Nainsi Ri Khyat

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)

Nainsi ri Khyat (नैणसी री ख्यात) is a late 17th-century Marwari & Dingal[1] text chronicling the history of Marwar. Its author Muhnot Nainsi, an official of Marwar State, based the Khyat (or chronicle) on the Charan accounts and the traditional Rajasthani Vat (or bat) as well as local administrative records.[2]

Variants

About the Khyat

Nainsi-ri-Khyat is considered to be the most prominent of khyats.[3] The Khyat contains a collection of bats as well as kavitts, dohas, and vanshavallis (genealogies).[4]

The Khyat includes a comprehensive account of the genealogies and histories of the various ruling dynasties in the regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat including Marwar, Mewar, Jaisalmer, Sirohi, Amber, Dhundhar, Kutch, Gujarat, Tharparkar, and Saurashtra. The histories of the Chauhans, Rathores, Kachhwahas and Bhatis are dealt with in great detail. The Khyat extensively mentions the battles fought and men who died fighting; along with the names of forts, towns, hills and rivers.[5]

The present day Nainsi ri Khyat is based on the 1843 version by Panna Vithu, who rediscovered the lost text and updated it with the information & events of the 18th & 19th century.[6]

About the Author

Muhnot Nainsi, the author of this Khyat, was however not a Charan, but an Oswal mutsaddi in the court of Jaswant Singh of Marwar. Early in his professional career, Nainsi was appointed successively as the hakim (administrative head) of various parganas in Marwar.[7] He remained the Diwan of Marwar from 1658 till he lost favour with Jaswant Singh in 1666 following which he was imprisoned.

After the death of Muhnot Nainsi, his son Karamsi left the service of Maharaja Jaswant Singh and he, along with his family, joined the service under Rao Raisingh in Nagaur. Raisingh died suddenly on May 29, 1676, after being ill for two-three days in Solapur village. On Raisingh's sudden death, his officers asked vaidya (physician) the reason for his death. The physician, from Gujarat, replied in Gujarati that 'Karmano Dosh Hai' implying that it is fault of Karma (destiny). But the chieftains of Raisingh interpreted that Karamsi (son of Nainsi) had poisoned their master. Due to this, Karamsi was executed and orders were sent Nagaur to kill rest of his family. Thus, most of Nainsi's family was killed and only 2 young sons of Karamsi were able to escape to Bikaner with the help of servants.[8]

Jat History

Evidence compiled by Muhnot Nainsi on the clans of the Jats and their original homes and migration there from to different places in Merta in Nagaur are of Immense importance.

Nainsi offers some valuable information in respect of the Jats whose migration along with the ahirs and malis in Marwar was induced by successive Rathor rulers during the 14th and 15th centuries. [9] The other Jat clan were Godara who helped Bika in establishing Rathore principalities in Bikaner.

….As for the Jats prior to coming of Rathors in Rajasthan Nainsi refers to Jat settlements at Bhadang which is identified as the Saran Jatan Ra Des or des belonging to the Saran sept of Jats. [10]
….He (Nainsi) mentions two types of des. The first type is perceived as inhabited space identified with a region, sub-region a settlement of a particular caste, clan or tribe who may or may not have exercised political dominance. [11] In contradistinction to first type of des, the term ‘khali des’ is also widely used by Nainsi. It pointed out to unoccupied and uncolonized space. There are references to the occupation and colonization of Phalodi, a Khali des by Nara, the son of Rao Suja of Jodhpur.”

