Sibia

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Shibi (शिबि)[1] Sibi (सिबी) Sibia (सिबिया) [2][3][4]Shibia (शिबिया)[5] Siba[6]/Sibai/Sibaya Shivi (शिवी)[7] is a gotra of Jats. Sibia is found in Punjab and Shivi in Uttar Pradesh. [8] Dilip Singh Ahlawat has mentioned it as one of the ruling Jat clans in Central Asia. [9].

Origin

  • Shibi (शिबि) Janapada or republic of ancient India.

Jat Gotras Namesake

History

The Sibia Jats: Bhim Singh Dahiya[10] writes:This is yet another clan of the Jats which is being mentioned from remote antiquity. The word Sibiya is derived from Sibi, their first ancestor. Rig Veda mentions the Sivas, who fought against Sudasa in the Battle of the Ten Kings.[11] They are also mentioned by the scholiast on Panini. Their ancestor Sivi was the son of Usinara.[12] Another king of the Sivis was named Amitrat apana. [13]

The famous Shorkot inscription mentions their capital city as Sibipura.[14] The Shorkot mound in Jhang district (Pakistan) is the sight of Sibipura. It was lying between the rivers Ravi and Chenab in the Punjab.

The Greek writers mention them quite often. Arrian mentions them as Sibai.[15] They are also noted by Diodorus. At

[p.78]: the time of Alexander's invasion in 326 B.C., they had 40,000 soldiers under arms, ready to fight the Greeks. Arrian records,

"When the army of Alexander came among the Sibai, an Indian tribe, and noticed that they wore skins, they declared that the Sibai were descended from those who belonged to the expedition of Herakles, (again the connection of Jats with [[Hercules!) and had been left behind, for besides being dressed in skins, the Sibai carry a cudgel, and brand on the backs of their oxen, the representation of a club, wherein the Macedonians recognised a memorial of Herakles."[16]

B.C. Law, who gives these references, without identifying them with the Jats of Sibia clan, evades the point by saying, "It seems reasonable to suppose, from the above description of their dress and weapons that the tribe belonged to a racial group not distinctly Aryan.[17] Only B.C. Law has the magic power to know the racial features of a people from their weapons and dress! His phrase, "not distinctly Aryan", is without any basis. Were they indistinctly Aryan? They must have come to Punjab in the sixth century B.C., at the time of the fall of Manda empire at the hands of Cyrus the Great, and Darius. Their dress only shows their hardy nature, unspoilt by luxury which makes nations weak and cowardly. Their cows and oxen, show their cattle breeding and agricultural profession, while their army and weapons prove them to be what Panini calls, "Ayudhajivi" (living by fighting).

In India, they first settled on the Chandrabhaga (Chenab River|Chenab]]) river and later some of them moved to Rajasthan and even towards south along the Kaveri river. The Shivi Jataka No. 499, mentions their king with two cities, named as Aritthapura and Jettuttara]. The first is mentioned by Ptolemy, as Aristobothra, in the north of the Punjab.[18] The second city Jetuttara is identified by N.L. Dey with Nagri, 11 miles north of Chittor. Alberuni mentions it as Jattararur, capital of Mewar.[19] A number of their coins have been found near Chittor, at Madhyamika, and the legends on these coins are "Majhamikaya Sivijanapadasa", i.e., coins of the republic of the Sivis of Madhyamika (Chittor).

[p.79]: The democratic nature of their rule is further indicated by Vassantara Jataka, which shows that the king of the Sibis, banished his own son, Vassantara (वसंतर) in obedience to the demand of his people.

The Mahabharata refers to a Sibi-rashtra (country of the Sibis) ruled by king Usinara.[20] According to Pargiter[21] Sivi son of Ushinara not only originated the Sibis, but also extended his conquests in the whole of the Punjab, through his four sons, named Urisadarbha, Suvira, Kekaya and Madraka who founded the kingdoms named after their names.[22] It was after the names of Suvira and Madraka, that the people of Punjab were called in the Puranas, as Sauviras and Madrakas. The Sibis also migrated to the extreme south of India. The Dasha Kumara Charitam refers to a settlement of the Sibis on the Kaveri river. Varahamihira in his Brihatsamhita mentions a Sivika country in the south. H.C. Ray Chaudhuri identifies the southern Sibis with the Chola ruling family.[23]

Historian Bhim Singh Dahiya has provided proofs of Sivis being Jats. The first proof is of course the name itself. Sibi or Sivi, is the original name of their ancestor and Sibiya/Sibia is derivative meaning the descendants of Sibi. This clan name is only found in the Jats and in no other population group of India. These Sibia Jats are still existing. Shri Gurbax Singh Sibia, ex-minister in Punjab Cabinet was a scion of this ancient clan. The second proof is in the name of their city - Jattararur (Chittor) - which is based on the word Jatta-city of Jats. Incidentally, this is another proof of the fact that Mewar was under the Jats for very long time. Hence the names of its cities like Jaisalmer, Sikar, Sirohi, etc. The last two are names of the Jat clan also. [24]

The Buddhist Sibi Jataka (No. 499) contains their history and legends, and Vesantara Jataka, is named after a son of Sibia King of Jattaraur (Chittor). Their capital in Punjab was Sibipura (Modern Shorkot) [25] Rig Veda mentions the Sibi people and Baudhayana Srauta Sutra mentions, their king, Usinara , whom Indra saved from foreign aggression. They are the Sibai of Arrian and Siboi, of Deodorus. [26] [27]

