Chitrangada Mori

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Chitrangada Mori (चित्रांगद मोरी) (also called Chitrangada , Chitranga, Chitrung, Chitrung Mori) was Mori/Mauryan ruler founder of Chittorgarh as inscribed on the coins found belonging to that period.[1] Chittorgarh's ancient name was Chitrakuta (चित्रकूट) after its founder Chitrangada Mori.

Mori Empire at it's maximum peak under Dhaval Maurya(644 AD)

Clan of Chitrangada Mori

James Tod [2] writes that Chitrung Mori was Puar lord of Cheetore.

Jat clans originated from Chitrangada Mori

History

This resplendent hill fort in Rajasthan covers an area of 700 acres and extends up to 3 kilometers in length. Chittorgarh Fort is perched atop a hillock at an elevation of 180m. This first hill fort of Rajasthan is believed to be erected by Mauryan rulers during the 7th century AD. It is also believed that the fort is named after the Mauryan ruler Chitrangada Mori, as inscribed on the coins found belonging to that period.[4]

राजस्थान में मौरवंशी जाटों का राज्य

दलीप सिंह अहलावत[5] के अनुसार भारत का इतिहास (प्री-यूनिवर्सिटी कक्षा के लिए) लेखक अविनाशचन्द्र अरोड़ा ने पृ० 104 पर लिखा है कि “शुंग जाति के एक ब्राह्मण नवयुवक पुष्यमित्र ने 184 ई० पू० में मौर्यों के अन्तिम सम्राट् वृहद्रथ का वध करके साम्राज्य के केन्द्रीय प्रदेशों पर अपना अधिकार कर लिया। इस प्रकार भारत के प्रथम प्रसिद्ध साम्राज्य का अन्त हुआ।” इसकी पुष्टि, ‘हिन्दुस्तान तारीख उर्दू’ पृ० 232 पर की है - “ब्राह्मण लोग अशोक के सिद्धान्तों के विरुद्ध थे। इसलिए वह मौर्य साम्राज्य के पतन में लगे हुये थे। इस वंश के अन्तिम सम्राट् वृहद्रथ को उसके सेनापति ब्राह्मण पुष्यमित्र ने मारकर स्वयं राज्य ले लिया।”

इस तरह से मौर्य-मौरवंशी जाटों का पाटलिपुत्र राजधानी पर 138 वर्ष शासन रहकर समाप्त हो गया। इन लोगों का राजस्थान में राज्य अवश्य रह गया, जो कि आज के चित्तौड़ पर था। यह नगर चित्रकूट के नाम पर मौर्य राजा चित्रांगद ने बनवाया था। उसी राजा ने चित्रंग तालाब का भी निर्माण कराया। ऐसा वर्णन “कुमारपाल प्रबन्ध” पत्र 30-2 में आता है। इसी के वंशज राजा मान मौर्यवंशी ने चित्तौड़ के पास मानसरोवर बनवाया[6]। इसमें से 713 ई० में खुदवाया हुआ एक शिलालेख प्राप्त हुआ जिसमें माहेश्वर भीम, भोज और मान का चित्तौड़ पर राज्य करना प्रमाणित होता है[7]

इसी राजा मान मौर्य के धेवते वाप्पा रावल ने भीलों के बल पर अपने नाना को मारकर चित्तौड़ का राज्य छीन लिया। जैसा कि राजप्रशस्ति महाकाव्य सर्ग 3 में लिखा है -

ततः स निर्जित्य नृपं तु मौरी जातीयभूपं मनुराजसंज्ञम्।
गृहीतवांश्चित्रितचित्रकूटं चक्रेऽत्र राज्यं नृपचक्रवर्ती॥

मुहणोंत नैणसी ने भी अपनी ख्यात में “मौरी दल मारेव राज रायांकुर लीधौ,” लिखकर इसी सत्यता को पुष्ट किया है[8]राजा मान मौर सन् 713 ई० में राज्य करता था। इसका धेवता वाप्पा रावल जो कि बल वंश का था, ने भीलों की मदद से धोखा देकर इसको मार दिया और चित्तौड़ राज्य का शासक बन गया। इसने यहां पर गोहिलवंश के नाम पर राज्य स्थापित किया[9]

Morwan the earlier capital of Chitrangada Mori

We have researched the matter provided by James Tod and found that before establishing Chittor as capital Chitrangada Mori lived in village called Morwan. Morwan is a village in Dungla tahsil of Chittorgarh district in Rajasthan.

