Vrindavan

Location of Vrindavan in Mathura district

Vrindavan (वृन्दावन) is town in Mathura tahsil in Mathura district in Uttar Pradesh.

Variants of name

• Vrindavan वृंदावन, जिला मथुरा, उ.प्र., (AS, p.868)
• Mominabad (मोमिनाबाद) = वृंदावन (AS, p.763)
• Carisobora
• Carisoborka
• Clisobora
• Kalilcabarta
• Kalikavartta
• Kalikoborta
• Klisoboras
• Kalisoborka
• Vrindavan
• Vrindavana
• Vrindawan
• Chrysobora (Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 22,fn.20)

Mention by Pliny

Pliny mentions 'The Ganges'....The river Jomanes runs into the Ganges through the territory of the Palibothri, between the cities of Methora¹⁹ and Chrysobora.²⁰ In the regions which lie to the south²¹ of the Ganges, the people are tinted by the heat of the sun, so much so as to be quite coloured, but yet not burnt black, like the Æthiopians. The nearer²² they approach the Indus, the deeper their colour, a proof of the heat of the climate.

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20 Or Clisobora, according to Hardouin. It does not appear to have been identified.

21 In the Indian Peninsula, constituting more especially the presidency of Madras.

22 It is clear that he looks upon the countries of the Indus as lying to the south of the Ganges.

History

Alexander Cunningham writes that The city of Klisoboras has not yet been identified, but I feel satisfied that it must be Vrindavana, 6 miles to the north of Mathura. Vrindavana means the " grove of basil-trees," which is famed over all India as the scene of Krishna's sports with the milkmaids. But the earlier name of the place was Kalikavartta, or " Kalika's whirlpool," because the serpent Kalika was fabled to have taken up his abode just above the town, in a Kadamb tree, overhanging the Jumna. Here he was attacked by Krishna, and the rapid convolutions of his tail in his dying struggles are said to have caused the eddy, which is now known by his name. Now, the Latin name of Clisobora is also written Carisobora and Carisoborka in different MSS., from which I infer that the original spelling was Kalisoborka, or, by a slight change of two letters, Kalikoborta or Kalilcabarta. In the Prem Sagar this whirlpool of the Jumna is attributed to the poison that was vomited forth by the serpent Kali against Krishna, when he was swimming in the river. Allusion is made to the natural increase of the serpent's poison by offerings of milk, which would seem to refer to a previous state of serpent-worship. Milk offerings are still made occasionally, but only to test the divine nature of the serpent, who is supposed to possess the most miraculous powers of drinking. In the last century, Raja Chet Singh, of Benares, is said to have poured all the milk of the two cities of Mathura and Vrindavan down the hollow Kadamb tree, and as the waters of the Jumna were not even tinged, the serpent Kalika's miraculous powers of milk- drinking were established more firmly than ever.

Sack of Vrindaban by Abdali: 6th March 1757

Girish Chandra Dwivedi writes.... Ahmad Shah Abdali's Jat Expedition: [p.179]: Hardly had Suraj Mal got relief from the internal crisis, when the Abdali invaded India, (December, 1756). Partly on his own and partly at the supplications of Mughalani Begam, Najib and others, Ahmad Shah Abdali swooped down on the imperil Capital (January, 1757) without meeting any effective resistance on his way. The invaders methodically sacked, tortured and outraged the populace of the Capital. Alamgir was deposed, Imad imprisoned and the Wizarat conferred upon Intizam on his promising to give two crores to the Shah. To escape the Afghan havoc, about half the population of the city flocked to popular refuge, the Jat dominions. However, unlike their earlier behaviour, the Jats this time added to the misery of the refugees by extorting money from them at every post from Badarpur to Mathura. Yet, such a heavy influx continued that getting accommodation became difficult at Mathura.

Girish Chandra Dwivedi writes....Woeful was the tale of the countryside as well. The Afghans perpetrated rape, rapine and unmitigated bloodshed all round. About 6th March the people of Vrindaban, another sacred place, were put to the sword and their property was plundered by Jahan Khan and Najib. Our informer relates:

Where ever you gazed you beheld heaps of slain; you could only pick your way with difficulty owing to the quantity of bodies lying about and the amount of blood split. At one place we reached, we saw about two hundred dead children lying in a heap ... The stench and feter and effiuvium in the air were such that it was painful to open your mouth or even draw a breath.³⁰

Jat History

Vrindavan is one of the famous places related with Brijmandal holy places related with the childhood of Sri Krishana.

The Jat rulers of Bharatpur constructed several religious and secular buildings here including famous palaces to make their stay at this place pleasurable.

Raja Mahendra Pratap was an educationalist, social reformer and revolutionary freedom fighter at the same time, who believed in providing the vocational training for the youth to make them self sufficient to earn their livelihood with sense of dignity. On May 24, 1909, he started a Technical Institute named Prem Mahavidyalya at Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh. This was an effort in the direction to bring India at par with European Countries in the advancement of science and technology in those days.

