Anarta
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Anarta (आनर्त) was the son of Sharyati in Suryavansha. The capital of this kingdom was Kushasthali (the ancient name of Dwaraka). It was an ancient Indian region which corresponded to the present-day North Kathiawar region of Gujarat state[1]
Variants
- Anarta (आनर्त) (AS, p.63)
- Anarta Nagari/Anartanagari (आनर्त नगरी)
Mention by Panini
Anarta (आनर्त ) is name of a Country mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Dhumadi (धूमादि) (4.2.127) group.[2]
Jat Gotras from Anarta
Anlayam (आनलायम) Jat gotra gets its name from Anarta (आनर्त). [3]
Annu, Anla, Onla, Anlayam, Onra, Antawat etc are the gotras of the Ann dynasty found amongst the Jats. There is reference to King Anlakha in the Mahabharata (Sabha Parva).
According to the census of 1911 the number of the Jat belonging to this gotra was 87,000. They are found in Jullundur, Hoshiarpur and Bikaner State. [4]
Anarta in the Puranic literature
According to Bhagavata Purana (Skandha IX. Chap. 3) the ancestry of Anarta is as under:
Manu → Sharyati → Sukanya (m. Chyavana) + Uttanavarhi + Anarta + Dhuri Sena
Anarta → Revata (He built a town called Kusasthali in the midst of the sea and from that town ruled Anarta and other lands.) → Kakudmin → Revati
According to the Puranic accounts, this region was ruled by the Sharyata dynasty rulers, who claimed their descent from Sharyati, a son of Vaivasvata Manu. The kingdom was named after Anarta, the son of Sharyati. The capital of this kingdom was Kushasthali (the ancient name of Dwaraka). The last ruler of this dyansty was Kakudmi. After him, it was occupied by the Punyajana Rakshasas.[5] Later, the Yadavas migrated to this region under the leadership of Krishna.[6]
Sage Chyavana was also connected with Sharyati and Anarta. He married Sukanya, daughter of Sharyati and sacrificed for him.[7] His descendants were associated with the Haihayas, which occupied the neighbouring region, apparently after the demise of the Sharyata kingdom.[8]
Anarta under Saka rule
The Junagarh rock inscription of the Saka ruler Rudradaman I mentions Anarta as a part of his kingdom. He placed Anarta under his Pahlava (Parthian) Amatya (minister) Suvishakha, who re-built a dam on the Sudarshana Lake there.[9]
आनर्त
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[10] ने लेख किया है ...आनर्त (AS, p.63) प्राचीन भारत में गुजरात के उत्तर-पश्चिमी भाग को कहा जाता था। द्वारावती आधुनिक द्वारका इसकी प्रधान नगरी थी। आनर्तान् कालकूटांश्च कुलिन्दांश्च विजित्य स: महाभारत, सभापर्व- 26, 4। महाभारत के इस उल्लेख के अनुसार अर्जुन ने पश्चिम दिशा की विजय-यात्रा में आनर्तों को जीता था।
सभापर्व के एक अन्य वर्णन से ज्ञात होता है कि आनर्त का राजा शाल्व था, जिसकी राजधानी सौभनगर में थी। श्री कृष्ण ने इस देश को शाल्व से जीत लिया था। (किन्तु दे. शाल्वपुर; मार्तिकावत) विष्णु पुराण में आनर्त की राजधानी कुशस्थली (द्वारका का प्राचीन नाम) बताई गई है- 'आनर्तस्यापि रेवतनामा पुत्रो जज्ञे, योऽसावनर्तविशयं बुभुजे पुरीं च कुशस्थलीमध्युवास।' ( विष्णु पुराण 4, 1, 64) इस उद्धरण से यह भी सूचित होता है कि आनर्त के राजा रेवत के पिता का नाम आनर्त था। इसी के नाम से इस देश का नाम आनर्त हुआ होगा। रेवत बलराम की पत्नी रेवती के पिता थे। महाभारत (उद्योगपर्व 7,6) से भी विदित होता है कि आनर्त नगरी, द्वारका का नाम था- 'तमेव दिवसं चापि कौन्तेय: पांडुनंदन:, आनर्त नगरीं रम्यां जगामाशु धनंजय:।'
गिरनार के प्रसिद्ध अभिलेख के अनुसार रुद्रदामन ने 150 ई. के लगभग अपने पहलव अमात्य सुविशाख को आनर्त और सौराष्ट्र आदि जनपदों का शासक नियुक्त किया था- 'कृत्स्नानामानर्त सौराष्ट्राणां पालनार्थं नियुक्तेन पह्लवे कुलैप पुत्रेणामात्येन सुविशाखेन।' रुद्रदामन ने आनर्त को सिंधु-सौवीर आदि जनपदों के साथ विजित किया था--स्ववीर्यार्जितानामनुरक्त सर्वप्रकृतीनां पूर्वापराकरा वन्त्यनूपनी वृदानर्त सुराष्ट्र श्वभ्रभरुकच्छ सिंधु सौवीर कुकुरापरान्त निषादादीनां..
References
- ↑ Mahajan, V.D. (1960, reprint 2007). Ancient India, New Delhi: S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0887-6, p.423
- ↑ V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.509
- ↑ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudee, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998
- ↑ Ram Swarup Joon:History of the Jats/Chapter V, 1938, 1967 (Eng Tr)
- ↑ Pargiter, F.E. (1922, reprint 1972). Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.98
- ↑ Pargiter, F.E. (1922, reprint 1972). Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.282
- ↑ Pargiter, F.E. (1922, reprint 1972). Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.194
- ↑ Pargiter, F.E. (1922, reprint 1972). Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.304
- ↑ Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). Political History of Ancient India, Calcutta: Univsrsity of Calcutta, pp.447, 449
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.63
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