Yemen

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)

Map of Yemen
Yeman in Middle East Countries

Yemen (Arabic: اليَمَن‎ al-Yaman) is an Arab country in Western Asia, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital is Sanaa.

Variants

Location

It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south, and Oman to the east.

Districts of Yemen

Name Population
Abs 133,824
Ad Dahi 54,503
Ad Dhale'e 80,213
Ad Dis 23,092
Ad Durayhimi 55,013
Adh Dhlia'ah 18,678
Aflah Al Yaman 38,874
Aflah Ash Shawm 54,054
Ahwar 25,246
Ain 22,051
Al Abdiyah 13,000
Al Abr 3,348
Al A'rsh 45,773
Al Ashah 43,859
Al Azariq 37,295
Al Bayda 40,289
Al Bayda City 29,853
Al Buraiqeh 62,405
Al Dhaher 22,394
Al Dhihar 154,399
Al Garrahi 89,163
Al Ghaydah 27,404
Al Ghayl 10,436
Al Had 53,159
Al Hada 143,100
Al Hajjaylah 9,694
Al Hali 168,071
Al Hashwah 14,274
Al Hawak 155,369
Al Hawtah 25,881
Al Haymah Ad Dakhiliyah 83,234
Al Haymah Al Kharijiyah 58,454
Al Hazm 30,952
Al Humaydat 20,026
Al Husha 60,178
Al Husn 30,124
Al Hussein 37,118
Al Jabin 71,777
Al Jafariyah 69,705
Al Jamimah 41,211
Al Jubah 21,093
Al Khabt 64,033
Al Khalq 14,123
Al Khawkhah 33,764
Alluheyah 105,682
Al Ma'afer 110,924
Al Madan 26,955
Al Madaribah Wa Al Arah 45,808
Al Maflahy 38,524
Al Maghrabah 64,440
Al Mahabishah 50,865
Al Mahfad 26,870
Al Mahwait 50,526
Al Mahwait City 20,134
Al Makhadir 113,892
Al Malagim 29,573
Al Manar 49,390
Al Mansura 114,931
Al Mansuriyah 44,744
Al Maqatirah 54,613
Al Marawi'ah 129,527
Al Mashannah 101,148
Al Masilah 10,404
Al Maslub 9,938
Al Matammah 28,935
Al Maton 28,411
Al Mawasit 115,857
Al Miftah 31,691
Al Mighlaf 39,436
Al Milah 27,636
Al Mina 91,843
Al Misrakh 112,653
Al Mualla 49,891
Al Mudhaffar 146,259
Al Mukalla 16,748
Al Mukalla City 184,635
Al Mukha 18,155
Al Munirah 37,183
Al Musaymir 26,558
Al Qabbaytah 94,516
Al Qaf 2,145
Al Qaflah 36,722
Al Qafr 103,272
Al Qahirah 149,394
Al Qanawis 72,336
Al Qatn 64,248
Al Quraishyah 29,525
Al Talh 9,404
Al Udayn 143,578
Al Wade'a 23,400
Al Wahdah 99,956
Al Wazi'iyah 75,288
Amd 20,052
Amran 96,375
An Nadirah 73,755
Anss 119,124
Arhab 90,038
Arma 10,188
Ar Radmah 76,576
Ar Rawdah 27,371
Ar Raydah Wa Qusayar 45,180
Ar Rujum 75,708
Ar Ryashyyah 22,842
Ash Shaghadirah 48,746
Ash Shahil 32,548
Ash Shaikh Outhman 105,248
Ash Sha'ir 39,805
Ash Shamayatayn 26,790
Ash Sharyah 33,873
Ash Shihr 73,482
Ash Shu'ayb 38,261
Aslem 49,227
As Sabain 311,203
As Sabrah 69,872
As Saddah 82,502
Assafi'yah 109,109
As Safra 50,845
As Said 35,034
As Salafiyah 82,540
As Salif 6,343
As Sawadiyah 26,763
As Sawd 25,892
As Sawm 12,666
As Sawma'ah 44,873
As Sayyani 110,515
As Silw 152,486
As Sudah 32,169
As Sukhnah 59,652
Ataq 37,315
Ath'thaorah 170,145
At Taffah 27,692
At Tahrir 66,898
At Ta'iziyah 109,814
Attawahi 52,984
At Tawilah 58,862
At Tuhayat 67,660
Attyal 36,253
Az Zahir 25,704
Az Zahir 24,065
Az'zal 115,054
Az Zaydiyah 95,048
Az Zuhrah 138,045
Ba'dan 116,045
Bajil 169,884
Bakil Al Mir 21,701
Bani Al Awam 52,222
Bani Al Harith 184,509
Bani Dhabyan 16,262