Jat Gotra

Thenuva

वृंदावन, जिला मथुरा

वृंदावन (AS, p.868) जिला मथुरा, उ.प्र., में मथुरा से 6 मील की दूरी पर उत्तर-पश्चिम में यमुना तट पर स्थित है। यह कृष्ण की लीलास्थली है। हरिवंश पुराण, श्रीमद्भागवत, विष्णु पुराण आदि में वृन्दावन की महिमा का वर्णन किया गया है। कालिदास ने इसका उल्लेख रघुवंश में इंदुमती-स्वयंवर के प्रसंग में शूरसेनाधिपति सुषेण का परिचय देते हुए किया है- 'संभाव्य भर्तारममुंयुवानंमृदुप्रवालोत्तरपुष्पशय्ये, वृन्दावने चैत्ररथादनूनं निर्विशयतां संदरि यौवनश्री' रघुवंश 6,50. इससे कालिदास के समय में वृन्दावन के मनोहारी उद्यानों की स्थिति का ज्ञान होता है। श्रीमद्भागवत के अनुसार गोकुल से कंस के अत्याचार से बचने के लिए नंद जी कुटुंबियों और सजातियों के साथ वृन्दावन निवास के लिए आये थे-- वनं वृन्दावनं नाम पशव्यं नवकाननं गोपगोपीगवां सेव्य पुण्याद्रितृणवीरूधम्। तत्तत्राद्यैव यास्याम: शकटान्युड्क्तमाचिरम् , गोधनान्यग्रतो यान्तु भवतां यदि रोचते। वृन्दावन सम्प्रविष्य सर्वकालसुखावहम्, तत्र चकु: व्रजावासं शकटैरर्धचन्द्रवत्। वृंदावन गोवर्धनं यमुनापुलिनानि च, वीक्ष्यासीदुत्तमाप्रीती राममाधवयोर्नृप' श्रीमद्भागवत, 10,11,28-29-35-36 ।

विष्णु पुराण में इसी प्रसंग का उल्लेख है-- 'वृन्दावन भगवता कृष्णेनाक्लिष्टकर्मणा शुभेण मनसाध्यातं गवां सिद्विमभीप्सता। 'विष्णुपुराण 5,6,28 विष्णुपुराण में अन्यत्र वृन्दावन में कृष्ण की लीलाओं का वर्णन भी है--'यथा एकदा तु विना रामं कृष्णो वृन्दावन ययु:'विष्णुपुराण 5,7,1 ; दे. विष्णुपुराण 5,13,24 आदि।

कहते है कि वर्तमान वृन्दावन असली या प्राचीन वृन्दावन नहीं है। श्रीमद्भागवत 10,36 के वर्णन तथा अन्य उल्लेखों से जान पड़ता है कि प्राचीन वृन्दावन गोवर्धन के निकट था। गोवर्धन-धारण की प्रसिद्ध कथा की स्थली वृन्दावन ही थी. अतः वृंदावन गोवर्धन पर्वत के पास ही स्थित रहा होगा न कि वर्तमान वृंदावन के स्थान पर. महाप्रभु वल्लभाचार्य के मत में मूल वृंदावन पारसौली (=परम रासस्थली) के निकट था। महा कवि सूरदास इसी ग्राम में दीर्घकाल तक रहे थे।

कहा जाता है कि प्राचीन वृन्दावन मुसलमानों के शासन काल में उनके निरंतर आक्रमणों के कारण नष्ट हो गया था और कृष्णलीला की स्थली का कोई अभिज्ञान शेष नहीं रहा था। 15वीं [p.869] शती में चैतन्य महाप्रभु ने अपनी ब्रजयात्रा के समय वृन्दावन तथा कृष्ण कथा से संबंधित अन्य स्थानों को अपने अंतर्ज्ञान द्वारा पहचाना था।

वर्तमान वृन्दावन में प्राचीनतम मंदिर राजा मानसिंह का बनवाया हुआ है। यह मुग़ल सम्राट अकबर के शासनकाल में बना था। मूलत: यह मंदिर सात मंजिलों का था। ऊपर के दो खंड औरंगज़ेब ने तुड़वा दिए थे। कहा जाता है कि इस मंदिर के सर्वोच्च शिखर पर जलने वाले दीप मथुरा से दिखाई पड़ते थे। यहाँ का विशालतम मंदिर रंगजी के नाम से प्रसिद्ध है। यह दाक्षिणत्य शैली में बना हुआ है। इसके गोपुर बड़े विशाल एवं भव्य हैं। यह मंदिर दक्षिण भारत के श्रीरंगम के मंदिर की अनुकृति जान पड़ता है। वृन्दावन के अन्य दर्शनीय स्थल हैं- निधिवन, कालियादह, सेवाकुंज आदि।

मोमिनाबाद

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर ने लेख किया है .... 2. मोमिनाबाद (AS, p.763) = वृंदावन (उत्तर प्रदेश) का औरंगजेब द्वारा दिया गया नाम जो कभी प्रचलित ना हो सका.

Jat Monuments

• Jamuna Mai Jat Dharmshala Vrindavan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
• Palaces of the Jat Rulers of Bharatpur at Vrindavan

Keshi Ghat Vrindavan

• Keshi Ghat Vrindavan - It wasb Built by Maharaja Suraj Mal for his wife Maharani Laxmi Devi. It is one of the best architectural religious Ghats of India. It is very beautiful and well developed. केशी घाट वृंदावन। इसे भरतपुर के महाराजा सूरजमल जी ने अपनी पत्नी महारानी लक्ष्मी देवी जी के लिए बनवाया था। यह भारतवर्ष के सबसे सुंदर धार्मिक घाटों में से एक है। यह भारतीय निर्माण कला और भक्ति का एक बेहतरीन नमूना है।

Gallery

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  Keshi Ghat, Vrindavan...Built by Maharaja Surajmal for his wife Maharani Laxmi Devi. It is one of the best architectural religious Ghats of India. It is very beautiful and well developed. केशी घाट वृंदावन। इसे भरतपुर के महाराजा सूरजमल जी ने अपनी पत्नी महारानी लक्ष्मी देवी जी के लिए बनवाया था। यह भारतवर्ष के सबसे सुंदर धार्मिक घाटों में से एक है। यह भारतीय निर्माण कला और भक्ति का एक बेहतरीन नमूना है।

References

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