Bhauma
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Bhauma (भौम) was name of a country and tribe mentioned in Mahabharata. Bhaumasura (भौमासुर) was a rich King of Mahabharata period. He was enemy of Krishna.
Variants
- Bhauma भौम (AS, p.682)
- Bhaumasura (भौमासुर)
Jat clans
Bhaubhia (भौभिया) gotra of Jats are said to be started from their ancestral person of the period of Mahabharata named Bhauma (भौम). [1]
Birth of Bhauma
Once when Lord Shiva was engrossed in 'deep meditation' ( upon his abode Mount Kailash, three drops of perspiration originated from his forehead and fell down on the earth. From those drops manifested a very beautiful infant, who was of reddish complexion and who had four arms.
The child was handed over to the earth goddess, Bhumi for upbringing by Lord Shiva. The child was named Bhauma as he was nurtured and brought up by 'Bhumi' (earth).
When Bhauma grew up, he went to Kashi and did a tremendous penance to please lord Shiva. Lord Shiva blessed him by granting him 'Mangala-loka (the Abode of Mangala), which was superior even to the 'Shukra-loka' (the Abode of the god of Venus - Shukra). The same 'Bhauma' is established in the solar system by the name of Mangala (the planet Mars).[2]
In Mahabharata
Bhauma (भौम) Mahabharata (VI.10.46)
Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 10 describes geography and provinces of Bharatavarsha. Bhauma (भौम) is mentioned in Mahabharata (VI.10.46). [3]....the Aparantas, the Shudras, the Pahalvas, the Charmakhandikas; the Atavis, Shabaras, Marus, Bhaumas, and Marishas,....
In Śrīmad Bhāgavatam
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam[4] tells about Bhaumasura in various shlokas as under:
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 1.10.29
- pramathya caidya-pramukhān hi śuṣmiṇaḥ
- pradyumna-sāmbāmba-sutādayo 'parā
- yāś cāhṛtā bhauma-vadhe sahasraśaḥ
Translation - The children of these ladies are Pradyumna, Sāmba, Amba, etc: Ladies like Rukmiṇī, Satyabhāmā and Jāmbavatī were forcibly taken away by Him from their svayaḿvara ceremonies after He defeated many powerful kings, headed by Śiśupāla. And other ladies were also forcibly taken away by Him after He killed Bhaumāsura and thousands of his assistants. All of these ladies are glorious.
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 10.2.1-2
- pralamba-baka-cāṇūra-
- tṛṇāvarta-mahāśanaiḥ
- muṣṭikāriṣṭa-dvivida-
- pūtanā-keśī-dhenukaiḥ
- anyaiś cāsura-bhūpālair
- bāṇa-bhaumādibhir yutaḥ
- yadūnāḿ kadanaḿ cakre
- balī māgadha-saḿśrayaḥ
Translation - Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Under the protection of Magadharāja, Jarāsandha, the powerful Kaḿsa began persecuting the kings of the Yadu dynasty. In this he had the cooperation of demons like Pralamba, Baka, Cāṇūra, Tṛṇāvarta, Aghāsura, Muṣṭika, Ariṣṭa, Dvivida, Pūtanā, Keśī, Dhenuka, Bāṇāsura, Narakāsura and many other demoniac kings on the surface of the earth.
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 10.59.2-3
indreṇa hṛta-chatreṇa
hṛta-kuṇḍala-bandhunā
hṛtāmarādri-sthānena
jñāpito bhauma-ceṣṭitam
sa-bhāryo garuḍārūḍhaḥ
prāg-jyotiṣa-puraḿ yayau
giri-durgaiḥ śastra-durgair
jalāgny-anila-durgamam
mura-pāśāyutair ghorair
dṛḍhaiḥ sarvata āvṛtamTranslation - Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: After Bhauma had stolen the earrings belonging to Indra's mother, along with Varuṇa's umbrella and the demigods' playground at the peak of Mandara mountain, Indra went to Lord Kṛṣṇa and informed Him of these misdeeds. The Lord, taking His wife Satyabhāmā with Him, then rode on Garuḍa to Prāgyotiṣa-pura, which was surrounded on all sides by fortifications consisting of hills, unmanned weapons, water, fire and wind, and by obstructions of mura-pāśa wire.
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 10.59.12
vasur nabhasvān aruṇaś ca saptamaḥ
pīṭhaḿ puraskṛtya camū-patiḿ mṛdhe
bhauma-prayuktā niragan dhṛtāyudhāḥTranslation - Ordered by Bhaumāsura, Mura's seven sons — Tāmra, Antarikṣa, Śravaṇa, Vibhāvasu, Vasu, Nabhasvān and Aruṇa — followed their general, Pīṭha, onto the battlefield bearing their weapons.
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 10.59.16
tad bhauma-sainyaḿ bhagavān gadāgrajo
vicitra-vājair niśitaiḥ śilīmukhaiḥ
nikṛtta-bāhūru-śirodhra-vigrahaḿ
cakāra tarhy eva hatāśva-kuñjaramTranslation - At that moment Lord Gadāgraja shot His sharp arrows at Bhaumāsura's army. These arrows, displaying variegated feathers, soon reduced that army to a mass of bodies with severed arms, thighs and necks. The Lord similarly killed the opposing horses and elephants.
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 10.59.32
śrī-śuka uvāca
iti bhūmy-arthito vāgbhir
bhagavān bhakti-namrayā
dattvābhayaḿ bhauma-gṛham
prāviśat sakalarddhimat
Translation - Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Thus entreated by Goddess Bhūmi in words of humble devotion, the Supreme Lord bestowed fearlessness upon her grandson and then entered Bhaumāsura's palace, which was filled with all manner of riches.
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 10.59.33
ṣaṭ-sahasrādhikāyutam
bhaumāhṛtānāḿ vikramya
rājabhyo dadṛśe hariḥTranslation - There Lord Kṛṣṇa saw sixteen thousand royal maidens, whom Bhauma had taken by force from various kings.
भौम
भौम (AS, p.682) विष्णु पुराण 4,24,65 में उल्लिखित देश-- 'कलिंग माहिषमहेंद्रभौमान् गुहा भोक्ष्यन्ति'. प्रसंग अनुसार इसकी स्थिति उड़ीसा में जान पड़ती है. विष्णु पुराण ने इस प्रदेश में गुप्त या पूर्वगुप्त काल में जो विष्णु पुराण का निर्माण काल है, अनार्य गुहों का शासन बतलाया है.[5]
References
- ↑ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudee, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihas, Agra 1998 p. 273
- ↑ Shiva Purana - Chap 2.71
- ↑ अपरन्ध्राश च शूद्राश च पह्लवाश चर्म खण्डिकाः, अटवी शबराश चैव मरु भौमाश च मारिष (VI.10.46)
- ↑ Reference - http://vedabase.net/b/bhauma
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.682
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