Bani Hushaysh 73,957
Bani Matar 100,012
Bani Qa'is 54,272
Bani Sa'd 59,015
Bani Suraim 32,698
Baqim 22,965
Bart Al Anan 59,463
Bayhan 48,347
Bayt Al Faqiah 241,300
Bidbadah 18,214
Bilad Ar Rus 31,259
Bilad At Ta'am 31,143
Brom Mayfa 17,327
Bura 45,116
Craiter 76,723
Damt 60,944
Dar Sad 79,712
Daw'an 43,836
Dawran Aness 121,553
Dhamar City 175,159
Dhar 9,927
Dhi As Sufal 163,019
Dhi Bin 30,799
Dhi Na'im 25,759
Dhubab 35,054
Dimnat 49,832
Far Al Udayn 89,011
Ghamr 19,718
Ghayl Ba Wazir 48,831
Ghayl Bin Yamin 28,120
Habban 29,846
Habil Jabr 41,474
Habur Zulaymah 39,334
Hagr As Sai'ar 2,474
Hajjah 29,533
Hajjah City 53,887
Hajr 25,566
Halimayn 27,871
Hamdan 85,370
Harad 93,523
Harf Sufyan 42,480
Harib 33,663
Harib Al Qaramish 8,573
Hat 2,786
Hatib 13,335
Hawf 5,143
Haydan 60,331
Hayfan 171,315
Hayran 15,491
Hays 45,436
Hazm Al Udayn 79,483
Hidaybu 34,011
Hubaysh 105,998
Hufash 37,884
Huraidhah 18,684
Huswain 11,130
Huth 22,267
Ibb 143,641
Iyal Surayh 54,015
Jabal Ash Sharq 62,034
Jabal Habashy 24,544
Jabal Iyal Yazid 84,393
Jabal Murad 10,280
Jabal Ra's 44,674
Jahaf 22,897
Jahran 86,590
Jardan 16,270
Jayshan 14,800
Jiblah 112,481
Jihanah 50,747
Juban 42,397
Kamaran 2,465
Khabb wa ash Sha'af 80,193
Khamir 73,225
Khanfir 109,044
Kharab Al Marashi 63,532
Kharif 45,977
Khayran Al Muharraq 68,707
Khur Maksar 47,044
Khwlan 28,925
Kitaf wa Al Boqe'e 43,034
Ku'aydinah 69,332
Kuhlan Affar 40,333
Kuhlan Ash Sharaf 44,760
Kushar 74,176
Kusmah 74,622
Lawdar 88,155
Ma'ain 265,469
Mabyan 50,732
Maghirib Ans 53,261
Mahliyah 9,156
Majz 68,598
Majzar 10,477
Manakhah 78,932
Man'ar 5,388
Maqbanah 62,471
Marib 39,495
Marib City 32,143
Mashra'a Wa Hadnan 109,533
Maswar 38,432
Maswarah 7,038
Mawiyah 129,765
Mawza 119,818
Mayfa'a 41,597
Mayfa'at Anss 60,854
Mazhar 64,661
Medghal 10,654
Merkhah Al Ulya 32,278
Merkhah As Sufla 40,635
Midi 16,604
Milhan 89,224
Monabbih 51,823
Mudhaykhirah 77,835
Mudiyah 34,879
Mukayras 41,515
Mustaba 42,531
Najrah 35,942
Na'man 9,252
Nati' 13,604
Nihm 41,502
Nisab 42,050
Old City 63,398
Qa'atabah 91,206
Qafl Shamer 50,439
Qarah 30,641
Qatabir 22,658
Qishn 11,441
Qulensya Wa Abd Al Kuri 10,109
Rada' 56,382
Radfan 45,570
Radman Al Awad 20,150
Raghwan 4,391
Rahabah 7,441
Rajuzah 73,723
Rakhyah 8,715
Rasad 54,825
Raydah 46,631
Razih 62,915
Rudum 23,244
Rumah 6,357
Sa'adah 58,695
Sabah 27,472
Sabir Al Mawadim 100,254
Sa'fan 33,722
Sah 24,146
Sahar 133,060
Salh 198,169
Sama 41,464
Sanhan 80,399
Saqayn 52,521
Sarar 15,093
Sayhut 11,746
Sayun 102,409
Shada'a 11,202
Shahan 3,152
Shaharah 43,738
Shara'b Ar Rawnah 186,955
Shara'b As Salam 146,650
Sharas 15,707
Shibam 48,829
Shibam Kawkaban 39,163
Shu'aub 213,939
Sibah 15,996
Sirwah 19,939
Suwayr 20,854
Tarim 100,617
Thamud 4,402
Thula 40,971
Tuban 83,444
Tur Al Bahah 47,426
Usaylan 31,518
Utmah 145,284
Wadhrah 10,928
Wadi Al Ayn 28,474
Wald Rabi' 19,427
Washhah 62,617
Wusab Al Ali 164,223
Wusab As Safil 149,531
Yabuth 9,862
Yafa'a 75,014
Yahr 37,148
Yarim 175,014
Zabid 155,585
Zamakh wa Manwakh 1,505
Zingibar 25,524

