Khandesh
Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Khandesh (खानदेश) was ancient name of the north-western region of Maharashtra. Asirgarh was an important fort in Khandesh.[1] [2]
Variants
- Khanadesha (खानदेश) (AS, p.256)
Jat Gotras
History
Ram Sarup Joon[3] writes ....The Ahir population is dense in districts Mirzapur, Khandesh and Badayun and on this account that part is called Ahir Vati. With the passage of time these Ahirs have lost trace of their actual Gotras.
Ram Sarup Joon[4] writes ....The Ahir Brahmin. Ahir Sunar, Ahir Sweeper and Ahir Koli castes are found in Khandesh. Ahirs in North Western parts of India have similar customs to the Jats. Widow marriage is practiced by them.
Epigraphic evidence indicates the existence of an Abhira kingdom in the 14th Century in Khandesh[5] [6]
Burhanpur was an important city under Rashtrakuta Dynasty during 753–982. During excavations in Tapti River & Asirgarh Fort many coins, goddess idols and temples discovered which belongs to prehistoric era. But, Burhanpur got its name and fame during medieval time.
In 1388, Malik Nasir Khan, the Faruqi dynasty Sultan of Khandesh discovered Burhanpur, at the behest of Shaikh Zainuddin and renamed it after a well known medieval sufi saint, Burhan-ud-Din. Burhanpur became the capital of the Khandesh sultanate. Later, Miran Adil Khan II (reigned 1457–1501), another sultan of this dynasty built a citadel and a number of palaces in Burhanpur. During his long reign, Burhanpur was transformed to a major centre for trade and textile production. In 1601, Mughal emperor Akbar annexed the Khandesh sultanate and Burhanpur became the capital of Khandesh Subah of the Mughal empire.In 1609 Jahangir appointed his second son Parvez to the governorship of the Mughal provinces of the Deccan, and the prince chose Burhanpur as his headquarters.
Shah Jahan spent a considerable time in this city, and helped add to the Shahi Qila. The Shahi Qila is one majestic palace in Burhanpur, located to the east of the Tapti River. Diwan-i-Aam and Diwan-i-Khas were built on the terrace of the Qila. Little of it remains today as the Qila is mostly in ruins now. However, the parts of the Palace that still stands displays amazing works of sculpture and exquisite carvings. The main attraction at the palace is the haram or the royal bath. It was specifically built for Shah Jahan's wife, Begum Mumtaz Mahal, so that she could enjoy a luxurious bath. It is said that she died here giving birth to her fourteenth child. Even today, the ceiling has many intricate paintings. One of these paintings depicts a monument which is said to have been the inspiration for the Taj Mahal.
Mughal wealth plundered by Marathas under Sambhaji, Sambhaji, after becoming King of Marathas he gave first blow to Mughal Empire. In this campaign he was Joined by his genral Hambirrao Mohite.
Later Santaji Ghorpade attacked Burhanpur and Khandesh subha to force Aurangzeb to deploy more forces in Khandesh. This act by Santaji relived some pressure of Mughal armies from Karnataka and Maratha swarajya.
The city was taken by Peshwa Bajirao during his reign to Malwa and Delhi.
Maratha army under Sadashivrao Bhau who defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad and took control of the town.
In 1761 the Marath army marched for Third Battle of Panipat from the city.
After down fall of Maratha Empire city went to Holkar, Scindia, and then British.
खानदेश
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[7] ने लेख किया है ...खानदेश (AS, p.256) नर्मदा के दक्षिण में स्थित मुगलकालीन सूबा . खानदेश प्रचीनकाल में महिष्मंडल में सम्मिलित था.
महिष्मंडल
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[8] ने लेख किया है ...महिष्मंडल (AS, p.727) नर्मदा के दक्षिण तट पर स्थित है प्रदेश (खानदेश इसमें सम्मिलित था). इसका नाम माहिष्मति नगरी के संबंध में महिष्मंडल हुआ था. लंका के प्राचीन बौद्ध इतिहास महावंश (12,3) में इसका उल्लेख है. अशोक के समय में होने वाली प्रथम धर्मसंगीति के पश्चात मोग्गलिपुत्र ने कई स्थविरों को पड़ोसी देशों में बौद्ध धर्म के प्रचार के लिए भेजा था. उनमें स्थविर महादेव को महिष्मंडल भेजा गया था.
ख़ानदेश के शासक
तुग़लक़ वंश के पतन के समय फ़िरोज़शाह तुग़लक़ के सूबेदार मलिक अहमद राजा फ़ारूक़ी ने नर्मदा नदी एवं ताप्ती नदी के बीच 1388 ई. में ख़ानदेश की स्थापना की और साथ ही फ़ारूक़ी वंश की नींव रखी। इसका नाम ख़ानदेश इस लिए पड़ा, क्योंकि यहाँ के सभी सुल्तानों ने ख़ान की उपाधि से शासन किया। इन शासकों ने बुरहानपुर को अपनी राजधानी एवं असीरगढ़ को सैनिक मुख्यालय बनाया। मलिक राजा फ़ारूक़ी की 29 अप्रैल, 1399 को मृत्यु हो गयी। ख़ानदेश के अन्य शासक निम्नलिखित थे-
- नासिर ख़ान फ़ारूक़ी (1399 से 1438 ई.)
- मीरान आदिल ख़ान फ़ारूक़ी (1438 से 1441 ई.)
- मीरान मुबारक ख़ान फ़ारूक़ी (1441 से 1457 ई.)
- मीरान आरदल ख़ान द्वितीय (1457 से 1501 ई.)
- दाऊद ख़ान (1501 से 1508 ई.)
- ग़ज़नी ख़ान (1508 ई.)
- आजम हुमायूँ आदिल ख़ाँ तृतीय (1509 से 1520 ई.)
- मीरान मुहम्मद ख़ान प्रथम (1520 से 1535 ई.)
- मीरान मुबारक शाह फ़ारूक़ी (1535 से 1566 ई.)
- मीरान मुहम्मद शाह फ़ारूक़ी (1566 से 1576 ई.)
- हसन ख़ान फ़ारूक़ी (1576 ई.)
- राजा अली ख़ान (1576 से 1597 ई.)
- बहादुर ख़ान (1597 से 1600 ई.)
आदिल ख़ान द्वितीय के बाद के फ़ारूक़ी वंश के शासक शक्तिहीन थे। अतः साम्राज्य दलगत राजनीति के अन्तर्गत रहा, जिसका लाभ उठाकर अहमदनगर एवं गुजरात ने ख़ानदेश के मामले में हस्तक्षेप प्रारम्भ कर दिया। अन्ततः 1601 ई. में अकबर ने ख़ानदेश के अन्तिम शासक बहादुर ख़ान को परास्त कर उसको मुग़ल साम्राज्य में मिला लिया। इस राज्य में स्थापत्य कला के क्षेत्र में लौकिक तथा धार्मिक निर्माण कार्य हुआ, उसमें मालवा तथा गुजरात की वास्तुकला शैली का व्यापक प्रभाव पड़ा है।
संदर्भ: भारतकोश-ख़ानदेश
References
- ↑ Dr Naval Viyogi: Nagas – The Ancient Rulers of India/Takshak Mori,p.148
- ↑ James Todd Annals/Chapter 7 Catalogue of the Thirty Six Royal Races,p.126
- ↑ Ram Sarup Joon: History of the Jats/Chapter VI,p.111
- ↑ Ram Sarup Joon: History of the Jats/Chapter VI,p.113
- ↑ Epigraphia Indica. XXV, p. 203
- ↑ Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions/Tribesp.127
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.256
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.727
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