Ostrogoths
Ostrogoths were a Roman-era Germanic people, who were a branch of the later Goths (the other major branch being the Visigoths).
Variants
History
The Ostrogoths, under Theodoric the Great, established a kingdom in Italy in the late 5th and 6th centuries. The Ostrogoths traced their origins to the Greutungi and a semi-legendary kingdom north of the Black Sea in the 3rd and 4th centuries. They were part of the Invasion of Rome. Invading southward from the Baltic Sea, the Ostrogoths, at the time known as the Greuthungi, built up a huge empire stretching from the Dniester to the Volga River and from the Black Sea to the Baltic shores. The Ostrogoths were probably literate in the 3rd century, and their trade with the Romans was highly developed. Their Danubian kingdom reached its zenith under King Ermanaric, who is said to have committed suicide at an old age when the Huns attacked his people and subjugated them in about 370.
After their subjugation by the Huns, little is heard of the Ostrogoths for about 80 years, after which they reappear in Pannonia on the middle Danube River as federates of the Romans. However, a pocket remained behind in the Crimea when the bulk of them moved to central Europe, and these Crimean Ostrogoths existed until at least the 16th century. After the collapse of the Hun empire after the Battle of Nedao (453), the Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great first moved to Moesia (c. 475–488) and later conquered the Italian Kingdom of the German warrior Odoacer. Theodoric became king of the Ostrogothic Kingdom in 493 and died in 526.
A period of instability then ensued, tempting the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian to declare war on the Ostrogoths in 535 in an effort to restore the former western provinces of the Roman Empire. Initially, the Byzantines were successful, but under the leadership of Totila, the Goths reconquered most of the lost territory until Totila's death at the Battle of Taginae. The war lasted for almost 20 years and caused enormous damage and depopulation of Italy. The remaining Ostrogoths were absorbed into the Lombards who established a kingdom in Italy in 567.
Goths
The Ostrogoths were one of several peoples referred to more generally as Goths. The Goths appear in Roman records starting in the third century, in the regions north of the Lower Danube and Black Sea. [1]They competed for influence and Roman subsidies with peoples who had lived longer in the area, such as the Carpi, and various Sarmatians, and they contributed men to the Roman military.[2] Based on their Germanic language and material culture, it is believed that their Gothic culture derived from cultures originally from the direction of the Vistula river in the north, now in Poland.[3] By the third century, the Goths were already composed of sub-groups with their own names, because the Tervingi, who bordered on the Roman Empire and the Carpathian mountains, were mentioned separately on at least one occasion. [4]
The Ostrogoths, not mentioned until later, are associated with the Greuthungi who lived further east. The dividing line between the Tervingi and the Greuthungi, was reported by Ammianus to be the Dniester River, and to the east of the Greuthungi were Alans living near the River Don.[5]
आस्ट्रोगाथ (पूर्वी जाट)
दलीप सिंह अहलावत[6] लिखते हैं: विलियम विजेता द्वारा इंगलैण्ड की विजय तथा उसके वंशज राजाओं का शासन, इंगलैंड के इतिहास का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग है। उत्तर में जटलैंड में रहने वाले पूर्वजों का वंशज विलियम विजेता एक जाट था। उस बात को सिद्ध करने के लिए मैं इतिहासकार एच० जी० वेल्ज का वर्णन लिखता हूं जिसने अपनी पुस्तक “दी आउटलाइन ऑफ हिस्ट्री” के अध्याय 32, विभाग 8 में डेन, नॉरमन तथा विलियम विजेता के विषय में निम्न प्रकार से लिखा है -
- सर्वव्यापक इतिहास के दृष्टिकोण से ये सब लोग पूर्णतः एक ही नॉरडिक परिवार के लोग थे। इनके समूह न केवल पश्चिम की ओर बढ़ते गये बल्कि पूर्व में भी चले गये। हम बाल्टिक सागर से काला सागर तक गोथ कहे जाने वाले इन लोगों के आन्दोलनों का बहुत ही रोचक वर्णन कर चुके हैं। इन गोथ लोगों के दो भाग आस्ट्रोगाथ (पूर्वी जाट) और वीसीगोथ (पश्चिमी जाट) लोगों की उत्साहपूर्ण यात्रायें खोज करके लिख दी हैं जो कि स्पेन में वीसीगोथ राज्य तथा इटली में आस्ट्रोगोथ साम्राज्य थे जो समाप्त हो गये।
See also
References
- ↑ Heather, Peter (2009). Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-989226-6. pp. 109–110.
- ↑ Heather 2009, pp. 116, 127–128.
- ↑ Heather 2009, pp. 115–117.
- ↑ Wolfram, Herwig (1988). History of the Goths. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52006-983-1. p. 24.
- ↑ Heather 2009, pp. 151–153.
- ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter IV, pp.404