Abhisari
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Abhisari (अभिसारी) was an ancient Kingdom ruled by Ambhi and won by Alexander the Great in 326 BC. They fought Mahabharata War in Kaurava's side
Origin
Variants
- Abhisara (अभिसार)
- Abhisari (अभिसारी) (AS, p.29)
- Abisares
- Αβισαρης (Greek),
- Embisarus (Εμβισαρος) by Diodorus,[1]
- Abisares (Anabasis by Arrian, p.257, 264, 279, 298, 301, 315)
History
Abisares (or Abhisara;[2] in Greek Αβισαρης), called Embisarus (Εμβισαρος) by Diodorus,[3] was an Indian king beyond the river Hydaspes, whose territory lay in the mountains, sent embassies to Alexander the Great both before and after the conquest of Porus in 326, although inclined to espouse the side of the latter.[4] Alexander not only allowed him to retain his kingdom, but increased it, and on his death in 325 appointed Abisares' son as his successor.[5]
Buddha Prakash[6] mentions ....To the north of Poros lay the realm of the king of Abhisara, comprising the Poonch, Rajori, Chibhal and Naoshera regions and encompassing almost the whole of Kashmira, as M’Crindle suggests. Its energetic king was quick in his diplomatic moves and had relations both with the Ashvakayana king of Mashakavati as well as the redoubtable Poros. Near him, in the Bhimber and Bajaur districts, to the south of Kashmira, was the flourishing kingdom of the Glausai or Glaukanikoi (Glaucukayana) with 37 big cities, the smallest containing not fewer than 5,000 inhabitants while many containing upwards of 10,000, and numerous big villages not less populous than the towns. These people maintained their independence in the face of the rising power of Poros.
Kingdom
Hazara (country), the Abisares of the Greeks, forms the North-western district of the Peshawar division. It was conquered by Arjuna.[7]
However, Stein identifies the kingdom of Abhisara with the tract of the lower and middle hills between the Vitasta (Jhelum) and Chandrabhaga (Chenab) including the state of Rajapuri (Rajauri) in Kasmira.[8][9][10]
The kingdom of Abhisara finds reference in ancient Indian texts also. In epic times and Buddhist times, it had formed integral part of Ancient Kamboja Mahajanapada. Old kingdom of Abhisara was basically situated in the Poonch, Rajauri and Nowshera districts of Jammu and Kashmir.[11][12][13]
अभिसारी
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[14] ने लेख किया है ...अभिसारी (AS, p.29): सभा पर्व महाभारत 27,19 में अभिसारी नामक नगरी पर अर्जुन द्वारा विजय प्राप्त करने का उल्लेख है-'अभिसारी ततो रम्यां विजिग्ये कुरुनन्दन:। उरगावासिनं चैव रोचमानं रणेऽजयत्'।
प्रसंग से सूचित होता है कि अभिसारी ग्रीक लेखकों का आबिसारिस नामक नगर या राज्य है जो तक्षशिला के उत्तर के पर्वतों में बसा हुआ था। अलक्षेंद्र के भारत पर आक्रमण के समय (327 ई.पू.), अभिसारी के राजा तथा तक्षशिला नरेश आंभी ने बिना युद्ध किए ही यवनराज से मित्रता की संधि कर ली थी। यह छोटा-सा राज्य चिनाब नदी के पश्चिम में पूंछ, राज़ोरी और भिंभर की पहाड़ियों में स्थित था। इस इलाके को छिमाल भी कहा जाता है। महाभारत के उद्धरण में उरगा या उरशा वर्तमान हज़ारा (पाकिस्तान) है।
छिमाल
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[15] ने लेख किया है ...छिमाल (AS, p.349) प्राचीन अभिसारी राज्य का प्रदेश, जिसमें चिनाब नदी के पश्चिम में स्थित पूंछ, राज़ोरी और भिंभर का क्षेत्र सम्मिलित है।
In Mahabharata
Abhisari (अभिसारी) Mahabharata (II.24.18),
Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 24 mentions countries subjugated by Arjuna that lay to the North. Abhisari (अभिसारी) is mentioned in Mahabharata (II.24.18).[16]....That Prince of the Kuru race (Arjuna) then took the delightful town of Abhisari (अभिसारी), and then brought under his sway Rochamana ruling in Uraga.
External links
References
- ↑ Diodorus, Bibliotheca, xvii. 90
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh (1910). "Alexander III (Alexander the Great)". Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition. 1.
- ↑ Diodorus, Bibliotheca, xvii. 90
- ↑ Flavius Arrianus Hist., Phil., Alexandri anabasis Book 5, chapter 20, section 5, line 4
- ↑ Waldemar Heckel: Who’s who in the age of Alexander the Great. Prosopography of Alexander’s empire. Blackwell, Oxford 2006, ISBN 978-1-4051-1210-9 (excerpt online); Strabo Geogr., Geographica Book 15, chapter 1, section 28, line 11; Διοδ. ΙΖ, 87; Curt, VIII, 43, 13. XLVII, 1. IX, 1, 7, X, 3, 20
- ↑ Buddha Prakash:Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, VIII. The Resistance to the Macedonian Invasion,p.73
- ↑ (Mahabharata, Sabha-Parva,Ch.27;JASD.(1852)p. 234)
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of ancient Indian geography By Subodh Kapoor-page-3
- ↑ "Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography". google.co.in.
- ↑ Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, v. 8, 20, 29; Curtius Rufus, Historiae Alexandri Magni, viii. 12-14, ix. 1, x. 1
- ↑ Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty, 1953, p 248, Hemchandra Raychaudhuri, University of Calcutta
- ↑ The Mahābhārata, Its Genesis and Growth: A Statistical Study, 1986, p 115, M. R. Yardi, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute - Mahābhārata; Military History of India, 1980, p 38, Hemendra Chandra Kar - History
- ↑ Journal of Indian History, 1969, p 123, University of Kerala Dept. of History, University of Allahabad Dept. of Modern Indian History, University of Travancore, University of Kerala - India.
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.29
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.349
- ↑ 18 अभिसारीं ततॊ रम्यां विजिग्ये कुरुनन्थनः, उरगावासिनं चैव रॊचमानं रणे ऽजयत (II.24.18)