Bhadrak

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)
Map of Bhadrak District

Bhadrak (भद्रक) is a city and district of Odisha state in eastern India. It came into existence on 1 April 1993. The city is the district headquarters of Bhadrak district.

Origin

According to legend, the city derives its name from the Goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple is on the banks of the Salandi River.[1] The godess Bhadrakali was the consort of Virabhadra, the ancestor of Jats.


Jat Clans

  • Bhadrak (भद्रक) is a gotra of Jats. [2]
  • Bhad (भाद) gotra of Jats found in in Uttar Pradesh [3] is said to have started from capital Bhadra (भादरा) of the Bhadraka (भद्रक) rulers. [4]
  • Bhadu are said to be descendants of Mahabharata times tribe Bhadraka (भद्रक).[5] Bhadrakas fled towards the west for the fear of Jarasandha along with the eighteen tribes of the Bhojas; the Surasenas, the Vodhas, the Salwas, the Patachcharas, the Susthalas, the Mukuttas, and the Kulindas, and the Kuntis.[6]

History

According to legend, Bhadrak derives its name from the Goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple is situated on the southwest outskirts of the town. It is an ancient land, dating from the age of the Puranas.[7]

Bhadrak's contribution to Odisha's maritime and agrarian prosperity, trade, and commerce throughout the ages is a part of history. In the Mughal period, Bhadrak was a subah, or province, under the Nawabs of Bengal. When the imperial power of the Mughals waned, the area consisted of principalities such as Kanika, Nampo, and Agarapada, with administrative sub-units called chowparhies, all ruled by Kshatriya chiefs.[8]

After the occupation of Odisha by the British in June 1804, Bhadrak constituted one of the two administrative divisions of Cuttack and Balasore. In 1828, when Balasore was made a separate district, Bhadrak became one of its sub-divisions with an assistant magistrate and deputy collector as the sub-divisional head; but the munsif's court remained in Jajpur until 1901.[9]

Bhadrak was at the forefront during the period of national struggle. In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement was launched. In March 1921, Gandhi visited Bhadrak, after being impressed by its nationalistic fervor and fighting spirit. In 1922, he started the rebellion of Kanika which British troops stationed at Bhadrak attempted to suppress; but ultimately the tenants' movement triumphed, under the leadership of Chakradhar Behera, the doyen of Kanika.[10]

When the civil disobedience movement was launched in 1930, Bhadrak became ardent with patriotic zeal, the salt law was defied, and success achieved against the government. Harekrushna Mahatab's role in this success has become cherished in Bhadrak, and a part of the history of modern India. Gandhi, who visited Bhadrak again in 1934, staying in Mahatab's residence at Nuabazar, addressed a meeting of the Harizan workers in Jimbaran Ashram (Nuasahi, Ashram, Garadpur). It was during this time that Banchhanidhi Mohanty of Eram was by his patriotic songs shaping, stimulating, and sensitizing the national consciousness among the people.[11]

भद्रक

भद्रकाली मंदिर, भद्रक

भद्रक : ओडिशा स्थित भद्रक राज्य का एक महत्वपूर्ण शहर है, जो अपने सांस्कृतिक और ऐतिहासिक महत्व के लिए जाना जाता है। इस शहर का नाम भद्रकाली के नाम पर पड़ा है, जिनका एक मंदिर यहां सालंदी नदी के किनारे स्थित है। शहर के अतीत पर नजर डालने से पता चलता है, कि यह शहर कभी मुगल काल के दौरान एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रांत हुआ करता था। जिसके बाद यह कई शक्तिशाली शासकों के अधीन चला गया। भद्रक भ्रमण की शुरुआत आप यहां के सबसे प्रसिद्ध भद्रकाली मंदिर के दर्शन से कर सकते हैं। यह गांव मुख्य शहर से 8 कि.मी की दूरी पर अहरपाड़ा गांव में स्थित है। यह मंदिर इसलिए भी महत्वपूर्ण माना जाता है कि यहां की देवी के नाम से शहर का नामकरण हुआ है। यहां देवी की मूर्ति ब्लैक ग्रेनाइट पत्थर से बनी है, और देवी यहां शेर पर बैठी हुई नजर आती हैं। [12]

