Mallar

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)
Masturi on Map of Bilaspur district

Mallār (मल्लार) a village 16 miles south-west of Bilaspur in the tahsîl and district of Bilaspur (now in Masturi tahsil as Malhar) in Chhattisgarh.

Variants


  • Talahari (तलहारी) mentioned in Verse-14 of Rajim Stone Inscription of Prithvideva II - Kalachuri Year 896 (=1145 AD) .... (V. 14) During the reign of the king, the illustrious Ratnadëva (II), he had his body red like vermilion in the land of Talahâri (तलहारि). By his very valiant deeds he fulfilled his vow and indeed acquired the true name of Jagatsimha (जयत्सिम्ह) (the Lion of the world) (p.457)....Talahari (तलहारी) was the name of the southern portion of the Bilaspur tahsil, including Mallâr and the surrounding territory.(p.453).[3]
  • Taradamshaka-bhukti/Taradamshakabhukti (तरदंशक भुक्ति)
  • Taradamshaka (तरदंशक)
  • Taradanshaka (तरदंशक)
  • Talahari-mandala See Ratanpur Stone Inscription Of Prithvideva II - (Kalachuri) Year 915 (=1163) (p.503)[4]

Jat Gotras Namesake

  • Talan (Jat clan) = Talahari (तलहारी) mentioned in Ratanpur Stone Inscription Of Jajalladeva I - (Kalachuri) Year 866 (=1114 AD). (p.410)[5]
  • Talan (Jat clan) = Talahari (तलहारी) mentioned in Verse-14 of Rajim Stone Inscription of Prithvideva II - Kalachuri Year 896 (=1145 AD) .... (V. 14) During the reign of the king, the illustrious Ratnadëva (II), he had his body red like vermilion in the land of Talahâri (तलहारि). By his very valiant deeds he fulfilled his vow and indeed acquired the true name of Jagatsimha (जयत्सिम्ह) (the Lion of the world) (p.457)....Talahari (तलहारी) was the name of the southern portion of the Bilaspur tahsil, including Mallâr and the surrounding territory.(p.453).[6]
  • Talan (Jat clan) = Talahari (तलहारी) mentioned in verse-5 of Ratanpur Stone Inscription Of Prithvideva II - (Kalachuri) Year 915 (=1163)....(V. 5) This famous province (mandala) of Talahâri is the ornament of the earth — which is surrounded on all sides by tanks with full-blown lotuses and humming bees and is adorned with gardens which appear beautiful with plantain trees shining [in the groves of mangoes and other trees] and to which the god of love is attracted by the excessive warbling of cuckoos. (p.5o8)[7]

History

Kalachuri King Jajalladeva (I)'s friendship was sought by the lord of Chedi. He was also honoured with presents of wealth by the kings of Kanyakubja (कान्यकुब्ज) and Jejabhukti (जेजाभुक्ति). He defeated Sômësvara (सोमेश्वर) and imprisoned him together with his ministers and wives, but afterwards released them as desired by his mother. The kings of Kosala (कोसल), Andhra (आंध्र), Khimidi (खिमिडी), Vairagara (वैरागर), Lanjika (लान्जिका), Bhanara (भाणार), Talahari (तलहारी), Dandakapura (दण्डकपुर), Nandavalï (नन्दावली) and Kukkuta (कुक्कुट) paid annual tributes or presents to him. (p.410)[10]

Ratanpur Stone Inscription Of Prithvideva II - (Kalachuri) Year 915 (=1163) mentions that Brahmadeva, a feudatory of Kalachuri king Prithvideva II, ....constructed a temple of Dhurjati (Siva) at Mallâla and excavated a tank, evidently at the same place. The religions merit of the former he assigned to his lord, Prithvideva. Besides these, he built ten shrines of Tryambaka (Siva) and dug two lotus-ponds at some place, the name of which is lost. (p.503)[11]

Mallar stone inscription of Jajalladeva II (Kalachuri) year 919 (1167 AD)

Reference - Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p. 512-518

[p.512]: This inscription is on a black stone which is said to have been found at Mallār 1 a village 16 miles south-west of Bilaspur in the tahsîl and district of Bilaspur (now in Masturi tahsil as Malhar) in Chhattisgarh. The inscription has been edited before with a translation, but without a lithograph, by Dr Kielhorn in tbe Epigraphia Indica, Vol I, pp 39 ff. It is edited here from the original stone which is preserved in the Central Muséum, Nagpur.

