Tahkapar

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)
Map of Kanker district
Villages around Charama, Kanker

Tahkapar (टहकापार) is a village in Charama tahsil of Kanker district in Chhattisgarh.

Variants

Origin

Location

It is situated 19km away from sub-district headquarter Charama (tehsildar office) and 27km away from district headquarter Kanker in north. This Place is in the border of the Kanker District and Durg District. Durg District Gurur is North towards this place According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Tahkapar village is 447507. Tahkapar village is located in Charama tehsil of Uttar Bastar Kanker district in Chhattisgarh, India. As per 2009 stats, Tanhkapar is the gram panchayat of Tahkapar village. The total geographical area of village is 443.42 hectares.[2]

Tanhkapar is a Village in Charama Tehsil in Kanker District of Chattisgarh State, India. It is located 30 KM towards North from District head quarters Kanker. 106 KM from State capital Raipur. Tanhkapar is surrounded by Dondi Tehsil towards west , Kanker Tehsil towards South , Gurur Tehsil towards North , Bhanupratappur Tehsil towards west . This Place is in the border of the Kanker District and Durg District. Durg District Gurur is North towards this place .[3]

History

Kanker Copper Plates Of Pamparajadeva (Kalachuri) Samvat 965 And 966, two in number, were found in an old well in the Village Tahankapar, 18 miles from Kanker.[4]

Tahankapar Plate Of Pamparajadeva - (Kalachuri) Year 965 (=1213 AD)

No. 116; Plate XCVIA
Tahankapar Plate Of Pamparajadeva - (Kalachuri) Year 965 (=1213 AD)

Source - Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599

[p.596]: This is one of the two plates which were found in an old well in the village Tahankapar,1 18 miles from Kanker', the capital of a former feudatory State of the same name in the Chhattisgarh Division of Madhya Pradesh. The inscriptions on both the plates were edited, together with translations and lithographs, by Rai Bahadur Hiralal in the Epigraphia Indica, Vol IX, pp 166 ff. The present plate is now in the possession of the former Chief of Kanker. It is edited here from excellent ink impressions kindly supplied by the Government Epigraphist for India.

The present copper-plate is 7 7" broad and 5 7" high. It weighs 80 tolas….The plate is inscribed on one side only. The inscription, winch consists of 11 lines, is in a good state of preservation. The average size of the letters is 2". From faint traces of some other letters on it, it appears that the plate is a palimpsest, the earlier record being carefully beaten in to make room for the present one.

The characters are Nâgarî… The record is in prose throughout. It shows the usual orthographical peculiarities….

1. I have not been able to trace this village on the Degree Map, 64 H. But the map shows a village named Tonka Niche about the same distance (viz , 18 miles), west by south of Kanker.

[p.597]: The inscription is one of Pamparaja (पम्पराजदेव) of the Somavamsha. It is a business document, executed at the (royal) residence in Kakaira (काकैर), in favour of one Lakshmîdhara. 1 The object of it is to fix the revenue of the village Jaipara (जैपरा) 2 at 130 Sarâhagadâma-àchhus3 as previously settled and 140 Vijayarâja-tankas 4. It is also stated that the revenue of another village named Chikhali (चिखली) was fixed at 150 Vîjayàraja-tankas. Several persons, whom we know from the next inscription to be royal officials, are cited as witnesses to the transaction.

No genealogy of the king is given in the present inscription probably because it is a business document and not a royal grant. It is, however, curious that Pamparâja is given here the high-sounding titles Râjâdhiràja and Paramêshvara together with some more modest ones, viz , one who has acquired the pancha-sabdas and Mahâmândalika. The latter probably describe his real status. From the Rajim inscription dated K. 896, we learn that Jagapala, who was a feudatory of Prithvideva II, the Kalachuri king of Ratanpur, had conquered the Kakaira country and since that time the rulers of that territory may have acknowledged the suzerainty of the Kalachuri kings of Ratanpur. Pamparâja, notwithstanding his high-sounding titles, was, therefore, probably a feudatory of the Kalachuris whose era we find him using in this as well as in the following inscription. The present record mentions his queen Lakshmîdevi, the prince Bopadeva (बोपदेव) and the chief minister Dogara (डोगरा).

