Sukumara

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)

Sukumara (सुकुमार) was name of a Pulinda King, whose capital was also called Sukumāra who were fighting for Pandavas in Mahabharata War. King Sukumāra was the son of King Sumitra. 2. Sukumāra (सुकुमार) was son of King Bhavya who was the ruler of Shaka Island (Shakadvipa). 3. Sukumāra (सुकुमार) was a nāga king born in the family of Takshaka.

Variants

History

Source: Wisdom Library: Bhagavata Purana

Sukumāra (सुकुमार):—Son of Dhṛṣṭaketu (son of Satyaketu). His son was called Vītihotra. (see Bhāgavata Purāṇa 9.17.9)

Source: Google Books: Cultural History from the Vāyu Purāna

Sukumāra (सुकुमार):—One of the seven sons of Havya (lord of Śākadvīpa). His varṣa is also called the same: sukumāravarṣa.

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—A Pulinda King. The name of the capital of this King was also Sukumāra. It is stated in Mahābhārata, Sabhā Parva, Chapter 29, Verse 10, that King Sukumāra was the son of King Sumitra. It is stated in some other Purāṇas that Sucitra was the father of Sukumāra and that during his regional conquest of the east Bhīmasena had defeated both. On another occasion Sahadeva, who had gone for the regional conquest of the south, also defeated both Sukumāra and his father. (Mahābhārata Sabhā Parva, Chapter 31, Verse 4).

When the battle of Bhārata was about to begin, Sukumāra, the King af Pulinda joined the side of the Pāṇḍavas. It is stated in Mahābhārata, Udyoga Parva, Chapter 171, Verse 15, that King Sukumāra became one of the prominent chariot-fighters of the Pāṇḍava army. (See full article at Story of Sukumāra from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)

2) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—A nāga (serpent) who was born in the family of Takṣaka. This serpent was burned to death in the sacrificial fire of Janamejaya. (Mahābhārata Ādi Parva, Chapter 57, Verse 9).

3) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—A King of the Puru dynasty. The father of this King was Vibhu, the son of Varṣaketu. Two sons named Ānarta and Sukumāra were born to Vibhu. The King Satyaketu was the son of Sukumāra. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 278).

4) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—A Sanskrit poet. There is a story about the devotion of Sukumāra to his teacher. Though Sukumāra was a dutiful student his teacher used to scold him always. Consequently Sukumāra harboured malice in his heart against his teacher. One night Sukumāra got on the upper attic of the house of the teacher with a big stone. His aim was to drop the stone on the head of the teacher. But that night the conversation of the teacher and his wife was about Sukumāra. The wife asked the teacher why he was scolding his disciple so often, when he was so dutiful and righteous. The teacher said that he loved him most and that the chastisement was meant to make him better and better. When Sukumāra heard this his heart was broken. With tears in his eyes, he got down with the stone and disappeared in darkness.

Next morning Sukumāra had no peace of mind. He approached the teacher. He asked the teacher "What is the punishment destined for him who had tried to kill his teacher?" The teacher replied that he should die a slow death in the fire made by the husk of paddy. Instantly Sukumāra made a pit and stood in it and filled the pit with husk up to his neck and set fire to the pile. When the teacher knew that the culprit was Sukumāra, he was filled with grief. He tried his best to dissuade his beloved disciple from his attempt. But it was in vain. While he was slowly burning in the fire he composed and sang the great poem 'Śrī Kṛṣṇa Vilāsa'. The poet was not able to complete the twelfth Sarga of Śrī Kṛṣṇa Vilāsa.

5) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—The son of King Bhavya who was the ruler of Śāka Island. (Mahābhārata Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 12, Verse 26).

6) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—An ancient place. This place was near the mountain Jaladhāragiri in the Śāka Island. (Mahābhārata Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 11, Stanza 21).

7) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—The capital city of the Pulindas. (See under Sukumāra III).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—King: a son of Dhṛṣṭaketu and father of Vītihotra.*

1b) A son of Havya: after him Sukumāra varṣa.*

1c) A son of Suvibhu and father of Dhṛṣṭaketu.*

1d) A son of Bhavya of Śākadvīpa.*

1e) A kingdom of Śākadvīpa down the Jalada hill; named after Sukumāra.*

Reference - https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sukumara

In Mahabharata

Sukumara (सुकुमार) is mentioned in Mahabharata (I.177.9),(II.26.10), (II.28.4),

Sukumara (सुकुमार) (Naga) is mentioned in Mahabharata (I.52.8),


Adi Parva, Mahabharata/Book I Chapter 52 mentions the names of Nagas who fell into the fire of the snake-sacrifice. Sukumara (सुकुमार) (Naga race of Takshaka) was mentioned in Mahabharata (I.52.8).[1].....Uchchhika, Surasa, Drangas , Balaheda, Virohana; Shili, Shala, Kara, Muka, Sukumara, Pravepana, .....


Adi Parva, Mahabharata/Book I Chapter 177 mentions Kshatriyas who came on Swayamvara of Draupadi. Sukumara (सुकुमार) (Naga) is mentioned in Mahabharata (I.177.9).[2]....Abhibhu with his two sons Sudama and Suvarcha, Sumitra, Sukumara, Vrika, Satyadhriti,....


Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 26 mentions the countries Bhimasena subjugated that lay to the East. Sukumara (सुकुमार) is mentioned in Mahabharata (II.26.10). [3].....Then that prince of the Kuru race, endued with great prowess going into the country of Pulinda in the south, brought Sukumara and the king Sumitra under his sway.


Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 28 mentions Sahadeva's victory march towards south: kings and tribes defeated. Sukumara (सुकुमार) was mentioned in Mahabharata (II.28.4).[4]..... The prince (Sahadeva) then brought under his sway Sukumara and then king Sumitra, and he next vanquished the other Matsyas and then the Patacharas.

सुकुमार

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[5] ने लेख किया है ...1. सुकुमार (AS, p.971): महाभारत सभा 29,10 में उल्लिखित एक पर्वत जिसे भीम ने पूर्व दिशा की दिग्विजय के प्रसंग में जीता था, 'ततॊ दक्षिणमागम्य पुलिन्दनगरं महत्, सुकुमारं वशेचक्रे सुमित्रं च नराधिपम'. जान पड़ता है कि यहां पुलिन्दनगर को ही सुकुमार नाम से अभिहित किया गया है. इसके पूर्व ही अश्वमेघ नगर की विजय का उल्लेख है जो संभवत है चंबल की उपनदी अश्व के तट पर कान्यकुब्ज या कन्नौज के निकट बसा हुआ था. सुकुमार या पुलिंदनगर इसके दक्षिण की ओर रहा होगा. यहां के राजा सुमित्र का इसी प्रसंग में नाम उल्लेख है. महाभारत काल में पुलिंद नामक जाती विंध्याचल की तराई में बेतवा के दोनों तटों के समीप निवास करती थी. सुमित्र शायद पुलिन्दजातीय था. सहदेव नहीं अपनी दक्षिण दिशा की दिग्विजय में भी सुकुमार पर अधिकार किया था--'सुकुमारं वशे चक्रे सुमित्रं च नराधिपम्, तथैवापरमत्स्यांश्च वयजयत् स पटच्चरान्' सभा.31,4. अपरमत्स्य का प्रदेश मथुरा और राजस्थान के बीच का भाग था. सुकुमार का इसीके पश्चात उल्लेख है. [6]

2. सुकुमार (AS, p.971): विष्णु पुराण 2,4,60 के अनुसार शाकदीप का एक भाग या वर्ष जो इस द्वीप के राजा भव्य के पुत्र सुकुमार के नाम पर ही सुकुमार कहलाता है.[7]

External links

References

  1. उच्छिखः सुरसॊ द्रङ्गॊ बलहेडॊ विरॊहणः, शिली शल करॊ मूकः सुकुमारः प्रवेपनः (I.52.8)
  2. अभिभूः सह पुत्रेण सुदाम्ना च सुवर्चसा, सुमित्रः सुकुमारश च वृकः सत्यधृतिस तथा (I.177.9)
  3. ततॊ दक्षिणम आगम्य पुलिन्द नगरं महत, सुकुमारं वशे चक्रे सुमित्रं च नरा (II.26.10)
  4. सुकुमारं वशे चक्रे सुमित्रं च नराधिपम, तदैवापरमत्स्यांश च वयजयत स पटच चरान (II.28.4)
  5. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.971
  6. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.971
  7. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.971