जाट इतिहास

महाभारतकालीन जनपदों में भद्रक लोगों का भी वर्णन आता है। ये जाटवंश अवश्य ही जांगल देश के भादरा नगर के क्षेत्र में रहे होंगे और निश्चित ही भादरा इनकी राजधानी रही होगी। भादरा से जोधपुर और अजमेर की ओर इनका बढ़ना पाया जाता है। ये लोग शान्तिप्रिय पाये जाते हैं और अब भादू और कहीं-कहीं भादा कहलाते हैं[13]

In Mahabharata

Bhadrakara (भद्रकर) in Mahabharata (I.89.46), (1.94), (II.13.25),

Panibhadraka (पाणिभद्रक) or Bhadraka (भद्रक) in Mahabharata (VI.47.9)

Parabhadraka (परभद्रक) in Mahabharata (VI.52.14), (VIII.17.8),(VIII.17.26),(VIII.44.7)

Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 13 mentions the tribes who fled out of fear of Jarasandha. Bhadrakara (भद्रकर ) is mentioned in Mahabharata (II.13.25).[14]....Bhadrakas fled towards the west from the fear of Jarasandha along with the eighteen tribes of the Bhojas; the Surasenas, the Vodhas, the Salwas, the Patachcharas, the Susthalas, the Mukuttas, and the Kulindas, and the Kuntis.....

Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 47 has mentioned them as Panibhadraka (पणिभद्रक), who assembled there for battle to protect Bhishma with their (respective) troops. [15]

Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 52 has mentioned them as Prabhadraka (परभद्रक) who sided with Kauravas along with Panchala tribe (VI.52.14). [16]

Villages in Bhadrak tahsil

Aharpada, Alauti, Amargadia, Ambroli, Ampor, Anantapur, Andheipali, Andhia, Aranji, Arnapal, Asura, Atto, Bagamara, Bahadalpur, Bahudarada, Balabhadrapur, Balajitpada, Balanta, Balo, Banapinjara, Bandhgan, Bania, Bantia, Baradadihi, Baranga, Barapada, Barapadi, Basalpur, Basuapada, Basudebpur, Baudpur, Belada, Bental, Betra, Bhabanibindha, Bhadrak (M), Bhagabanpur, Bhaktibrahmapur, Bhattira, Bibhutipur, Bije Gangadharpur, Bilabari, Biripada, Bishnupurbindha, Brahmapur, Chadheya, Chakbental, Chandanpur, Chandigan, Charampa, Chhatisbirajapur, Chinamali, Chunida, Churangpur, Daising, Dando, Deulapal, Dharmasaranabindha, Dinari, Elakha, Eradei, Erara, Erei, Erendei, Gajendrapur, Gandagara, Ganijang, Ganjamal, Gelpur, Geltua, Gobindapur, Gohirani, Gopalbindha, Goramati, Govindpur, Gujidarada, Hamirbindha, Haripur, Haripur, Harisankarpur, Hasinpur, Jagadalpur, Jagannathapur, Jalanga, Jayrampur, Jhadsara, Jiragambhira, Jitanaga, Kadapada, Kalahandia, Kalei, Kalidaspur, Kantapara, Kantia, Kasalpur, Kaupur, Kedarpur, Kespur, Khanabadi, Khandatara, Khorasahi, Khordanga, Kodagambhir, Korabaruan, Korakara, Koranta, Kuapada, Kudiamal, Kundla, Kuntala, Kusunnagar, Madhusudanpur, Maliaruan, Mulagan, Nachhipur, Naho, Nalagara, Nalanga, Nanguri, Narayanpur, Nurpur, Ogalpur, Olang, Pachhatira, Pagar, Palasinga, Palli, Panchapada, Panibhandar, Paribindha Marpur, Paribindharasalpur, Porapara, Raghunathpur, Raghupatibindha, Rajpur, Rajualibindha, Ramakrushunapur, Rambhila, Rampur, Randia, Rangarajapur, Ranj, Ratanpur, Routragadiapatana, Sabarang, Sahara, Sahaspur, Saidabad, Samaraipur, Samia, Saragadia, Saramanga, Sarasatia, Saripal, Serpur, Singara, Sirapur, Srirampur, Sukunalia, Susiladeipur, Susua, Tagira, Talanga, Tankuni, Taragana, Tentuligaria, Thuruda, Tigiria, Tihiri, Tisalpur, Toranga, Toranpada, Tunda, Ukura,