The inscription is dated on Monday, the 10th tithi5 of the dark fortnight of Bhâdrapada in the year 965 (expressed in decimal figures only), the nakshatra being Mriga. The date must evidently be referred to the Kalachuri era. It corresponds, for the current year 965, to Monday, the 12th August 1213 A. C. On that day the 10th tithi of the dark fortnight of the pûrnimânta Bhàdrapada commences 6 h 45 m after mean sunrise, and the nakshatra was Mriga which ended 14 h 30 m. after mean sunrise. Though the tîthi was not civilly connected with Monday, it was so cited probably because it was actuality current when the transaction was made. The charter was written by the Pandita Vishnusarman and incised by the Sêihi Kesava at the town of Pâdi.

As for the places mentioned in the present record, Kakaira is Kanker mentioned above. Jaipara and Chikhali have already been identified by Rai Bahadur Hiralal with Jaipra and Chikhli, 15 and 21 miles respectively north of Kanker. Padi, which he was unable to trace, is clearly Pade, 18 miles west by south of Kanker.

1. He is probably identical with Lakshmidharasarman, the grantee of the other Tahankapar plate (below, No 117) and different from Lakshmîdhara cited as a witness in L. 8 of the present plate.

2. In the text Jaipara has Vanikotta affixed to it Hiralal took it to mean that in Jaipara there was a vanikotta or "traders' fortress", ie , a fortified place probably made by Banjaras for storing gram purchased for transport See Ep Ind , Vol IX, p 169, n 1

3. Sarahagada is probably identical with Saraharagadha mentioned in L. 10 of the Rajim stone inscription of Jagapala (above, No 88) . Achhu is probably identical with àsû, a coin mentioned in the literature of the Mahânubhâvas as current during the time of Chakradhara, the founder of that sect (13th cen A C) Sarâhgadâm-àchhu may, therefore, mean the particular coins of Sarahgad (modern Sarangarh, formerly a feudatory State in Chhattisgarh)

4. Hiralal proposed to emend Vîjayaraja into vijaja-râjya and understood the expression as ‘coins of our victorious reign (mint)'. It is not unlikely that Vijayarâja was a king who struck those coins Compare Shrimâd-Adîvarâhu dramma and Vigrahapâla-dramma in LL 19 and 30 of the Siyadoni inscription Ep Ind Vol I pp 175 and 177.

5. As Kielhorn has already noted, the cipher is engraved quite on the margin of the plate. As regards the name of the week-day 'the engraver after the akshara sô in the fîrst instance by mistake engraved the letter d (of dine), and he then altered this d to ma.' Ep, Ind, Vol IX, p 131

[p.598]:

Translation

Hail ! At the residence in Kakaira (काकैर), during the victorious reign of the Râjâdhiràja, Parameshvara (and) Paramamâhèsvara, the illustrious Pamparajadeva (पम्पराजदेव), (who is) born in the Somavamsa (lunar race), who is hailed as having obtained the five sounds by the boon of (the goddess) Katyayani (कात्यायनी) (L.2) and who has obtained (the title of) Mahàmândalika (महामंडलिक) by (the strength of) his own arm, while (there are) the queen Lakshmîdëvî (and) the prince Bopadeva (बोपदेव) with him, and the (officers such as) the Minister Dogara (डोगरा) , ranaka Vaipa (वैपा) and Thakkura Asû (ठक्कुर आसू) are present on duty, this village document (fixing the revenue of) Jaipara (जैपरा), the traders' fortress (वणिकोट्ट), 19 is given to Gaita Lakshmïdhara. (The amount fixed is) 130 achhus of Sarahagada (सराहगडाम) (as settled)

19. See above p.597, n.2

[p.599]: previously (and) 140 Vijayaràja-tankas for half the Halava (हलवा) (L.6) patti 1. Similarly in the document of the Chikhali (चिखली) village, (the amount fixed is) 150 Vijayarâja-tankas for the three-quarters of the Pralava (प्रलवा) (L.7) patti.

