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'''Camacae''' or [[Kamakai]] (Ancient Greek: Καμακαί), also known as [[Cemacae]] or [[Kemakai]] (Κεμακαί), was a town of [[Bottiaea]],<ref>Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 50, and directory notes accompanying.</ref> Chalcidice, in ancient [[Macedonia]]. | '''Camacae''' or [[Kamakai]] (Ancient Greek: Καμακαί), also known as [[Cemacae]] or [[Kemakai]] (Κεμακαί), was a town of [[Bottiaea]],<ref>Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 50, and directory notes accompanying.</ref> [[Chalcidice]], in ancient [[Macedonia]]. | ||
== Variants == | == Variants == | ||
*[[Camacæ]] ([[Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 7|Pliny.vi.7]]) | *[[Camacæ]] ([[Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 7|Pliny.vi.7]], [[Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 19|Pliny.vi.19]]) | ||
*[[Kamakai]] (Ancient Greek: Καμακαί) | *[[Kamakai]] (Ancient Greek: Καμακαί) | ||
*[[Cemacae]] | *[[Cemacae]] | ||
*[[Kemakai]] (Κεμακαί) | *[[Kemakai]] (Κεμακαί) | ||
== Jat Gotras Namesake == | == Jat Gotras Namesake == | ||
*[[Kamoke]] = [[Camacæ]] ([[Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 7|Pliny.vi.7]]) | *[[Kamoke]] = [[Camacæ]] ([[Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 7|Pliny.vi.7]]) | ||
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It belonged to the [[Delian]] League since it appears in the tribute registers of [[Athens]], although only once in the year 421/20 BCE, where it paid a phoros of 600 drachmas.<ref>[https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/296 IG I³ 285, col. III,11.]</ref> It is also cited in a treaty of alliance between the Athenians and Bottiaeans of the year 422 BCE<ref>[https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/77 IG I³ 76, 44,47.]</ref> from which it is deduced that it belonged to the territory of [[Bottiaea]] and that was a neighbor of [[Calindoia]], but its exact location is unknown. In the year 323 BCE, it was one of the cities delivered by [[Alexander the Great]] to [[Macedonians]]. <ref>[https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/152454 "RegionsNorthern Greece (IG X)Macedonia", SEG 36.626, 4-9.]</ref><ref>Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Thrace from Axios to Strymon". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 829. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.</ref> | It belonged to the [[Delian]] League since it appears in the tribute registers of [[Athens]], although only once in the year 421/20 BCE, where it paid a phoros of 600 drachmas.<ref>[https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/296 IG I³ 285, col. III,11.]</ref> It is also cited in a treaty of alliance between the Athenians and Bottiaeans of the year 422 BCE<ref>[https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/77 IG I³ 76, 44,47.]</ref> from which it is deduced that it belonged to the territory of [[Bottiaea]] and that was a neighbor of [[Calindoia]], but its exact location is unknown. In the year 323 BCE, it was one of the cities delivered by [[Alexander the Great]] to [[Macedonians]]. <ref>[https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/152454 "RegionsNorthern Greece (IG X)Macedonia", SEG 36.626, 4-9.]</ref><ref>Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Thrace from Axios to Strymon". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 829. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.</ref> | ||
== Mention by Pliny == | |||
[[Pliny]]<ref>[[Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 7]]</ref> mentions '''[[Lake Mieotis]] and the adjoining nations'''....after these again, the '''[[Camacæ]]''', the '''[[Orani]]''', the '''[[Autacæ]]''', the '''[[Mazacasi]]''', the '''[[Cantiocæ]]''', the [[Agamathæ]], the [[Pici]], the [[Rimosoli]], the [[Acascomarci]], and, upon the ridges of the [[Caucasus]], the [[Itacalæ]], the [[Imadochi]], the [[Rami]], the [[Anclacæ]], the [[Tydii]], the [[Carastasei]], and the [[Anthiandæ]]. | |||
== Mention by Pliny == | |||
[[Pliny]]<ref>[[Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 19]]</ref> mentions '''The nations of [[Scythia]] and the countries on the [[Eastern Ocean]]'''..... | |||
Beyond this river ([[Jaxartes]]) are the peoples of '''[[Scythia]]'''. The [[Persians]] have called them by the general name of '''[[Sacæ]]''',<sup>1</sup> which properly belongs to only the nearest nation of them. The more ancient writers give them the name of '''[[Aramii]]'''. The '''[[Scythians]]''' themselves give the name of "'''[[Chorsari]]'''" to the [[Persians]], and they call [[Mount Caucasus]] Graucasis, which means "white with snow." | |||
