Chaluky

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Chaluky (चालुक्य)[1] [2]Chalukya (चालुक्य) Choluky (चोलुक्य) Chaluky (चलुक्य) Chaliky (चलक्य) Chaululik (चौलुलिक) Chulukya (चुलुक्य) Chulug (चुलुग)[3] are said to be born from the palm (चुल्लु) of Brahma.[4] Dilip Singh Ahlawat has mentioned it as one of the ruling Jat clans in Central Asia.[5] James Tod places it in the list of Thirty Six Royal Races.[6]

This gotra villages in Rajasthan

Chilka (चिल्का) Chilka (चिलका) Chilkha (चिल्लखा) Chalka (चल्का) is gotra of Jats found in Shekhawati area ,Barmer, (Jaipur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu)districts in Rajasthan. This gotra has emerged from Chalukyas.

History

Ram Sarup Joon[7] writes that...about 70 Jat Gotras joined the Gujar force and started calling themselves Gujars. Chalukya is one of them.

List of Kings of Chalukya Dynasty (543–1156)

Chalukyas of Badami (543–757)

Chalukyas of Kalyani (973–1156)

Aihole Inscription of Pulikeshin II (634-635 CE)

  • (Verse.) Victorious is the holy Jinendra--he who is exempt from old age, death and birth--in the sea of whose knowledge the whole world is comprised like an island.
  • (V. 2.) And next, long victorious is the immeasurable, wide ocean of the Chalukya family, which is the birth-place of jewels of men that are ornaments of the diadem of the earth.
  • (V. 3.) And victorious for very long is Satyashraya, who in bestowing gifts and honours on the brave and on the learned, both together on either, observes not the rule of correspondency of number.
  • (V. 4.) When many members of that race, bent on conquest, applied to whom the title of Favourite of the Earth had at last become appropriate, had passed away,-
  • (V. 5.) There was, of the Chalukya lineage, the king named Jayasimha-vallabha, who in battle--where horses, footsoldiers and elephants, bewildered, fell down under the strokes of many hundreds of weapons, and where thousands of frightful headless trunks and of flashes of rays of swords were leaping to and fro--by his bravery made Fortune his own, even though she is suspected of fickleness.
  • (V. 6.) His son was be who was named Ranaraga, of divine dignity, the one master of the world, whose superhuman nature, (even) when he was asleep, people knew from the pre-eminence of his form.
  • (V. 7.) His son was Polekeshin, who, though endowed with the moon's Beauty, and though the favorite of Fortune, became the bridegroom of Vatapipuri.
  • (V. 8.) Whose path in the pursuit of the three objects of life the kings on earth even now are unable to follow; and bathed by whom with the water of the purificatory rite, when he performed the horse-sacrifice, the earth beamed with brightness.
  • (V. 9.) His son was Kirtivarman, the night of doom to the Nalas, Mauryas and Kadambas, whose mind, although his thoughts kept aloof from others' wives, was attracted by the Fortune of his adversary.
  • (V. 10.) Who, having secured the fortune of victory by his valour in war, being a scent-elephant of a king, of great strength, at once completely broke down the multitude of the broad kadamba trees--the Kadambas.
  • (V. 11.) When his desire was bent on the dominion of the lord of the gods, his younger brother Mangalesha became king, who by the sheets of dust of his army of horse, encamped on the shores of the eastern and western seas, stretched an awning over the quarters.
  • (V. 12.) Who in that house which was the battle-field took in marriage the damsel, the Fortune of the Katachchuris, having scattered the gathering gloom, (viz.) the array of elephants (of the adversary), with hundreds of bright-rayed lamps, (viz.) the swords (of his followers).
  • (V. 13) And again, when he was desirous of taking the island of Revati, his great army with many bright banners, which had ascended the ramparts, as it was reflected in the water of the sea appeared like Varuna's forces, quickly come there at once at his word (of command).
  • (V. 14.) When his elder brother's son, named Polekeshin, of a dignity like Nahusha's, was coveted by Fortune, and finding his uncle to be jealous of him thereat, had formed the resolution to wander abroad as an exile,-
  • (V. 15.) That Mangalesha, whose great strength became on all sides reduced by the application of the powers of good counsel and energy gathered by Him, abandoned, together with the effort to secure the kingdom for his own son, both that no mean kingdom of his and his life.
  • (V. 16.) Then, on the subversion of that rule encompassed by the darkness of enemies, the whole world grew light again, invaded as it were by the lustrous rays of His irresistible splendour. Or when was it that the sky ceased to be black like a swarm of bees with thundering clouds, in which flashes of lightning were dancing like banners, and the edges of which were crushed in the rushing wind?
  • (V. 17.) When, having found the opportunity, he who was named Appayika, and Govinda approached with their troops of elephants to conquer the country north of the Bhaimarathi, the one in battle through His armies came to know the taste of fear, while the other at once received the reward of the services rendered by him.