The witnesses for this transaction are the Bhatta Kânaka Gôvinda, Gaintà Lakshmidhara, Gaintâ Mahësvara, Nâyaka Chhandû, Nâyaka Dâmôdara (and) Sàvu Pânha.

(Line 9) (This Comment is) written by the Pandita Vishnusarman on Monday, the 10th (lunar) day of the dark (fortnight) of Bhâdrapada, the nakshatra being Mriga in the year 965 Engraved by the Sëthî Kësava in the town of Padi (पाडी). May there be good fortune !

1. In translating this expression and a similar one in the next sentence, I hâve followed Hiralal, but I am not certain about the meaning. According to Hiralal, Halbas are an aboriginal tribe, chiefly found in Kânker. Patta is also used as a territorial term in L 15 of the Khôh plates of Maharaja Hastin (CII, Vol III, p 103) Patî-bhâga or patti-bhâga occurs in the sensé of 'a share of the produce’ in the Hïrahadagalli plates of Sivaskandavarman Ep Ind , Vol I, p 6,

Wiki editor Notes

  • Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi could not identify Halavapatti (हलवापट्टी) (L.6) and Pralavapatti (प्रलवापट्टी) (L.7). We have identified two villages associated with these terms: Halba and Palewa villages in Charama tahsil of Kanker district in Chhattisgarh. Patti is administrative geographical unit. We have also discussed below phonetic similarity of these terms with Jat clans .

Tahankapar Plate Of Pamparajadeva - (Kalachuri) Year 966 (=1214 AD)

No 117; Plate XCVIB
Tahankapar Plate Of Pamparajadeva - (Kalachuri) Year 966 (=1214 AD)

Source - Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.599-602

[p.599]: This plate was discovered, together with the preceding one, in an old well at Tahankapar in the former Kanker State in Madhya Pradesh. It is now in the possession of the former Chief of Kanker. The inscription on this plate also was edited with a translation and a lithograph by R B Hiralal in the Ep, Ind, Vol. IX, pp. 166 ff. It is edited here from excellent ink impressions kindly supplied by the Government Epigraphist for India.

The plate measures 7 8" broad and 33" high…. The corners of this plate are rounded off 1

The inscription consists of 11 lines and is in a good state of preservation. The characters are Nâgari. As the present record was written only about a year after the preceding one, it presents the same palaeographical peculiarities as the latter. Besides what has been noted before, the old form of the initial i, which occurs in Isvara-, L7, deserves notice. The language is corrupt Sanskrit, replete with grammatical and orthographical mistakes -which are pointed out below, in the foot-notes to the transcribed text.

The present plate was granted, while residing at Padi (पाडि), by the Paramabhattâraka and Mahâmândalika, the illustrious Pamparâjadeva, who meditated on the feet of the Paramabhattaraka and Mahâmândalika, the illustrious Somaraja, who in turn meditated on the feet of the Mahâmândalika, the illustrious Bopadeva of the Somavamsa. It will be noticed that unlike the preceding inscription which was a business document, the present grant contains a description of the royal pedigree for three generations.

The object of the present inscription is to register two grants, — one of the village Kongara (कोंगरा), made before (the god) Prânkêsvara3 by Pamparâja and the other of the village Andali, situated in the same district, by his son, the prince Bopadeva — on the occasion of a solar eclipse on Sunday, in the month Kârttika in the cyclic year Isvara, the nakshatra being Chitrâ The numerical figures of the year are given at the

2. Ep Ind , Vol IX, p 167. 3. See below, p 600, n. 5,

[p.600]: end as 966. Though, no era is specified, the date must evidently be referred to the Kalachuri era. It regularly corresponds, for the expired Kalachuri year 966, to Sunday, the 5th October 1214 A. C, when there was a total solar eclipse visible at Kanker, the tithi being the new-moon day of the purnimânta Karttika, and the nakashatra, Chitrâ. 1 The cyclic year, however, does not agree. According to the southern luni-solar System it was Bhava and according to the northern System, it was Bahudhânya. In neither case was it Isvara. As Kielhorn has pointed out, 2 according to the northern mean-sign system the cyclic year Isvara lasted from the 2nd September 1212 A C. to the 29th August 1215 A C. The discrepancy is evidently due to the writer's carelessness.