The multitude of these '''[[Scythian nations]] is quite innumerable: in their life and habits they much resemble the people of [[Parthia]]'''. | |||
'''The tribes''' among them that are better known are the [[Sacæ]], the [[Massagetæ]],<sup>2</sup> the [[Dahæ]],<sup>3</sup> the [[Essedones]],<sup>4</sup> the [[Ariacæ]],<sup>5</sup> the [[Rhymmici]], the [[Pæsici]], the [[Amardi]],<sup>6</sup> the [[Histi]], the [[Edones]], the [[Came]], the '''[[Camacæ]]''', the [[Euchatæ]],<sup>7</sup> the [[Cotieri]], the [[Anthusiani]], the [[Psacæ]], the [[Arimaspi]],<sup>8</sup> the [[Antacati]], the [[Chroasai]], and the [[Œtei]]; among them the [[Napæi]]<sup>9</sup> are said to have been destroyed by the [[Palæi]]. | |||
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<small> | |||
1 The '''[[Sacæ]]''' probably formed one of the most numerous and most powerful of the [[Scythian]] Nomad tribes, and dwelt to the east and north-east of the [[Massagetæ]], as far as [[Servia]], in the steppes of [[Central Asia]], which are now peopled by the [[Kirghiz]] [[Cossacks]], in whose name that of their ancestors, the [[Sacæ]], is traced by some geographers. | |||
2 Meaning the "Great [[Getæ]]." They dwelt beyond the [[Jaxartes]] and the [[Sea of Aral]], and their country corresponds to that of the [[Khirghiz]] Tartars in the north of Independent [[Tartary]]. | |||
3 The [[Dahæ]] were a numerous and warlike Nomad tribe, who wandered over the vast steppes lying to the east of the [[Caspian Sea]]. [[Strabo]] has grouped them with the [[Sacæ]] and [[Massagetæ]], as the great [[Scythian]] tribes of [[Inner Asia]], to the north of [[Bactriana]]. | |||
4 See also B. iv. c. 20, and B. vi. c. 7. The position of the [[Essedones]], or perhaps more correctly, the [[Issedones]], may probably be assigned to the east of [[Ichim]], in the steppes of the central border of the [[Kirghiz]], in the immediate vicinity of the [[Arimaspi]], who dwelt on the northern declivity of the [[Altaï]] chain. A communication is supposed to have been carried on between these two peoples for the exchange of the gold that was the produce of those mountain districts. | |||
5 They dwelt, according to [[Ptolemy]], along the southern banks of the [[Jaxartes]]. | |||
6 Or the [[Mardi]], a warlike Asiatic tribe. Stephanus Byzantinus, following Strabo, places the Amardi near the [[Hyrcani]], and adds, "There are also Persian Mardi, without the a;" and, speaking of the Mardi, he mentions them as an [[Hyrcanian]] tribe, of predatory habits, and skilled in archery. | |||
7 D'Anville supposes that the [[Euchatæ]] may have dwelt at the modern [[Koten]], in Little [[Bukharia]]. It is suggested, however, by Parisot, that they may have possibly occupied a valley of the Himalaya, in the midst of a country known as "[[Cathai]]," or the "desert." | |||
8 The first extant notice of them is in [[Herodotus]]; but before him there was the poem of Aristeas of Proconnesus, of which the title was 'Arimaspea;' and it is mainly upon the statements in it that the stories told relative to this people rest—such as their being one-eyed, and as to their stealing the gold from the Gryphes, or Griffins, under whose custody it was placed. Their locality is by some supposed to have been on the left bank of the Middle [[Volga]], in the governments of [[Kasan]], [[Simbirsk]], and [[Saratov]]: a locality which is sufficiently near the gold districts of the [[Uralian]] chain to account for the legends connecting them with the Gryphes, or guardians of the gold. | |||
9 The former reading was, "The [[Napæi]] are said to have perished as well as the [[Apellæi]]." Sillig has, however, in all probability, restored the correct one. "Finding," he says, "in the work of Diodorus Siculus, that two peoples of [[Scythia]] were called, from their two kings, who were brothers, the [[Napi]] and the [[Pali]], we have followed close upon the footsteps of certain MSS. of Pliny, and have come to the conclusion that some disputes aro | |||
</small> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 12:46, 2 September 2023
| Author: Laxman Burdak, IFS (R). |
Camacae or Kamakai (Ancient Greek: Καμακαί), also known as Cemacae or Kemakai (Κεμακαί), was a town of Bottiaea,[1] Chalcidice, in ancient Macedonia.