The record consists of 28 lines. ...The characters are Nagari They closely resemble those of the Ratanpur stone inscription dated V 1207. 2 which, as shown below, was written by the same scribe. The language is Sanskrit, Except for om namah Sivàya in the beginning and the date at the end, the record is metrically composed throughout. It consists of 26 verses, all of which are numbered. The present inscription has several ideas in common with the afore-mentioned Ratanpur stone inscription. For instance, verses 3, 8, 12, 20 and 22 of the present inscription are evidently composed in imitation of verses 3, 7, 8, 23 and 25 of the Ratanpur record.3. Verse 25, again, which describes the scribe Kumârapala, occurs in the Sheorinarayan inscription4 of Amanadeva which also belongs to the reign of Jâ]alladëva II. The orthography shows the usual substitution of v for b and the confusion of the dental and palatal sibilants....


The inscription refers itself to the reign of Jajalladeva II of the Kalachuri Dynasty of Ratanpur. The object of it is to record the construction, at Mallâr, of a temple of Siva under the name of Kêdâra by a Brâhmana named Sômarâja. It is dated in the year 919 (expressed in decimal figures only) of an unspecified era. The date must, of course be referred to the Kalachuri era. The year, expired would correspond to 1167-68 A.C.

After two mangal-slôkas invoking the blessings of Siva and Ganapati, the inscription describes Ratnadeva as a fierce cloud which extinguished the continuously raging flames of the spreading mighty fire of the valour of the king Chôdaganga.' This plainly refers to the victory of Ratnadeva II over Anantavarman Chôdaganga, the mighty king of Kalinga5. We are next told that Ratnadëva (II) had a son named Prithvïdêva (II),

1. The name is variously spelt as Mallâr in the Maps, Malhar in the list of the Villages of the Bilaspur Dtstrict and as Mallâla in the present inscription. I have chosen Mallâr as it approximates Mallâla.

2. Above, No 93

3. Dr Kielhorn, who first observed this similarity, thought that Devagana, the author of the Ratanpur inscription, imitated the composition of his father Ratnasimha, for the Ratanpur inscription eulogizes five of the grandchildren of Ratnasimha. He therefore read the date of that inscription as (Vikrama) 1247. That the real date is (Vikrama) 1207 has already been show, see above, p 485. The Ratanpur inscription was therefore composed about 18 years before the present one. Consequently, Ratnasimha himself was the imitator. This can also be inferred from the wording of v 22 of the present inscription. See below p 518, n. 2.

4. See No 98, below. It may be noted that it is dated in the same Kalachuri year as the present inscription

5. See above, p 484

[p.513]: whose son Jâjalladëva (II) was ruling when the present record was put up.

The inscription next gives the genealogy of Sômarâja. At the village Kumbhaṭi (कुमभटी) in Madhya-desa (Middle Country) watered by the celestial river (Gangâ), there lived a Brâhmana named Prithvidhara of Krishnâtrëya gotra with pravaras Atreya, Ārchanânasa and Syavasva 1. His son Gangâdhara came, in course of time, to the country of Tummâna where he was honoured by Ratnadêva II with the gift of the village Kosambi (कोसंबी) 2. Gangâdhara's son, Sômarâja was proficient in both the Mîmâmsâs, the Nyâya and Varsësesika systems, and refuted the doctrines of the Charvakas, Bauddhas and Jainas. He constructed a temple of the god Këdara at Mallâla, at which the present inscription was evidently put up. The record was composed by Ratnasimha, the son of name, who belonged to the Vâstavya family and owed his rise to the llustrious Râghava. The latter is evidently identical with the homonymous astrologer who is mentioned as one of the donees in the Amôda plates of Jâjalladëva II3. Both Mame and Ratnasimha are mentioned in the Ratanpur stone inscription of the reign of Prithvïdëva II, dated V 1207, which was composed by Ratnasimha's son Dëvagana. The present record was written on the stone by the Kshatriya Kumârapâla of the race of Sahasrâijuna, who, as already stated, is named as the scribe in several other records.4 It was incised by the sculptor Sâmpula 5.

Of the geographical names mentioned here, Madhya-desa roughly corresponds to the present Uttar Pradesh.

Kumbhati can not be identified.

Tunamâna has already been shown to be identical with Tumân, 16 miles north-east of Ratanpur.

Mallâla is clearly Mallâr (Malhar) in Masturi tahsil of Bilaspur district, where the stone is said to have been found.