The present grant mentions eight royal officers, besides the Prime Minister. Five of these figure as witnesses and one more, vîz , Vishnusarman, as the writer in the preceding grant. The Prime Minister seems to have been changed during the interval. In the present grant he is named Vaghu, while previously the post was held by Dogara. The engraver of both the grants was the same man Kesava.

The donee of the present grant was the Gaitâ Laksmidhara, who is also mentioned in the preceding inscription. He was a student of the Yajurvëda and belonged to the Ghrita-Kaushika gôtra. He was the son of Gadâdhara and grandson of Màdhavasarman

Of the place-names mentioned here, Padi, where the grant was made, has already been identified. It seems to have been a second capital of Pamparàja, for, the preceding plate also, though granted at Kakaira, was actually engraved at Pâdi. As for Kongara, the village donated by Pamparâja, there are three places of that name in the vicinity of Kanker. Two of them, Deo Kongera and Kongera Biyas, lie close together, 4 miles to the south-east, and the third, Hat-Kongera, 5 miles to the north of Kanker. One of these is probably meant by the Kongara of the present grant3.

Andali is probably Andani, 6 miles east of Kanker.

p.600
p.601

1. According to Pillai’s Indian Ephemeris, the tithi ended 3 h 10 m and the nakshatra, 8 h 40 m after mean sunrise. According to Kielhorn's calculations, the tithi ended 5 h 33 m and the nakshatra was Chitrâ by the equal space system and according to Garga for 2 h 38 m. after mean sunrise. See Ep, Ind ,Vol IX, p 129.

2. Ibid. Vol lX, p. 130.

3. Hiralal connects Srî-'Pràmkësvara-sammdhâne with Kômgarâ-grâmo and decides the question in favour of Deo Kongera. The prefix Deo of this village-name is, according to him, reminiscent of the shrine of Prâmkêshvara, which, though it has now disappeared, was previously situated close to the village. It seems, however, more probable that the grant was made at the shrine of Prânkësvara and before that deity. For an analogous instance, see the Amôdâ plates of Prithvïdëva I, above, No 76

Translation

[p.601]: Success ! Hail ! At the residence in Padi (पाडि) (L.1) — during the blessed (and) victorious reign, increasing on the earth, of the Paramabhattàraka (and) Mahàmandalika, the illustrious Pamparâjadeva (पंपराजदेव) (L.3), who meditates on the feet of the Paramabhattàtaka (and) Mahâmândalika, the illustrious Somaraja (सोमराज), who meditated on the feet of the Mahàmândalika, the illustrious Bopadeva (बोपदेव) (L.4), born in the Somavamsa (lunar race) graced with [all) merits in the whole line of kings,— while (there are) with him the queen Lakshmïdëvî, the prince Bopadeva (बोपदेव) [and] the Prime Minister Vaghu (वाघु) (L.4) (and) (the officers) the Thakkura Asû, Vishnusarman, Nârâyana, Bhatta Kânaka Gôvinda, Gaitâ Mahêsvara, Nâyaka Chhâdû, Nâyaka Dâmôdara, Sâvu Panhai, are present on duty —

This village (named) Kongara (कोंगरा) (L.8) extending to its four boundaries is granted by us in the presence of the holy Prânkësvara20 to Gaintâ Lakshmïdharasarman, who is adorned with all merits and is a student of the Yajurvëda, (who is) the son of Gaintâ Gadâdhara, and son's son of Gaintà Mâdhavasarman who has illumined all the best Brahmanas21

20. See above, p 600, n 3

21. With the expression, compare samasta-râj-âvali-gun-àlamkrita used above in connection with the king Hiralal translates, 'the best of all twice-born and the author of the Uddyôta.’ But in that case the expression should have been Uddyôtakara or Uddyôtakâra. Besides no such work of Mâdhava-sarman is known. The well-known Nyâya work Uddyôta was composed by Bhâradvâja who flourished in circa 620 A C. See Keith's History of Sanskrit Literature, p 483