Villages in Bhadrak District

Achak, Adhuan, Adia, Akhuapada, Alabaga, Alauti, Alinagar, Amarnagar, Ambroli, Ampor, Anandapur, Andarei, Andheipali, Andhia, Andola, Anijo, Apanda, Aradi, Arandua, Arasa, Arjunbindha, Arjunpur, Artung, Aruha, Astak, Asura, Asurali, Atto Bachhada, Badahattrilochanpur, Badaostia, Badbarchhikayan, Bagamara, Bagdabinayakpur, Baghanata, Bahabalpur, Bahudarada, Baikunthapur, Bajarapur, Balabhadraprasad, Balabhadrapur, Balarampur, Balasahi, Baliapal, Balichaturi, Baligan, Balimed, Balimunda, Balipada, Balipokhari, Bamanbindha, Bamkura, Bandhatia, Bandhgan, Bania, Banktira, Bant, Bantia, Barandua, Baranga, Barapada, Baro, Barsar, Basantia, Basudebpur, Baudpur, Bayabanapur, Bayangdihi, Belasaunlia, Bental, Bentalpur, Betra, Bhabanibindha, Bhadrak, Bhagabanpur, Bhandari Pokhari, Bhatapada, Bhatapada, Bhatasahi, Bhuinbruti, Bideipur, Bidyadharpur, Bijayanagar, Bilana, Birabarapur, Biras, Biroli, Biruan, Bishnupur, Bishnupurbindha, Bisolsasan, Bodaka, Brahmangan, Brahmapur, Brajanandapur, Chabispada, Chadheya, Chakarapadhi, Chandabali, Chandanpur, Chandigan, Chandipur, Chandrakatbindha, Charadia, Charampa, Charigan, Charitaraf, Chasakhand, Chhatis Samil Nandor, Chhatrapada, Chhedak, Chudamani, Chunida, Dadhibamanpur, Daipur, Daising, Dakshinadhamara, Dalanga, Dando, Dappa, Daulatapur, Deopada, Deula, Deuladihi, Dhamanagar, Dhusuri, Dillo, Dinari, Dolasahi, Dosinga, Eram, Erara, Erei, Ertal, Falapur, Fatepur, Fatepur, Gadagadi, Gajipur, Gariali, Gelpur, Geltua, Ghatapur, Gobindapur, Gobindpur, Goladia, Golapokhari, Gopalbindha, Gopinathpur, Gopinathpur, Goramati, Goudabishinuapada, Goudunipokhari, Govindapur, Govindpur, Guagaria, Guamal, Gudupal, Gujidarada, Haladia, Haripur, Haripur, Harisinghpur, Hasinpur, Hengupati, Ichhadamajapharpur, Indiria, Jagadalpur, Jagannathapur, Jagannathprasad, Jagannathpur, Jagannathpur, Jagula, Jahangir, Jalahari, Jalamandua, Jalanga, Jaleswarpur, Jantuali, Jashipur, Jayadurgapatana, Jayantara, Jharakata, Jhutna , Jitanaga, Josotikiri, Jyotisingpur, Kaithkola, Kakurigaria, Kalei, Kalidaspur, Kalyani, Kamargan, Kamaria, Kandagaradi, Kandaragadia, Kandha, Kanjiapal, Kanpada, Kantapari, Kanti, Kantia, Kantika, Karada, Karanapali, Karanapokhari, Karanjaadia, Karanjamal, Karanjigunupur, Kasimpur, Katasahi, Kathamunda, Kaupur, Kedarpur, Kesarpur, Khamarasahi, Khandatara, Khantakhuada, Khaparapada Kharida Binayakpur, Kharimahara, Khatuapatna, Kheranga, Khorasahi, Kismatkrushnapur, Kodagambhir, Kolha, Koliaria, Korabaruan, Korakara, Koranta Korigan, Korkara, Korua, Kothar, Kotsira, Krushnapur , Kuamara, Kuanrchatara, Kuanrda, Kubera, Kudakanthi, Kulana, Kumarpur, Kumbaria , Kusunnagar, Laxmidaspur, Lo-oger-chhamauza, Lunga, Madhapur, Madhusudanpur, Mahantipada, Maharampur, Mahulia, Makhalpur, Malda, Mallikadeipur, Malpur, Maltira, Mangalpur, Mangarajpur, Maninathapur, Manipur, Matto, Maudpur, Mausudha, Mirjapur, Mirjapur, Mobarakpur, Mruganayani, Muan, Mushang, Mustafapur, Nachhibindha, Nadigan, Naguan, Naikanidihi, Nalagohira, Nalagunda, Nalanga, Nami, Nandakandarpa, Nandapatna, Nandapur, Nandore, Nanguri, Narasinghpur, Narasinghpur, Narendrapur, Narendrapur, Narendrapur, Naugoruda, Nenjara, Nerada, Nirgundi, Nuabandha, Nuagan, Nuaganichapur, Nuananda, Nunia, Odanga, Olaga, Olang, Orada, Orali, Pachhalo, Padhani, Padhanpada, Padhuan, Padmapur, Pagar, Pahadpur, Paikasahi, Palasa, Palasahi, Palasapur, Paliabindha, Palkiri, Palli, Panchapada, Panchupada, Panchutikiri, Pangata, Paramanandapur , Patrisahi, Patuli, Piteipur, Purnaprasad, Purusandha, Radho, Raghunathpur, Raghupatibindha, Rahanian, Raipur, Rajgharpokhari, Rajnagarmangalpur, Rajpur, Rajualibindha, Ramakrushunapur, Rambhila, Rampur, Randia, Ranj, Ranjit, Ratanga, Rauturapur, Sabarang, Sadanandapur, Sahara, Sahupada , Sainta, Samantaraipur, Samaraipur, Sankharu, Sanlapur, Santarapur, Santhapura, Saramanga, Saramara, Sarapur, Sarasada, Saro, Sasikadeipur, Sathibankuda, Satiuti, Satsola, Saya, Sayadjafar, Sendhagara, Serapur, Serpur, Shyamsundarpur, Silandi, Sindol, Singara , Singiti, Sirapur, Sodha, Sohara, Solampur, Sorisadihi, Sriganga, Suan, Subhadia, Sudarsanpur, Sugo, Sundarpur, Surajapur, Susiladeipur, Susua, Taladapa, Taladumuka, Talagop, Talagopbindha, Talakanpada, Talanga, Talapada, Taragana, Tarago, Telnati, Tentulidihi, Thaila, Tillo, Toranga, Toranpada, Totapada, Tulamtula, Uhad, Upardumuka, Urunia, Uteipur, Uttarbad,

Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Bhadrak had a population of 92,397. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bhadrak has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 57% of males and 43% of females literate. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

BHadrak is famous for its kalipuja held at "charampa" .This famous goddess is known as "Bhadrakali" .

References

  1. ↑ "About the Bhadrak District".
  2. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. भ-34
  3. ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter VIII,s.n. 60,p-585
  4. ↑ Mahendra Singh Arya et al.: Ādhunik Jat Itihas, Agra 1998, p. 271
  5. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter III,p.195
  6. ↑ Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 13:Mahabharata (II.13.25)
  7. ↑ "About the Bhadrak District".
  8. ↑ "About the Bhadrak District".
  9. ↑ "About the Bhadrak District".
  10. ↑ "About the Bhadrak District".
  11. ↑ "About the Bhadrak District".
  12. ↑ https://hindi.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/tourist-places-to-visit-in-bhadrak-odisha/articlecontent-pf24009-003550.html
  13. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter III (Page 195)
  14. ↑ शूरसेना भद्र कारा बॊधाः शाल्वाः पतच चराः, सुस्दराश च सुकुट्टाश च कुणिन्थाः कुन्तिभिः सह (II.13.25)
  15. ↑ चित्रसेनेन सहिताः सहिताः पाणिभद्रकैः, भीष्मम एवाभिरक्षन्तु सह सैन्यपुरस्कृताः (VI.47.9)
  16. ↑ धृष्टथ्युम्नः शिखण्डी च पाञ्चालाश च परभद्रकाः, मध्ये सैन्यस्य महतः सदिता युथ्धाय भारत (VI.52.14)

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