  • (V. 18.) When He was besieging Vanavasi, which for a girdle has the rows of hamsa birds that sport on the high waves of the Varada as their play-place, and which by its wealth rivalled the city of the gods, that fortress on land, having the surface of the earth all around covered with the great sea of his army, to the looker-on seemed at once converted into a fortress in the water.
  • (V. 19.) Although in former days they had acquired happiness by renouncing the seven sins, the Ganga and Alupa lords, being subdued by His dignity, were always intoxicated by drinking the nectar of close attendance upon him.
  • (V. 20.) In the Konkanas the impetuous waves of the forces directed by Him speedily swept away the rising wavelets of pools-the Mauryas.
  • (V. 21.) When, radiant like the destroyer of Pura, He besieged Puri, the Fortune of the western sea, with hundreds of ships in appearance like arrays of rutting elephants, the sky, dark-blue as a young lotus and covered with tiers of massive clouds, resembled the sea, and the sea was like the sky.
  • (V. 22.) Subdued by His splendour, the Latas, Malavas and Gurjaras became as it were teachers of how feudatories, subdued by force, ought to behave.
  • (V. 23.) Harsha, whose lotus-feet were arrayed with the rays of the jewels of the diadems of hosts of feudatories prosperous with unmeasured might, through Him had his mirth (harsha) melted away by fear, having become loathsome with his rows of lordly elephants fallen in battle.
  • (V. 24.) While He was ruling the earth with his broad armies, the neighbourhood of the Vindhya., by no means destitute of the lustre of the many sandbanks of the Reva, shone even more brightly by his great personal splendour, having to be avoided by his elephants because, as it seemed, they by their bulk rivalled the mountains.
  • (V. 25.) Almost equal to Indra, He by means of all the three powers, gathered by him according to rule, and by his noble birth and other excellent qualities, acquired the sovereignty over the three Maharashtrakas with their nine and ninety thousand villages.
  • (V. 26.) Through the excellencies of their householders prominent in the pursuit of the three objects of life, and having broken the pride of other rulers of the earth, the Kalingas with the Kosalas by His army were made to evince signs of fear.
  • (V. 27.) Hard pressed (pishta) by Him, Pishtapura became a fortress not difficult of access; wonderful (to relate), the ways of the Kali age to Him were quite inaccessible!
  • (V. 28.) Ravaged by Him, the water of Kunala--coloured with the blood of men killed with many weapons, and the land within it overspread with arrays of accoutred elephants--was like the cloud-covered sky in which the red evening-twilight has risen.
  • (V. 29.) With his sixfold forces, the hereditary troops and the rest, who raised spotless chowries, hundreds of flags, umbrellas, and darkness, and who churned the enemy elated with the sentiments of heroism and energy, He caused the splendour of the lord of the Pallavas, who had opposed the rise of his power, to be obscured by the dust of his army, and to vanish behind the walls of Kanchipura.
  • (V. 30.) When straightway He strove to conquer the Cholas, the Kaveri, who has the darting carps for her tremulous eyes, had her current obstructed by the causeway formed by his elephants whose rutting-juice was dripping down, and avoided the contact with the ocean.
  • (V. 31.) There He caused great prosperity to the Cholas, Keralas and Pandyas, he being the hot-rayed son to the hoar-frost--the army of the Pallavas.
  • (V. 32.) While He, Satyashraya, endowed with the powers of energy, mastery and good counsel,--having conquered all the quarters, having dismissed the kings full of honours, having done homage to gods and Brahmans, having entered the city of Vatapi--is ruling, like one city, this earth which has the dark-blue waters of the surging sea for its moat;
  • (V. 33.) (Now) when thirty (and) three thousand and five years besides, joined with seven hundred years, have passed since the Bharata war;
  • (V. 34.) And when fifty (and) six and five hundred years of the Saka kings also have gone by in the Kali age;
  • (V. 35.) This stone mansion of Jinendra, a mansion of every kind of greatness, has been caused to be built by the wise Ravikirti, who has obtained the highest favour of that Satyashraya whose rule is bounded by the three oceans.
  • (V. 36.) Of this eulogy and of this dwelling of the Jina revered in the three worlds, the wise Ravikirti himself is the author and also the founder.
  • (V. 37.) May that Ravikirti be victorious, who full of discernment has used the abode of the Jina, firmly built of stone, for a new treatment of his theme, and who thus by his poetic skill has attained to the fame of Kalidasa and of Bharavi!
  • From: Epigraphia Indica, Vol. VI. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, 1901, 7-12.

