Chamanaka
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| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Chamanaka (चमनाक) or Chammak or Chamak is village in Amravati district in Maharashtra.
Origin
Variants
- Chamanaka (चमनाक) (पूर्व बरार, महा.) (AS, p.327)
- Chamkin चमकिं = Chamanaka चमनाक (AS, p.329)
- Chammak
- Chamak
- Charmāka (चर्मांक) = Present चमनाक (AS, p.327)
- Charmânika = Charmmanka = Carmmāṅka (L-18 of Chammak Plates of the Maharaja Pravarasena II)
History
Chammak Plates of the Maharaja Pravarasena II
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| Chammak Plates of the Maharaja Pravarasena II[1] |
Commentaries and variants.
- L.1 Read ṣoḍaśy-atirātra-. (Mi.)
- L.3 Read Viṣṇuvṛddha; Mi. read samrājo.
- L.10 Fleet proposed to read māhātmyādhikatva, but it gives no good sense. The Paṭṭan plates(No. 13) give dhīmattva in line 11.
- L.14 Engraver at first write jji, then correct to rjji. (Mi.)
- L.18 Engraver at first write ṅkā, then correct to ṅka. (Mi.)
- L.23 Read yath-eh-āsmābhir-ātmano. (Mi.)
- L.26 Read -maryyādāṃ vitarāma-; Engraver at first wrote dāyai, then correct to dāyī. (Mi.)
- L.28 Read viṣṭi-. (Mi.)
- L.29 Read parihṛtaḥ; sakлptopakлiptaḥ. (Mi.)
- L.32 Read yaścedaṃ or yaścāsmacchāsanaṃ as in No.13. l.35; after [pa*]ribādhāṃ - kuryyā engraved, then cancelled. (Mi.) L.33 Read kārayedvā. (Mi.)
- L.36 The sign of upadhmānīya after pramāni(ṇī) is cancelled. (Mi.)
- L.39 Originally ccha, later corrected into ca. (Mi.)
- L.42 To ṣvana-|| - this punktuation mark must be omitted. (Mi.)
- L.43 Originally vvā, later corrected into vā. (Mi.)
- L.44 To prā(pra)ti[grā]hiṇaś- : originally gvā, later corrected into grā. (Mi.)
- L.46 To Maheśvarāryya[ḥ*]: this -ryya incised below rā of maheśvarā. (Mi.)
- L.53 To Vānsya-: read vātsya. (Mi.)
English Translation
- A charter of king Pravarasêna, the ornament of the Vâkâtakas, who has attained royal dignity by, inheritance, (is) a charter for (the observance of even his) enemies!
- Sight has been attained! Hail! From the town of Pravarapura;
- (Line 17.)-At the command of the most devout worshipper of (the god) Maheshvara, the Mahârâja of the Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Pravarasêna (II.), who was begotten on Prabhavatigupta, the daughter of the Mahârâjadhirâja, the glorious Dêvagupta; who, through possessing the favour of (the god) Shambhu, is (as virtuous as) one belonging to the Krita age;-
- (Line 13.) -(And) who is the son of the Mahârâja of the Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Rudrasêna (II.), who acquired an abundance of good fortune through the favour of the divine (god) Chakrapâni;
- (L. 9.)-Who was the son of the Mahârâja of the Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Prithivishena, who was an excessively devout worshipper of (the god) Mahêshvara; who was endowed with an excess of truthfulness, straightforwardness, tenderness, heroism, prowess, political wisdom, modesty, and high-mindedness, and with devotion to worthy people and guests, and with the condition of being victorious through religion, and with purity of mind, and with other meritorious qualities; who belonged to an uninterrupted succession of sons and sons' sons, whose treasure and means of government had been accumulating for a hundred years; who behaved like Yudhishthira;-
- (L. 4.)-Who was the son of the Mahârâja of the Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Rudrasêna (I.), who was an excessively devout devotee of (the god) Svâmi-Mahâbhairava; who was the daughter's son of the illustrious Bhavanaga, the Mahârâja of the Bhârashivas, whose royal line owed its origin to the great satisfaction of (the god) Shiva, (caused) by (their) carrying a linga of Shiva placed as a load upon (their) shoulders, (and) who were besprinkled on the forehead with the pure water of (the river) Bhâgirathî that had been obtained by (their) valour, (and) who performed ablutions after the celebration of ten ashvamêdha-sacrifices;-who was the son of Gautamiputra;-