[p.602]: born in the Ghrita-Kaushika gôtra, after washing his feet1 on (the occasion of) a solar eclipse on Sunday in the nakshatra Chitrâ in the month o£ Kârttika in the (cyclic) year Isvara. At the (same) time this village of Andali (आण्डलि) (L.10) in the (same) vishaya is granted (to him) by the illustrious prince Bopadêva (बोपदेव) (L.10) after washing (his) feet.

(Line 10) In the year 966 (this charter) has been engraved by Sâvu Keshava. May there be good fortune !

1. Hiralal translated ‘after having washed our feet (ceremoniously)' This is incorrect. See v. 16 of the Amôdà plates (First Set) of Prithvïdëva II (No 91, above).

Wiki editor Notes

No. 20.- Kanker Copper Plates Of Pamparajadeva (Kalachuri) Samvat 965 And 966.

No. 20.- Kanker Copper Plates Of Pamparajadeva (Kalachuri) Samvat 965 And 966.= 12.08.1213 and 06.10.1214

By Hira Lal, B.A., Nagpur.

Source – Epigraphia Indica Vol. IX (1907-08): A S I, Edited by E. Hultzsoh, Ph.D. & Sten Konow, Ph.D., p.166


These are two copper plates which were found in an old well in the Village Tahankapar, 18 miles from Kanker, the capital of the state of the same name in the Chhattisgarh, Division of the Central Provinces. They are now in the possession of the chief of that state and were sent to me by his Divan Pandit Durgaprasad. Ink impressions were kindly taken for me at Nagpur by Mr. T. GK Green, Superintendent of the Government Press, and they are reproduced in the accompanying plate.

There are two different records issued at an interval of a year. Both the plates are 7-7/8" long, but they differ in height and weight, one measuring 3-3/4" and the other 3-1/4" , the bigger one

1 This may be true in the seme that he ruled over so big a population, who, as subjects, could at any time be called out for military service. In Bastar and adjoining tracts almost every man knows the use of the bow and arrow, with which they even kill tiger. The probability, however, if that ' nine lac ' was a conventional term for the highest number. In the Hoṭṭūr inscription (Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. I, Part II, p. 433) the Chalukya ling Styairaya is stated to have put to flight a Chola king who had collected a force numbering nine lacs, indirectly insinuating that he defeated the biggest army that could be brought in the field. Similarly it has become idiomatic to speak of Bawangarh (52 forts), 700 chelas (disciples), 108 shris, etc.

2 Ind. Ant. xxi. p. 108, and Duff's Chronology of India, p. 213.

[p.167]: weighing 6 oz. and the smaller 6 oz. 10 drs. The former has an oblong hole at the top, measuring 1/8" x 1/16", apparently for stringing it with otter plates. It is uniformly and sufficiently thick, and is in a good state of preservation. The smaller one is thick in the middle but very thin at the ends, so thin indeed that the commencement Om svasti has cut through the plate leaving holes in the engraved portion, and, similarly, at the diagonally opposite end, a portion is exceedingly worn- out leaving irregular holes there. The corners of this plate were rounded off. It has at the end an ornamental figure representing the moon. This was probably the family crest.

The average size of the letters in the bigger plate is 3/16" and in the smaller 1/8". The former appears to be a palimpsest. Both the sides contain minute scratches of letters of almost doable the size, which are altogether illegible.

The characters in both the plates, which were written at an interval of a year only, are Nagari, and the language in both is corrupt Sanskrit prose. Both the plates were engraved by Sethi or Sao Keshava, who apparently lived at Pāḍi (town).

There is very little to note about orthographical peculiarities. The letters dha, ra, ṇa, ksha, bha, jna, and the figures 9 and 5 appear in a somewhat antiquated form, and the usual indifference to the use of s for ṡ is conspicuous. Spelling mistakes there are many ; they have been noticed in the footnotes under the text.

