Bihar
Bihar (बिहार) is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 99,200 km² and 3rd largest by population. in India.
Variants
Location
Bihar lies mid-way between the humid West Bengal in the east and the sub humid Uttar Pradesh in the west which provides it with a transitional position in respect of climate, economy and culture. It is bounded by the country of Nepal to the north and by Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganga which flows through the middle from west to east.
Districts and tahsils of Bihar
Presently Bihar state consists 38 districts:
| District | Tahsils in district |
|---|---|
| Araria | • |
| Arwal | • |
| Aurangabad | • |
| Banka | • |
| Begusarai | • |
| Bhabhua | • |
| Bhagalpur | • |
| Bhojpur | • |
| Buxar | • |
| Darbhanga | • |
| East Champaran | • |
| Gaya | • |
| Gopalganj | • |
| Jamui | • |
| Jehanabad | • |
| Katihar | • |
| Khagaria | • |
| Kishanganj | • |
| Lakhisarai | • |
| Madhepur | • |
| Madhubani | • |
| Munger | • |
| Muzaffarpur | • |
| Nalanda | • |
| Nawada | • |
| Patna | • |
| Purnia | • |
| Rohtas | • |
| Saharsa | • |
| Samastipur | • |
| Saran | • |
| Sheohar | • |
| Shiekhpura | • |
| Sitamarhi | • |
| Siwan | • |
| Supaul | • |
| Vaishali | • |
| West Champaran | • |
Jat History
हवा सिंह सांगवान [1] लिखते हैं कि सन 2007 में चौधरी युद्धवीर सिंह महा सचिव अखिल भारतीय जाट महासभा के प्रयासों से पता लगा कि बिहार के कई इलाकों में यथा पटना, सहरसा, मधेपुरा, सुपौल, अररिया, कटिहार, पूर्णिया, गया, औरंगाबाद तथा भागलपुर जिलों में जाट बिखरे पड़े हैं. इनकी आबादी 84 गाँवों में पाई जाती है. इन्हें ये चौरासी जाट कहते हैं.
इनके प्रमुख गोत्र हैं:
महलौत, चौपड़ , खंगूरा, बालियान, रावत, कुंडल, भूरा, गेमर, मीठा आदि.
ये जाट वहां प्राचीन समय से आबाद हैं. इनमें पर्दा-प्रथा का रिवाज नहीं है. इन जाटों को बिहार राज्य में पिछड़ी जाती का आरक्षण मिला हुआ है. पटना जिले के गाँव चवरा में एक जाट विद्यालय है. 8 अगस्त 2009 को मेरठ में आयोजित जाट महा सम्मलेन में बिहार से कुछ जाट आये हुए थे जिनमें वहां की जाट महा सभा के प्रधान चौधरी शिवनाथ सिंह खंगूरा (मोब: 09934036873 ) तथा महा सचिव चौधरी उत्तम कुमार सिंह बालियान (मोब: 09973013964) प्रमुख थे.
Puneet Lakra[2] writes that some more information about Bihar Jat’s provided by Ch Shiv Pratap Singh during his visit in Jat Maha Adhevashan at Delhi is as under: Districts where Jats live are:-
Jat gotras
Few Gotra’s which are very common among Bihar Jats are:-
Places of Historical Importance
Jat Monuments
पटना से कुछ दूरी पर चौड़ा गांव स्थित है. आजादी से पहले ही यहां चौधरी महावीर सिंह ने जाट विद्यालय खोल दिया था. वे बहुत बड़े जमीदार थे. गंगा किनारे बहुत बड़ा जमीन का रकबा इनके पास था. नालंदा में कर्नल आर एस नेहरा का कॉलेज है जिसमें हजारों बच्चे पढ़ते हैं.
बिहार
विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[3] ने लेख किया है .....1. बिहार (AS, p.633) = बिहार नगर का प्राचीन नाम उद्दंडपुर या ओदंतपुरी है। बंगाल के प्रथम पाल नरेश गोपाल ने यहां एक महाविद्यालय स्थापित किया था जिसकी प्रसिद्धि दूर-दूर तक थी। तत्पश्चात मुसलमानों के शासनकाल में यह नगर बिहार के सुबह का मुख्य नगर बन गया। पाटलिपुत्र का गौरव हूणों के आक्रमण के समय छठी सदी ई. में नष्ट हो चुका था इसलिए बिहार नगर को ही मुसलमानों ने सूबे के शासन का मुख्य केंद्र बनाया। 1541 ई. में पाटलिपुत्र पटना की अपेक्षाकृत सुरक्षित स्थिति की महत्ता समझते हुए शेरशाह ने प्रांत की राजधानी पुनः पटना में बनाई। बिहार में गुप्त सम्राट स्कंदगुप्त के समय का एक अभिलेख प्राप्त हुआ था। इसमें वट नामक ग्राम में स्कंद गुप्त के किसी मंत्री (जिसकी बहन का विवाह कुमारगुप्त से हुआ था) द्वारा एक कूप की स्थापना का उल्लेख है।
2. बिहार (AS, p.633) = बिहार के प्रांत का नाम। स्थूल रूप से यह प्राचीन मगध है। बौद्ध बिहारों की यहाँ बहुतायत होने से इस प्रदेश का नाम बिहार हो गया था। यह नाम मध्यकालीन है।
3. बिहार (AS, p.633) = मध्य प्रदेश पूर्व मध्यकालीन इमारतों के लिए यह कस्बा उल्लेखनीय है।
Notable persons
Few notable person of Bihar Jats:
- Dr Mahesh Rai (Child Specialist at Safderjung Hospital in New Delhi)
- Ch Shiv Pratap Singh Khangura , President , Akhil Bhartiye Jat Mahasabha Bihar. He is Village Pradhan also. Add :- Village Chouda, Block Kudaspur , Dist. Patna. Mob no. 09934036873
- CH. Uttam Singh Balyan , General Secretary , Akhil Bhartiye Jat Mahasabha Bihar. Add:- :- Village Chouda, Block Kudaspur , Dist. Patna.