Jat settlements in Marwar

Sindh and Multan is bounded on the south by the arid region of Marwar in Rajasthan. Muhnot Nainsi mentions tribal settlements of Bhills, Kolis, Meenas, Meds and Jats in Marwar region. Prior to the coming of Rathors in Marwar in 15th century Nainsi refers to Jat settlement at Bhadana belonging to the Saran clan of the Jats. Due to internal rivalry with Saran clan the other Jat clan Godara helped Bika in establishing Rathor principality in Bikaner. The migration of Jats from other areas to Marwar led to the setting up of various villages in different parganas of Marwar especially between the period from 15th to 17th century. In this context the clan structure of the Jats assumes significance which might have facilitated the mobilization as well as movement of the collective strength Of the clan in terms of man power and agricultural capital.[12]

Jat clans and Jat Places mentioned by Muhnot Nainsi

He has mentioned following Jat Places and Jat clans[13]:

  • Anjana Jats - Muhnot Nainsi reports the existence Anjana Jats in a large number of the villages of Merta in Nagaur, Rajasthan. In the Caste-Census Report of 1891, they are reported to have taken their caste title or nomenclature from their home-village. This statement makes sense of the evidence of the vagat. The Jat immigrants from Nagaur presumably derived their caste title from the names of their Village.[14] They are Called Anana (आनणा जाट) in Jaipur and Tonk districts of Rajasthan.
Nainsi gives the following account of the conquest of Sanchor by the Chauhans1:
"Sanchor was originally under the Dahiyas. In the time of Vijayaraja Dahiya, Vijayasimha, son of Alhana, ruled over Simhavada. For some reason or other Vijayaraja Dahiya's nephew Mahiravana Vaghela turned against his uncle and going to Vijayasimha Chauhan proposed the capture and equal division of Sanchor between themselves. Vijayasimha agreed, and reaching Sanchor, on being invited by the Vaghela, killed the Dahiyas and had himself proclaimed the ruler of the place on the 11 th of the dark half of Phalguna, Samvat 1141. The Vaghela Mahiravana also was put to death"

मुहणौत नैणसी री ख्यात

इस ख्यात का लेखक मुहणौत नैणसी है।

मुहणौत नैणसी जोधपुर के राजा जसवंत सिंह का दीवान था।

मुहणौत नैणसी री ख्यात राजस्थान की सबसे प्राचीन ख्यात है।

मुहणौत नैणसी री ख्यात की भाषा मारवाड़ी व डिंगल भाषा है।

मुंशी देवी प्रसाद ने मुहणौत नैणसी को राजपूताना का अबुल-फजल कहा है।

अबुल-फजल का जन्म राजस्थान के नागौर में हुआ था।

अबुल-फजल अकबर ने नवरत्नों में शामिल फारसी इतिहासकार था।

मुहणौत नैणसी री ख्यात में राजपूतों की 36 शाखाओं का वर्णन किया गया है।

मुहणौत नैणसी री ख्यात को जोधपुर का गजेटियर कहा जाता है।

References

  1. ↑ Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
  2. ↑ Chatterjee, Indrani (2004). Unfamiliar Relations: Family and History in South Asia. Permanent Black. ISBN 978-81-7824-083-1.
  3. ↑ Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
  4. ↑ Kothiyal, Tanuja (2016-03-14). Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-67389-8.
  5. ↑ Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
  6. ↑ "Rajasthan Ke Itihaskar - Dr. Hukum Singh Bhati | PDF". Scribd.
  7. ↑ Peabody, Norbert (2001). "Cents, Sense, Census: Human Inventories in Late Precolonial and Early Colonial India". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 43 (4): 819–850. ISSN 0010-4175. JSTOR 2696671. PMID 18646375.
  8. ↑ "Rajasthan Ke Itihaskar - Dr. Hukum Singh Bhati | PDF". Scribd.
  9. ↑ Nainsi Khyat, Vol. II p. 6
  10. ↑ Nainsi Khyat, Vol. I p. 12
  11. ↑ Vigat, Vol. 2, p. 9
  12. ↑ The Jats Vol. 2: p. xv
  13. ↑ The Role of Jats in the Economic Development of Marwar
  14. ↑ Prof. B.L. Bhadani (AMU) : "The Role of Jats in the Economic Development of Marwar", The Jats, Vol.I, Originals, 2004, p.67
  15. ↑ Nainsi Khyat, Vol. I p. 12
  16. ↑ Nainsi ki khyat, part 3, p.273-274
  17. ↑ Nainsi ki khyat, part 3, p.273-274
  18. ↑ Nainsi Khyat, Vol. I p. 12

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