Chiplun Copper-Plate Grant of Pulikeshin II (ca. 609-642 CE)

  • Victorious is the footprint, interspersed with the brightness of the toe-nails .............................................. .................... bowed down, of (the god) Vishnu, the creator of the (three) worlds, who traversed the whole universe in three strides!
  • (Line 1.) -In the lineage of - the Chalukyas, who are of the Manavya gotra (and) are Haritiputras, -of Kirtivarman (I.), the first maker of Vatapi, whose pious form was thoroughly well moistened by ablutions performed after celebrating many sacrifices, who was the abode of all auspiciousness, who was the king of favourites, (and) who was endowed with fame, the son (is)-
  • (L. 3.) -That ornament of the family of the Chalukyas, that asylum of all good qualities, that person who has but few foes, the glorious Satyashraya-(Pulikeshin II.) by name, whose besmearing with sandal-wood oil is rubbed off by (the clinging of) the bulky breasts of the goddess of fortune who practises (towards him) the vow of treating a husband like a god; whose pure fame plays the part of a husband towards the women of the Kinnaras in the hall of (Indra) the lord of the gods; who is a very sun just risen above the mountain of dawn which is (his) elephant, infuriated with rut, the head of which is bathed in the trickling stream of blood that flows forth from the hearts of the enemies which are cleft open by the thunder-bolt that is its tusk; who punishes wicked people; who receives with hospitality learned people and friends; who confers favours upon servants; who has lit up the field of battle with the flames of the fire that rises from the tusks of the elephants of the hostile kings which are split by the sword that is held in (his) hand; who is the sole aim of the arrows which are the eyes of nice young women; whose keen intellect is capable of examining the essence of the meaning of various Sastras; (and) who, (indeed) a king, having bravely planted (his) footstep over (his) enemies, has taught the goddess of fortune, who is fickle by nature, the observances of a true and faithful wife.
  • (L. 8.) -He, the king, issues a command to the inhabitants of the Avaretika vishaya to this effect :- "My maternal uncle, the ornament of the Sendrakas the most devout worshipper of (the god) Maheshvara, Srivallabha-Senanandaraja, who has acquired (a knowledge of all) the proper and improper practices of noble people, (and) who has covered all the spaces between the quarters of the compass with the canopy of (his) fame that was purchased by the price of his valour,-he, the king, in order to increase the religious merit of (his) parents and of himself, has given to Maheshvara, the son of Krishnasvamin, of the Atreya gotra, who has, performed sacrifices, these two things, free from the right of entry by the irregular and regular troops, by messengers, and by the king's servants,- (viz.) the village of Amravatavaka, and twenty at (the village of) Avanchapali on the (river) Varubenna. Let all kings, born in my race, and other rulers of the earth, and (all) feudatory chiefs in the world, be made to know (that) any ruler of the earth who may obstruct the enjoyment of this (grant), -to him will attach the penalty of one who commits the five sins."
  • (L. 14.) -And it has been said: -The earth has been enjoyed by many kings, commencing with Sagara; whosoever at any time possesses the earth, to him belongs, at that time, the reward (of this grant that is now made, if he continue it)! The giver of land enjoys happiness in heaven for sixty thousand years; (but) the confiscator (of a grant), and he who assents to (an act of confiscation), shall dwell for the same number of years in hell! O Yudhishthira, best of kings, carefully preserve land that has previously been given to the twice-born; (verily) the preservation (of a grant) is more meritorious than making a grant! Whosoever confiscates land that has been given, whether by himself or by another, -he is born as a worm in ordure, and is consumed together with (his) deceased ancestors! Those grants, productive of religion and wealth and fame, which have been formerly given here (on earth) by (previous) kings, (are) like worn-out garlands; verily what good man would take them back again? He who grants land, (whether simply) ploughed, (or) planted with seed, (or) full of crops, -he is treated with honour in heaven, for as long as the worlds, created by the sum, endure!
  • (L.20.) -Let prosperity attend the writer, the reader, and the hearers! Om!
  • From: Epigraphia Indica, Vol. III. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, 1894-95, 52-53.

References

  1. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. च-40
  2. ↑ Dr Ompal Singh Tugania: Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu, p.37, sn-731.
  3. ↑ Dr Ompal Singh Tugania: Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu, p.37, sn-731.
  4. ↑ Mahendra Singh Arya et al.: Adhunik Jat Itihas, p.242
  5. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter IV (Page 342)
  6. ↑ James Todd, Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Volume I,: Chapter 7 Catalogue of the Thirty Six Royal Races, pp. 116-119
  7. ↑ Ram Sarup Joon: History of the Jats/Chapter VI,p.116

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