Variants
- Camacæ (Pliny.vi.7, Pliny.vi.19)
- Kamakai (Ancient Greek: Καμακαί)
- Cemacae
- Kemakai (Κεμακαί)
Jat Gotras Namesake
- Kamoke = Camacæ (Pliny.vi.7)
Location
Its site is unlocated.[2]
History
It belonged to the Delian League since it appears in the tribute registers of Athens, although only once in the year 421/20 BCE, where it paid a phoros of 600 drachmas.[3] It is also cited in a treaty of alliance between the Athenians and Bottiaeans of the year 422 BCE[4] from which it is deduced that it belonged to the territory of Bottiaea and that was a neighbor of Calindoia, but its exact location is unknown. In the year 323 BCE, it was one of the cities delivered by Alexander the Great to Macedonians. [5][6]
Mention by Pliny
Pliny[7] mentions Lake Mieotis and the adjoining nations....after these again, the Camacæ, the Orani, the Autacæ, the Mazacasi, the Cantiocæ, the Agamathæ, the Pici, the Rimosoli, the Acascomarci, and, upon the ridges of the Caucasus, the Itacalæ, the Imadochi, the Rami, the Anclacæ, the Tydii, the Carastasei, and the Anthiandæ.
Mention by Pliny
Pliny[8] mentions The nations of Scythia and the countries on the Eastern Ocean..... Beyond this river (Jaxartes) are the peoples of Scythia. The Persians have called them by the general name of Sacæ,1 which properly belongs to only the nearest nation of them. The more ancient writers give them the name of Aramii. The Scythians themselves give the name of "Chorsari" to the Persians, and they call Mount Caucasus Graucasis, which means "white with snow."
The multitude of these Scythian nations is quite innumerable: in their life and habits they much resemble the people of Parthia.
The tribes among them that are better known are the Sacæ, the Massagetæ,2 the Dahæ,3 the Essedones,4 the Ariacæ,5 the Rhymmici, the Pæsici, the Amardi,6 the Histi, the Edones, the Came, the Camacæ, the Euchatæ,7 the Cotieri, the Anthusiani, the Psacæ, the Arimaspi,8 the Antacati, the Chroasai, and the Œtei; among them the Napæi9 are said to have been destroyed by the Palæi.
1 The Sacæ probably formed one of the most numerous and most powerful of the Scythian Nomad tribes, and dwelt to the east and north-east of the Massagetæ, as far as Servia, in the steppes of Central Asia, which are now peopled by the Kirghiz Cossacks, in whose name that of their ancestors, the Sacæ, is traced by some geographers. 2 Meaning the "Great Getæ." They dwelt beyond the Jaxartes and the Sea of Aral, and their country corresponds to that of the Khirghiz Tartars in the north of Independent Tartary.
3 The Dahæ were a numerous and warlike Nomad tribe, who wandered over the vast steppes lying to the east of the Caspian Sea. Strabo has grouped them with the Sacæ and Massagetæ, as the great Scythian tribes of Inner Asia, to the north of Bactriana.
4 See also B. iv. c. 20, and B. vi. c. 7. The position of the Essedones, or perhaps more correctly, the Issedones, may probably be assigned to the east of Ichim, in the steppes of the central border of the Kirghiz, in the immediate vicinity of the Arimaspi, who dwelt on the northern declivity of the Altaï chain. A communication is supposed to have been carried on between these two peoples for the exchange of the gold that was the produce of those mountain districts.
5 They dwelt, according to Ptolemy, along the southern banks of the Jaxartes.
6 Or the Mardi, a warlike Asiatic tribe. Stephanus Byzantinus, following Strabo, places the Amardi near the Hyrcani, and adds, "There are also Persian Mardi, without the a;" and, speaking of the Mardi, he mentions them as an Hyrcanian tribe, of predatory habits, and skilled in archery.
7 D'Anville supposes that the Euchatæ may have dwelt at the modern Koten, in Little Bukharia. It is suggested, however, by Parisot, that they may have possibly occupied a valley of the Himalaya, in the midst of a country known as "Cathai," or the "desert."
8 The first extant notice of them is in Herodotus; but before him there was the poem of Aristeas of Proconnesus, of which the title was 'Arimaspea;' and it is mainly upon the statements in it that the stories told relative to this people rest—such as their being one-eyed, and as to their stealing the gold from the Gryphes, or Griffins, under whose custody it was placed. Their locality is by some supposed to have been on the left bank of the Middle Volga, in the governments of Kasan, Simbirsk, and Saratov: a locality which is sufficiently near the gold districts of the Uralian chain to account for the legends connecting them with the Gryphes, or guardians of the gold.
9 The former reading was, "The Napæi are said to have perished as well as the Apellæi." Sillig has, however, in all probability, restored the correct one. "Finding," he says, "in the work of Diodorus Siculus, that two peoples of Scythia were called, from their two kings, who were brothers, the Napi and the Pali, we have followed close upon the footsteps of certain MSS. of Pliny, and have come to the conclusion that some disputes aro
References
- ↑ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 50, and directory notes accompanying.
- ↑ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 50, and directory notes accompanying.
- ↑ IG I³ 285, col. III,11.
- ↑ IG I³ 76, 44,47.
- ↑ "RegionsNorthern Greece (IG X)Macedonia", SEG 36.626, 4-9.
- ↑ Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Thrace from Axios to Strymon". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 829. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.
- ↑ Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 7
- ↑ Natural History by Pliny Book VI/Chapter 19