Population: 2004-12 census, final results.

Source - http://www.statoids.com/yye.html

Arabia Felix

Arabia Felix (literally: Fertile/Happy Arabia; also Ancient Greek: Εὐδαίμων Ἀραβία, Eudaemon Arabia) was the Latin name previously used by geographers to describe South Arabia,[1][2] or what is now Yemen.[3]

Etymology

One etymology derives Yemen from yamin, meaning "on the right side", as the south is on the right when facing the sunrise. Another derives Yemen from yumn, meaning "felicity", as much of the country is fertile. The Romans called it Arabia Felix (Happy Arabia) as opposed to Arabia Deserta (Deserted Arabia). Yemen was mentioned in Old South Arabian inscriptions as Yamnat.[4] In Arabic literature, the term Al-Yaman includes much greater territory than that of the republic of Yemen; it stretches from northern Asir to Dhofar.[5][6]

Jat History

The studies of Quzi Athar Mubarakpuri also bring to light that the Jats did not remain confined to Persia. They got settlement in different Parts of Arab land, which was under the Persian rule in those days. The Arab geographers testified that fact that in the coastal region of the Persian Gulf from Ubullah to Bahrain they had many pockets of their population and that they engaged themselves in different kind of work including cattle breeding. [7], [8] It is also confirmed by the Arab historians that in pre Islamic period their largest concentration was found in Ubullah, a fertile and pleasant place near the city of Basrah. Their second big settlement was in Bahrain where they had been residing in large numbers prior to the period of the prophet (SAW) as we are informed by Al-Baladhuri and other historians [9] In the same way, there are clear evidences for their settlement in Yemen before the advent of Islam and their important role in socio- political life of those days Yemen. In the times of pious Caliphs when Persia and many parts of the Arab region (previously ruled by Persian and Roman Kings) came under the Muslim army and a number of them got converted to Islam also. It is confirmed by different historical and geographical works, as cited by Maulana Mubarakpuri that they had settled in large number in Antioc and coastal town of Syria under the patronage of the pious and Umayyad caliphate (Khilafat-e-Rashidah and Banu Umayyab) [10], [11]