James Tod (James Todd Annals/Personal Narrative, pp. 564-565]) visited Morwun village on February 1st, 1820 and has provided us following details:


Morwun, February 1st, 1820 — Yesterday, Maun Sing took up the whole of my time with the feuds of Lawah and their consequences. It obliged me to halt, in order to make inquiries into the alienated lands in its vicinity. Morwun is, or rather was, a township of some consequence, and head of a tuppa or subdivision of a district. It is rated, with its contiguous hamlets, at seven thousand rupees annual rent. The situation is beautiful, upon heights pleasingly diversified, with a fine lake to the westward, whose margin is studded with majestic tamarind trees. The soil is rich, and there is water in great abundance within twenty-five feet of the surface ; but man is wanting ! The desolation of solitude reigns throughout, for (as Rousseau observes) there is none to whom one can turn and say, que la solitude est belle !

I experienced another pang at seeing this fertile district revert to the destroyer, the savage Pat'han, who had caused the desolation, and in the brief but expressive words of a Roman author, solitudinem facit, pacem appellat. Morwun is included in the lands mortgaged for a war-contribution, but which with others has remained in the hands of the Mahratta mortgagees or their mercenary subordinates. But it is melancholy to reflect that, but for a false magnanimity towards our insidious, natural enemies, the Mahrattas, all these lands would have reverted to their legitimate masters, who are equally interested with ourselves in putting down predatory warfare. Justice, good policy, and humanity, would have been better consulted had the Mahrattas been wholly banished from Central India. When I contrasted this scene with the traces of incipient prosperity I had left behind me, I felt a satisfaction that the alienated acres produced nothing to the possessor, save luxuriant grass, and the leafless kesoola or plas.

Morwun has some claims to antiquity ; it derives its appellation from the Mori tribe, who ruled here before they obtained Cheetore. The ruins of a fort, still known by the name of Chitrung Mori's castle, are pointed out as his residence ere he founded Cheetore, or


[p.565]: lore properly Cheetrore. The tradition runs thus: Chitrung, a subordinate of the imperial house of Dhar, held Morwun and the adjacent tract, in appanage. One of his subjects, while ploughing, struck the share against some hard substance, and on examination band it was transmuted to gold. This was the paris-puttur* or philosopher's stone,' and he carried it forthwith to his lord, with whose aid he erected the castle, and enlarged the town of Morwun, and ultimately founded Cheetore. The (dhoollcote, or site of Mori-ca-puttun, is yet pointed out, to the westward of the present Morwun.

It was miraculously destroyed through the impieties of its inhabitants by fire, which fate recalls a more celebrated catastrophe ; but the act of impiety in the present case was merely seizing a rishi, or ' hermit,' while performing penance in the forest, and compelling him to carry radishes to market ! The tradition, however, is of some value ; it proves, first, that there were radishes in those days ; and secondly, that volcanic eruptions occurred in this region. Oojein- Ahar, in the valley of Oodipoor, and the lake of which is said in some places to be a'tac, ' deeper than plummet sounded,' is another proof of some grand commotion of nature. Morwun boasts of three mindras, or temples, one of which is dedicated to Schesnag, the thousand-headed hydra which supports the globe. Formerly, saffron was the meet offering to this king of reptiles ; but he is now obliged to be content with ointment of sandal, produced from the evergreen, which is indigenous to Mewar.

References

  1. http://insightsindia.blogspot.in/201....XbdusmHf.dpuf
  2. Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Volume II, p.695.
  3. Mahendra Singh Arya et al.: Adhunik Jat Itihas, Agra 1998, p.242
  4. http://insightsindia.blogspot.in/201....XbdusmHf.dpuf
  5. जाट वीरों का इतिहास: दलीप सिंह अहलावत, पृष्ठ.312-313
  6. जाटों का उत्कर्ष, पृ० 343-44, लेखक कविराज योगेन्द्रपाल शास्त्री।
  7. भारत में जाट राज्य उर्दू पृ० 293, लेखक कविराज योगेन्द्रपाल शास्त्री।, (जाट्स दी ऐनशन्ट रूलर्ज, पृ० 287, लेखक बी० एस० दहिया); राजपूताने का इतिहास पृ० 95, लेखक गौरीशंकर हीराचन्द ओझा।
  8. जाटों का उत्कर्ष, पृ० 343-44, लेखक कविराज योगेन्द्रपाल शास्त्री।
  9. भारत में जाट राज्य उर्दू पृ० 293, लेखक कविराज योगेन्द्रपाल शास्त्री।

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