- (L. 1.)-(And) who was the son of the son of the Mahârâja of the sovereign Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Pravarasêna (I.), who celebrated the agnishtôma, aptôryâma, ukthya, shôdashin, âtirâtra, vâjapêya, brihaspatisava, and sâdyaskra sacrifices and four ashvamêdha-sacrifices, (and) was of the Vishnuvriddha gôtra;-
- (L. 18.)-The village named Charmânika, on the bank of the river Madhunadi, in the Bhôjakata kingdom, (measured) by eight thousand bhûmis, (or in figures) 8000, according to the royal measure, is, at the request of Kondarâja the son of Satrughnarâja, given to one thousand Brâhmans of various gôtras and charanas.
- (L. 21.)-Wherefore Our obedient and high-born officers, employed in the office of general superintendents, (and Our) regular soldiers and umbrella-bearers, should be (thus) directed with a command preceded by (the words) ‘O illustrious one’:- Be it known to you, that, in order to increase Our religion and life and strength and victory and dominion, (and) for the sake of (Our) welfare in this world and in the next, (and generally) for Our benefit, this (village) is granted, in (Our) victorious office of justice, as a grant not previously made, with libations of water.
- (L. 25.)- "Now We grant the fixed usage, such as befits this (village), (and) such as has been approved of by former kings, of a village which belongs to a community of Chaturvêdins; namely, it is not to pay taxes; it is not to be entered by the regular troops or by the umbrella-bearers; it does not carry with it (the right to) cows and bulls in succession of production, or to the abundance of flowers and milk, or to the pasturage, hides, and charcoal, or to the mines for the purchase of salt in a moist state; it is entirely free from (all obligation of) forced labour; it carries with it the hidden treasures and deposits, and the klripta and upaklripta; it is (to be enjoyed) for the same time with the moon and the sun; (and) it is to follow (the succession of) sons and sons' sons. No hindrance should be caused by any one to those who enjoy it. It should be protected and increased by all (possible) means. And whosoever, disregarding this charter, shall give, or cause to be given, even slight vexation, We will inflict on him punishment, together with a fine, when he is denounced by the Brâhmans."
- (L. 34.)-And in this document, which has at least (the merit of) religion,-in order to avoid boasting of (other) meritorious actions performed (by Us),--We do not recite (Our) care and protection of grants made by various kings who are dead and gone.
- (L. 36.)-And two verses, sung by Vyâsa, are to be cited as an authority on this point: -Whosoever confiscates land that has been given, whether by himself, or by another, he incurs the guilt of the slayer of a hundred thousand cows! The giver of land enjoys happiness in heaven for sixty thousand years; (but) the confiscator (of a grant), and he who assents (to an act of confiscation), shall dwell for the same number of years in hell!
- (L. 39.)-And this condition of the charter should be maintained by the Brâhmans and by (future) lords; namely (the enjoyment of this grant is to belong to the Brâhmans) for the same time with the moon and the sun, provided that they commit no treason against the kingdom, consisting of seven constituent parts, of (successive) kings; that they are not slayers of Brâhmans, and are not thieves, adulterers, poisoners of kings, &c.; that they do not wage war; (and) that they do no wrong to other villages. But, if they act otherwise, or assent (to such acts), the king will commit no theft in taking the land away.