It is very interesting that we come to know through the studies of Maulana Mubarakpuri that the Jats residing in Bahrain, Yemen and other coastal regions in a large number had influenced the local Arabs by their language to such extent that the latter lost the originality and eloquence of their language. For the same reason the language of the people of the tribes of Banu Abd Qais and Azd was declared to be diluted and unauthentic due to their mingling and frequent interaction with Persian and Indian people. [12], [13]

Mention by Pliny

Pliny[14] mentions.... Charax is a city situate at the furthest extremity of the Arabian Gulf, at which begins the more prominent portion of Arabia Felix:50 it is built on an artificial elevation, having the Tigris on the right, and the Eulæus on the left, and lies on a piece of ground three miles in extent, just between the confluence of those streams. It was first founded by Alexander the Great, with colonists from the royal city of Durine, which was then destroyed, and such of his soldiers as were invalided and left behind. By his order it was to be called Alexandria, and a borough called Pella, from his native place, was to be peopled solely by Macedonians; the city, however, was destroyed by inundations of the rivers. Antiochus51, the fifth king of Syria, afterwards rebuilt this place and called it by his own name; and on its being again destroyed, Pasines, the son of Saggonadacus, and king of the neighbouring Arabians, whom Juba has incorrectly described as a satrap of king Antiochus, restored it, and raised embankments for its protection, calling it after himself. These embankments extended in length a distance of nearly three miles, in breadth a little less. It stood at first at a distance of ten stadia from the shore, and even had a harbour52 of its own. But according to Juba, it is fifty miles from the sea; and at the present day, the ambassadors from Arabia, and our own merchants who have visited the place, say that it stands at a distance of one hundred and twenty miles from the sea-shore. Indeed, in no part of the world have alluvial deposits been formed more rapidly by the rivers, and to a greater extent than here; and it is only a matter of surprise that the tides, which run to a considerable distance beyond this city, do not carry them back again. At this place was born Dionysius53, the most recent author of a description of the world; he was sent by the late emperor Augustus to gather all necessary information in the East, when his eldest54 son was about to set out for Armenia to take the command against the Parthians and Arabians.


50 Called "Eudemon" by Pliny.

51 The Great, the father of Antiochus Epiphanes.

52 Though this passage is probably corrupt, the reading employed by Sillig is inadmissible, as it makes nothing but nonsense. "Et jam Vip sanda porticus habet;" "and even now, Vipsanda has its porticos."

53 Dionysius of Charax. No particulars of him are known beyond those mentioned by Pliny.

54 Caius, the son of Marcus Agrippa and Julia, the daughter of Augustus. He was the adopted son of Augustus.

यमन

यमन (अरबी भाषा: اليَمَن अल-यमन) मध्यपूर्व एशिया का एक देश है, जो अरब प्रायद्वीप में दक्षिण पश्चिम में स्थित है। 2 करोड़ वाली आबादी वाले देश यमन की सीमा उत्तर में सऊदी अरब, पश्चिम में लाल सागर, दक्षिण में अरब सागर और अदन की खाड़ी और पूर्व में ओमान से मिलती है। यमन की भौगोलिक सीमा में लगभग 200 से ज्यादा द्वीप भी शामिल हैं, जिनमें सोकोत्रा द्वीप सबसे बड़ा है।