There is no Village in the Bilaspur District exactly corresponding to Kôsamvî or Kôsambi, but if Kôsamvi of the text is a mistake for Kosandhi, the village would be represented by Kôsamdih6, 8 miles from Mallâr. 7

1. The text gives Archanâna as the name of the second pravara and Sasyâvâsa as that of the third, but these are clearly mistakes for Arihanânasa and Syâvàsva respectively. See below, text p 514, n 11

2 The text actually reads Kosamvî, but as already pointed out, v is used in it everywhere for b

3. Below, No 99, LL 23-24

4. See above, p 503, n 1

5. Sâmpula was the sculptor of the Ratanpur stone inscription (No 93, above) also

6. Such a mistake is not unlikely, though it must be admitted that in the present inscription dh is clearly distinguished from v by the absence of a horizontal stroke at the top, except in dhâ which is differentiated from va by a horizontal stroke joining its two verticals

7. I C P B (second ed ), p 124

Wiki editor note -

  • Tamana (Jat clan) = Tummâna (Country). Mentioned in Mallar stone inscription of Jajalladeva II (Kalachuri) year 919 (1167 AD). Tunamâna has already been shown to be identical with Tumân, 16 miles north-east of Ratanpur. [13] The ruins of capital of Kalacuris Tuman can be still seen in north-west of Laafaagadh Jamindari (Kota tahsil) in present Bilaspur district. [14] Lufa or Lapha town in in north of Pali town.

Koni Stone Inscription Of Prithvideva II - (Kalachuri) Year 900 (=1148 AD)

Koni Stone Inscription Of Prithvideva II - (Kalachuri) Year 900 (=1148 AD) mentions ....Verse 26 mentions the exploits of Purushôttama. He conquered the Khimmindi mandala, made the Talahâri mandala attractive, punished Dandapura, subjugated Khijjinga, killed Haravôhu and threatened the ruler of Dandabhukti. It may be noted that some of these countries are also mentioned in a fragmentary verse eulogising the Kalachuri king Jajalladeva I, which occurs in his Ratanpur stone inscription, dated K 8663 Jajalladeva is said to have received annual tributes from the rulers of Dakshina Kosala, Andhra, Khimidi, Vairagara, Lanjikâ, Bhanara, Talahari, Dandakapura, Nandavali and Kukkuta. It will be noticed that Khimidi, Talahari and Dandapura (दण्डपुर) are common to the two lists of countries. It may therefore be conjectured that Purushôttama took a prominent part in the expeditions of Jajalladeva I against the rulers of these three countries. (p.465). [15]


The present inscription no doubt states that Purushôttama was made Sarvâdhikàrin by Ratnadëva II but that does not necessarily imply that he first came into prominence during that king's reign. He may have held the office of a minister under Jajalladeva I also, and may have distinguished himself during that king's wars. Of these three countries, Talahari mandala was probably the name of the southern portion of the Bilaspur tahsil and the adjoining portion of the Jânjgir tahsil. Jajalladeva's conquest of Talahari is mentioned in some other records of the period4 Khimmindi or Khimidi may be the former Kimedi Zamindari in the Ganjam District. Jajalladeva I's expedition against this country, which probably owned the suzerainty of the Eastern Gangas, may have provoked Anantavarman-Chôdaganga into launching his invasion of the Kalachuri kingdom during the reign of Jâjalladeva's son and successor Ratnadeva II. Nothing is known about the expedition against Dandapura. This town may have been the capital of Dandabhukti. (p.465) . [16]

Talahâri seems to have comprised the country round Mallâr in the Bilaspur and Janjgir tahsils. Its ancient name seems to have been Taradamshaka-bhukti (तरदंशक भुक्ति) mentioned in an old copper-plate grant[17] of Mahâshivagupta-Bâlârjuna, found near Mallar. (p.467)[18]

External links

References

  1. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.501-511
  2. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.409-417
  3. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.450-457
  4. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.501-511
  5. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.409-417
  6. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.450-457
  7. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.501-511
  8. ↑ Ep Ind. Vol XXIII, p.120
  9. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p. 463-473
  10. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.409-417
  11. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p.501-511
  12. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p. 512-518
  13. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p. 512-518
  14. ↑ Dr Vinita Naik:Agharia Kshatriya, p. 68
  15. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p. 463-473
  16. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p. 463-473
  17. ↑ Ep Ind. Vol XXIII, p.120
  18. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1955, p. 463-473

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