyderabad city was then named Nehrun Kot and was called the heart of the Mehran. [1]

Formerly the capital of Sindh, it serves as the headquarters of the district of Hyderabad. The last Battle of Amir Talpor and the British took place in the city in 1843.

In AD 711, Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and the Indus Valley, bringing South Asian societies into contact with Islam. Raja Dahir was a Hindu king who ruled over a Buddhist majority and that Chach of Alor and his kin were regarded as usurpers of the earlier Buddhist Rai Dynasty.[2][3] This view is questioned by those who note the diffuse and blurred nature of Hindu and Buddhist practices in the region,[4] especially that of royalty to be patrons of both and those who believe that Chach himself may have been a Buddhist.[5][6]

The forces of Muhammad bin Qasim defeated Raja Dahir in alliance with the Jats and other regional governors.

Hyderabad is a city built on three hillocks cascading over each other. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty founded the city in 1768 over the ruins of Neroon Kot (Nerun or Nerun Kot meaning the place of Neroon), a small fishing village on the banks of Indus River named after its ruler Neroon. A formal concept for the city was laid out by his son, Sarfraz Khan in 1782. When the foundations were laid, the city obtained the nickname Heart of the Mehran as the ruler Mian Ghulam Shah himself was said to have fallen in love with the city. In 1768 he ordered a fort to be built on one of the three hills of Hyderabad to house and defend his people. The fort was built using fire-baked bricks, on account of which it was named Pacco Qillo (Sindhi: پڪو قلعو) meaning the strong fort.[8] After the death of the last Kalhoro, the Talpur dynasty ruled the region. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur left his capital Khudabad, the Land of God and made Hyderabad his capital in 1789. He made the Pacco Qillo his residence and also held his courts there. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur along with his three other brothers were responsible for the affairs that persisted in the city of Hyderabad in the years of their rule. The four were called char yar, Sindhi for the four friends.

In the Chachnama we find frequent mention of a chief Agham Lohana who was ruler of Brahmanabad with their two territories Lakha to the west of Lohana and Samma to the south of Lohana (Nerron) Narayankot Hyderabad, Sindh in the time of Chach 636 AD.

Jat Gotras

हैदराबाद (पाकिस्तान)

हैदराबाद (AS, p.1030) = 2. सिंध (पाकिस्तान) का शहर. कहा जाता है कि वर्तमान हैदराबाद के स्थान पर प्राचीन समय में पाटशिला नामक नगर बसा हुआ था (दे. पाटशिला)[7]

पाटशिला

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[8] ने लेख किया है ...पाटशिला (AS, p.546) चीनी यात्री युवानच्वांग ने, जिसने भारत का भ्रमण 630-645 ई. में किया था, सिंध (पाकिस्तान) के इस नाम के नगर का उल्लेख किया है. वह इस स्थान से होकर गुजरा था. वाटर्स तथा कनिंघम के अनुसार पाटशिला नगरी वर्तमान हैदराबाद (सिंध) के स्थान पर बसी होगी. शायद इसी नगर को यूनानी लेखकों ने पाटल कहा है. पाटशिला का पाटशिल है.

Notable persons

References

  1. ↑ Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd edition 1992 page 701.
  2. ↑ Nicholas F. Gier, FROM MONGOLS TO MUGHALS: RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE IN INDIA 9TH-18TH CENTURIES, Presented at the Pacific Northwest Regional Meeting American Academy of Religion, Gonzaga University, May 2006
  3. ↑ Naik, C.D. (2010). Buddhism and Dalits: Social Philosophy and Traditions. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. p. 32. ISBN 978-81-7835-792-8.
  4. ↑ P. 151 Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World By André Wink
  5. ↑ P. 164 Notes on the religious, moral, and political state of India before the Mahomedan invasion, chiefly founded on the travels of the Chinese Buddhist priest Fai Han in India, A.D. 399, and on the commentaries of Messrs. Remusat, Klaproth, Burnouf, and Landresse, Lieutenant-Colonel W.H. Sykes by Sykes, Colonel;
  6. ↑ P. 505, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians by Henry Miers Elliot, John Dowson
  7. ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.1030
  8. ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.546

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