The bigger plate, which is the older of the two and was issued from, the Kākaira residence, is a state document conferring a village with a fixed revenue on the village priest Lakshmidharasharman,. This refers to Jaiparā village, but Chikhali is also incidentally mentioned. The smaller plate records the gift of two villages, Kogara (कौगरा) and Andali (अंडाली), to the same person on the occasion of an eclipse of the sun. These transaction were made by the Mahamandalika Pamparajadeva of the Somavamsha (Lunar race) in the presense of his queen Lakshmidevi, prince Vopadeva and eight Government officials including the minister. In the village document these officials appear as witnesses. The recipient of the villages was himself one of them.

The village document is business-like and contains abbreviations which were no doubt very well understood at that time, but are now difficult to make out. It does not indulge in genealogies. In the gift, however, we are told that Pamparajadeva meditated on the feet of Somarajadeva, who meditated on the feet of Vopadeva. I take this Vopadeva to be identical with that of the Kanker stone inscription of the Saka year 1242 (see above, page 124). I shall discuss this question in another paper on the Sihawa inscription, which also gives a genealogy of this family,

The bigger plate is dated in Samvat 985, in the Bhadrapada month, in the Mriga lunar mansion, on Monday, the 10th of the dark fortnight, and the smaller one in the Ishvara- samvatsara, in the month of Karttika, in the Chitra lunar mansion, on Sunday, at the solar eclipse, the year being given in figures at the end as 966. It is not stated to what era these dates belong, but Professor Kielhorn, who has kindly calculated them for me, has conclusively proved that they refer to the Kalachuri era. The reader is referred to the postscript added by him at the end of my article on the Kanker stone inscription (see above, pp. 128 and ff.), -where he has fully discussed the question. The English equivalents of these dates, as calculated by him, are Monday, the 12th August A.D. 1213, and Sunday, the 6th October A.D. 1214, respectively.

The towns and villages mentioned in the plates are Kakaira, Padi, Kogara, Andali, Jaipara, Chikhali and Vanikotta. Kakaira is the modern Kanker, where the present chief of the state resides. It is 88 miles from Raipur, the headquarters of the Chhattisgarh Division, in which the Kanker state is included. Kogara has now been corrupted into Kongera (कोंगेरा). There are two villages of this name in the state, and for distinction one is called Deo Kongera (8 miles

[p.168]: south-east of Kanker), and the other Hat Kongera (6 miles north of Kanker). The former is associated with gods, and the latter with a market, which is held there. In the inscription a Kogara is said to be close to the shrine of Prankeshvara, which has now disappeared, but has apparently left its reminiscence in the suggestive adjunct Deo which Kongera now bears. I therefore, identify our Kogara with Deo Kongera. Jaipara is the modern Jepra (Indian Ant. quarter sheet 92, N. W., Long. 81 31', Lat. 20 28'), a village 15 miles north of Kanger and Chikhali is about 21 miles in the same direction just on the borders of the state. It is now included in the Dhamtari tahsil, which formerly formed part of the Kanker state. Andali is probably represented by the present Andni (Anjni), 10 miles east of [[Kanker. Padi can not be identified. The same is the case with Vanikotta about which it is doubtful whether it is the name of a village at all.

Note - See Text and translation of Plates-I and II here - Kanker Copper Plates Of Pamparajadeva (Kalachuri) Samvat 965 And 966. pp.169-170

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References

  1. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  2. ↑ https://villageinfo.in/chhattisgarh/uttar-bastar-kanker/charama/tahkapar.html
  3. ↑ http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villages/Kanker/Charama/Tanhkapar
  4. ↑ Epigraphia Indica Vol. IX (1907-08): A S I, Edited by E. Hultzsoh, Ph.D. & Sten Konow, Ph.D., p.166
  5. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  6. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  7. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  8. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  9. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  10. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  11. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  12. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  13. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.596-599
  14. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.599-602
  15. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.599-602
  16. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.599-602
  17. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.599-602
  18. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.599-602
  19. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.599-602
  20. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.599-602
  21. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.599-602

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