- Ch. Mithlesh Rai (Mehlot)- He is village Pradhan of his village.Add:- Village Mehthwa , PO: Mehthwa Bazaar, Block-Bhergamaa,Dist. Agariya , Bihar. Mob.no.09006220104
- Ch. Subhash Rai (Choupad) - He is deputy Pradhan of his village.Add:- Village Lakohi, PO: Nandlali, Dist. Sahersa, Bihar. Mob. 0828621434
- Jitender Rana: IPS 2005 batch Bihar Cadre, SP East Champaran, M: 9771045009
Bihar Stone Pillar Inscription of Skandagupta
- . . . . . . . . . . . . a very moon of a man; equal in prowess to (the god Vishnu) the younger brother of Indra; unequalled in respect of virtuous qualities; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (Line 2.)— . . . . . . . . . . moreover, his son, docile towards (his) master on the earth; renowned; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by his own fame.
- (L. 3.)— . . . . . . . . . . . . whose sister, indeed, [was espoused] by Kumâragupta, of unequalled prowess.
- (L. 4.)— . . . . . . . . . . . . both the deceased ancestors and the gods, with the oblations proper for each of them; . . . . . . . . always . . . . . . . . . . . . things that are injurious to man, &c.
- (L. 5.)— . . . . . . . . . . . . caused to be made a group of temples, not [rivalled by] anything else that could be compared with it in the world.
- (L. 6.)— . . . . . . . . . . . . assuredly in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . which is beautiful with the erection of (this) best of columns.
- (L. 7.)— . . . . . . . . . . . of the trees . . . . . . . . . . . . the groups of fig-trees and castor oil plants, the tops of which are bent down by the weight of (their) flowers.
- (L. 8.)— . . . . . . . . . . by (the presence of) Bhadrâryâ, the house shines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the sky laden with fresh clouds.
- (L. 9.)— . . . . . . . . . . . . headed by (the god) Skanda, and by the divine Mothers, on the earth, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mankind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (L. 10.)— . . . . . . . . . . . . [he] made, indeed, the erection of (this) sacrificial pos . . . . . . . . . . . Bhadrâryâ and others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in (the village (?) called) Skandaguptabata (?), 30 (and) 5 shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- (L. 12.)— . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if there be any misdeed on the part of (his) father (or) his mother, let him share . . . . . . . . . . .
- (L. 13.)— . . . . . . . . . . . . in the agrahâra of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 shares . . . . . . . . by Anantasêna . . . . . . . . .
- (L. 14.)— . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The son of the Mahârâjâdhirâja, the glorious Samudragupta,— who was the exterminator [of all kings]; who had no antagonist (of equal power) in the world; [whose fame was tasted by the waters of the four oceans]; who was equal to (the gods) [Dhanada and Varuna] and Indra and Antaka; [who was the very axe] of (the god) Kritânta; [who was the giver of many millions of lawfully acquire cows and gold]; who was the restorer of the ashvamêdha-sacrifice, that had been [long] in abeyance; [who was the son of the son's son of the Mahârâdha, the illustrious Gupta]; who was the son's son of [the Mahârâja, the illustrious] Ghatôtkacha; (and) who was [the son] of the Mahârâjâdhâja, [the glorious Chandragupta (I.), (and) the daughter's son of Lichchhavi], begotten on the Mahâdêví Kumâradêvî,—
- (L. 19.)—(was) the most devout worshipper of the Divine One, the Mahârâjâdhirâja, [the glorious Chandragupta (II.)],— who was accepted by him;2 [who was begotten on] the Mahâdêvî [Dattadêvî]; (and) [who was himself without an antagonist (of equal power.)]
- (L. 21.)— [His son], who meditated on [his feet], (and) [who was begotten] on the Mahâdêvî Dhruvadêvî, (was) [the most devout worshipper of the Divine One], [the Mahârâjâdhirâja, the glorious Kumâragupta].
- (L. 22.)— [His] son, who meditated on his feet, (is) [the most devout worshipper the Divine One, the Mahârâjâdhirâja, the glorious] Skandagupta.
- (L. 24.)— [1], the most devout worshipper of the Divine One, (the Mahârâjâdhirâja, the glorious Skandagupta, issue a command] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the town of Ajapura in the . . . . . . vishaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a perpetual endowment . . . . . . . . . . . a village-field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the Uparika, the Kumâyâmâtya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acquired by the merchant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the seat (of office) (?) of the Âgrahârika, the Saulkika, and the Gaulmika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and others who subsist on Our favour;—
- (L. 31.)— " I have been requested by . . . . . . varman,— By my father's father, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the Bhatta Guhilasvâmin, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . belonging to Bhadrâryâ . . . . . . . . . . . "
- From: Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 50-52.
External links
References
- ↑ हवा सिंह सांगवान:असली लुटरे कौन, 2009, पृ. 84 -85
- ↑ http://www.jatland.com/forums/showthread.php/25394-Was-Gautama-Buddha-a-Jat/page2, post no,37
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.633
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