यमन अरब प्रायद्वीप के दक्षिण-पश्चिमी कोने पर स्थित एक स्वतंत्र राष्ट्र है। इसके केवल तीन और अंकित सीमा है तथा पूर्व की ओर निर्घारित नहीं है। पश्चिमी सीमा पर 300 मील की लंबाई में लाल सागर फैला हैं। यह एक पहाड़ी देश है। इसके उतर-पूर्व में रूब-एल-खाली मरूस्थल हैं। यहाँ 4000 से 1000 फुट ऊॅचे उपजाऊ पठार भी हैं। यहाँ कई नदियाँ (वादी) बहती हैं, जिनमें उतर में वादी नजरान तथा दक्षिण में रुब अल-ख़ाली तथा हदरामौत (Hadramawt) बहती हैं। यहाँ जनवरी का ताप 14 डिग्री सें० तथा गरम जून मास का ताप 22 डिग्री सें० रहता हैं। उच्च प्रदेशों पर 16 इंच वर्षा होती हैं। यहाँ धूल के तूफान अधिक चला करते हैं। वनस्पति में बबूल, खजूर तथा फलों के पेड़ प्रमुख हैं। यद्यपि यहाँ शुष्क वन अधिक मिलते हैं, फिर भी ऐल्पाइन गुलाब, बालम (गुल मेंहदी) तथा तुलसी के पौधे पठरों तथा वादियों के किनारे मिलते हैं। जीवजंतुओं में बबून, हरिण (gazelle), तेंदुए, पहाड़ी खरगोश आदि प्रमुंख हैं। पक्षियों में गिद्ध, सारस, बगुला, तोता, हॉर्नबिल, चटखोरा आदि मिलते हैं।

यहाँ की राजधानी साना है। अन्य प्रमुख नगर ताइज़ (Ta'izz), अल-हुदैदाह (al Hudaydah), बैत अल-फकीह (Bayt al Faqih) हैं। अरबी यहाँ की प्रमुख भाषा है। यहाँ का धर्म इस्लाम है। केवल ५% भूमि पर कृषि की जाती है। उच्च प्रदेश प्रमुख कृषिस्थल हैं। शुष्क कृषि में कॉफी का स्थान अति प्राचीन कल से प्रमुख है। काट (Qat) की पैदावार तेजी से कॉफी का स्थान ले रही है। फलों में सेब, खूबानी, केला, कई प्रकार के अंगूर, नीबू, आडू, नारंगी तथा कई प्रकार के तरबूज अधिक उगाए जाते हैं। बादाम तथा अन्य काष्ठफल भी उगते हैं। जौ, जई, कम्मा, ज्वार, बाजरा, धान, तिल तथा सोरघम का खाद्यान्नों में प्रमुख स्थान है। पठारों तथा समुद्री तटों पर गेहूँ भी उगाया जाता है। खनिजों में नमक तथा चूने के पत्थर का स्थान प्रमुख है।

External links

References

  1. New Geographical Dictionary (Springfield, Mass., 1972), p. 63.
  2. Graf, D.; R. Talbert; S. Gillies; T. Elliott; J. Becker (15 December 2020). "Places: 746710 (Arabia Eudaemon)". Pleiades.
  3. Sergeant, R. B. & Lewcock, R. (eds.), Sanʻa: An Arabian Islamic City, London 1983
  4. Jawād ʻAlī (1968) [Digitized 17 February 2007]. الـمـفـصـّل في تـاريـخ العـرب قبـل الإسـلام [Detailed history of Arabs before Islam] (in Arabic) 1. Dār al-ʻIlm lil-Malāyīn. p. 171.
  5. Robert D. Burrowes Historical Dictionary of Yemen p.145 Rowman & Littlefield, 2010 ISBN 0-81-085528-3
  6. "He was worshiped by the Madhij and their allies at Jorash (Asir) in Northern Yemen" William Robertson Smith Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia P.193 ISBN 1117531937
  7. Al Baladhrui, Futuh al-Buldan, al Matba al-Misriah, Cairo , 1932 pp. 166,367,369
  8. Qazi Athar, P.66
  9. Al Tabari, Tarikh-i-Tabari. Barul Maarif, Cairo 1962, III/304
  10. Qazi Athar, pp, 66-67
  11. Zafarul Islam: Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri’s Studies on Jats, The Jats, Vol. II, Ed. Dr Vir Dingh, Delhi, 2006. p. 27
  12. Quzi Athar, p. 69
  13. Zafarul Islam: Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri’s Studies on Jats, The Jats, Vol. II, Ed. Dr Vir Dingh, Delhi, 2006. p. 29
  14. Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 31