- (L. 44.)-And the recipients, appointed for the occasion in this matter, (are):
- Ganârya, of the Shâtyâyana (gôtra).
- Dêvârya, of the Vâtsya (gôtra).
- Kumârasharmârya, of the Bhâradvâja (gôtra). :Guhasharman, of the Pârâsharya (gôtra).
- Dêvârya, of the Kashyapa (gôtra);
- Mahêshvarârya, (and) Mâtrârya. Rudrârya, of the Kaundinya (gôtra); (and)
- Sômârya, (and) Harisharmârya. Kumârasharmârya, of the Bharadvaja (gôtra).
- Mâtrisharman, of the Kaundinya (gôtra); (and) :Varasharman, Gôndasharman, (and) Nâgasharman. :Shântisharman, of the Bharadvâja (gôtra); (and) :Rudrasharman, Bhôjakadêvârya, of the Vatsya (gôtra); (and) :Maghasharman, (and) Dêvasharman.
- Môkshasharman, of the Bhâradvaja (gôtra); (and)
- Nâgasharman, Rêvatisharman, (and) Dharmârya, Sharmârya, of the Bharadvaja (gôtra); (and)
- Nandanârya, Mûlasharman, Îshvarasharman, (and) Varasharman.
- Skandârya, of the Vatsya (gôtra).
- Bappârya, of the Bharadvaja (gôtra); (and) Dharmârya.
- Skandârya, of the Âtrêya (gôtra),
- Sômasharmârya, of the Gautama (gôtra); (and)
- Bhartrisharman, Rudrasharmârya, Maghârya, Mâtrisharmârya, (and) Îshvarasharmârya.
- Mâtrisharmârya, of the Gautama (gôtra).
- Dêvasharmârya, of the Kaundinya (gôtra); (and)
- Varasharmârya, (and) Rôhârya.
- Svâmidêvârya, of the Gautama (gôtra); (and)
- Rêvatisharmârya, (and) Jyêshthasharmârya.
- Kumârasharmârya, of the Shandilya (gôtra); (and) :Svâtisharmârya. (And) Kândârya, of the Shâtyâyana (gôtra); and so forth.
- (L. 59.)-(This) charter has been written, while Chitravarman is the Sênâpati, in the eighteenth year, (or in figures) 10 (and) 8, on the thirteenth lunar day of the bright fortnight of the month Jyêshtha.
- From: Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 240-243.
चमनाक
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[2] ने लेख किया है ...चमनाक (AS, p.327) पूर्व बरार, महाराष्ट्र का ऐतिहासिक स्थान है। इस स्थान से वाकाटक नरेश प्रवरसेन द्वितीय का एक ताम्रदान पट्ट प्राप्त हुआ है, जो इसके शासन काल के 18वें वर्ष में जारी किया गया था। प्रवरसेन भगवान शंभु का भक्त था। चमनाक से प्राप्त पट्ट में प्रवरसेन द्वारा चर्मांक नामक ग्राम (वर्तमान चमनाक) का एक सह़स्त्र ब्राह्मणों को दान में दिए जाने का उल्लेख है। इस अभिलेख में वाकाटक महाराजाओं की निम्न वशांवली दी हुई है, जिससे इस वंश के इतिहास पर प्रकाश पड़ता है- महाराजा प्रवरसेन, गौतमीपुत्र, रुद्रसेन (स्वामी महाभैरव का भक्त था और भारशिव महाराज भवनाग का दौहित्र था। भारशिव महाराजाओं ने भगीरथी गंगा को अपनी वीरता द्वारा प्राप्त किया था।) पृथ्वीसेन भगवान महेश्वर का भक्त था, जबकि रुद्रसेन चक्रपाणि विष्णु का भक्त था और देवगुप्त की कन्या प्रभावती गुप्त इसकी रानी थी। वाकाटक नरेश गुप्त सम्राटों के समकालीन थे।
See also
External links
References
- ↑ Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 240-243.
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.327