Dr Pema Ram writes that after the invasion of Alexander in 326 BC, the Jats of Sindh and Punjab migrated to Rajasthan. They built tanks, wells and Bawadis near their habitations. The tribes migrated were: Shivis, Yaudheyas, Malavas, Madras etc. The Shivi tribe which came from Ravi and Beas rivers founded towns like Sheo, Sojat, Siwana, Shergarh, Shivganj etc. This area was adjoining to Sindh and mainly inhabited by Jats. The descendants of Shivi in Rajasthan are: Seu, Shivran, Shivral, Sihot, Sinwar, Chhaba etc. [28]

Migration of Jats from Sapta Sindhu

Hukum Singh Panwar (Pauria)[29] writes... Just see the remarkable parallels between the functioning of the Germans and the Indian Jat tribal "Khaap" and "Sarvakhaap" panchayats. This further reminds us of the Vedic republican communities (the Panchajatah or Panchajna), who are, as we shall have occasion to show in the next chapter, considered by us as the common ancestors of the Indian Jats and the German Goths or Gots.

Before concluding, we may go into the question of identity of the Teutons and the Swedes. The Teutons were Aryans including High and low Germans and Scandanavians, and to be more specific Goths (Gots, Getae, Jats, Juts), Lombards (Lampaka or Lamba), Normans, Franks (Vrkas, Saxons (Sacae Getae) and Angles[30] The Suevis (Sivis) including the Vilka (Virkas), the Manns (Mans) the Schillers (Chhilller) (Within brackets I gave the Indian names of the tribes.) etc. who, as we shall note (infra), migrated from the Sapta Sindhu to the Scandanavian countries in ancient times, were known as

The Jats:Their Origin, Antiquity and Migrations: End of p.159

Svi Thjoth or Sui or (Suiones) Joth[31], (Sivi or Sibi Jat), in archaic Norse, and ultimately as the Swedes. Mr. B.S.Dahiya[32] has assiduously pin-pointed nearly 250 European communities whose names are identified by him with the surnames (gotras) of the Indian Jats. The Sivis were probably earliest migrants as leaders of these tribes. It is these tribes whose anthropological details are given above. In the light of the aforesaid evidence we can reasonably assert that the physical characteristics of the Sivisa (Suevis) and their descendents (the victims of Dasarajna wars, who managed, by hook or by crook, to remain in the Harappan region, cannot be different from those of ones who perforce left the country for good or were deported to their new home in the Scandanavian countries[33].

Distribution in Punjab

Estate, Ramnagar Sibian, Ramgarh Sibian

Dynasty:- Sibia Jats.

Credit:- Sardar Anurag Singh Sibia

Source -

Villages in .... district

Distribution in Uttar Pradesh

Notable Persons

External Links

Gallery

  • Sardar Daya Singh Sibia of Ramgarh (1827): Antique painting of Sardar Daya Singh Sibia of Ramgarh (1827). He was Nazim (Revenue Minister) of the erstwhile Jind State during the reign of Maharaja Raghubir Singh (1864- 1887) of the Sidhu Jat dynasty. The first land settlement summary of Sangrur was made by him. Treatment courtsey- Archeological Survey of India, New Delhi. Estate:- Ramnagar Sibian, Ramgarh Sibian, Dynasty:- Sibia Jats. Credit:-Sardar Anurag Singh Sibia (Great Grand son of S. Daya Singh Sibia). Source - Jat Kshatriya Culture

    Sardar Daya Singh Sibia of Ramgarh (1827): Antique painting of Sardar Daya Singh Sibia of Ramgarh (1827). He was Nazim (Revenue Minister) of the erstwhile Jind State during the reign of Maharaja Raghubir Singh (1864- 1887) of the Sidhu Jat dynasty. The first land settlement summary of Sangrur was made by him. Treatment courtsey- Archeological Survey of India, New Delhi. Estate:- Ramnagar Sibian, Ramgarh Sibian, Dynasty:- Sibia Jats. Credit:-Sardar Anurag Singh Sibia (Great Grand son of S. Daya Singh Sibia). Source - Jat Kshatriya Culture

  • Sardar Bahadur Gobinder Singh Sibia (left side), Sardar Bahadur Basant Singh Sibia (2nd left), and Sardar Bahadur Sher Singh Sibia (extreme right) with some Jat sikh nobles.

    Sardar Bahadur Gobinder Singh Sibia (left side), Sardar Bahadur Basant Singh Sibia (2nd left), and Sardar Bahadur Sher Singh Sibia (extreme right) with some Jat sikh nobles.

References

  1. ↑ O.S.Tugania:Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu,p.60,s.n. 2315
  2. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. स-179
  3. ↑ O.S.Tugania:Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu,p.62,s.n. 2463
  4. ↑ Prof. B.S. Dhillon: History and study of the Jats/Chapter 10,p.121
  5. ↑ B S Dahiya:Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study), p.243, s.n.219
  6. ↑ Prof. B.S. Dhillon: History and study of the Jats/Chapter 10,p.128
  7. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. श-3
  8. ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter VIII,s.n. 350,p-586
  9. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter IV, p.341
  10. ↑ Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/The Jats,pp.77-79
  11. ↑ Rig Veda, VII, 18,7. आ पक्थासो भलानसो भनन्तालिनासो विषाणिनः शिवासः । आ योऽनयत्सधमा आर्यस्य गव्या तृत्सुभ्यो अजगन्युधा नॄन् (VII.18.7)
  12. ↑ Shrauta Sutra, III, 53/22.
  13. ↑ Aitereya Brahmana, VIII, 23/10.
  14. ↑ EI., 1921, p. 16.
  15. ↑ Indica, V, 12.
  16. ↑ ibid.
  17. ↑ Tribes in Ancient India.
  18. ↑ N.L. Dey, Geographical Dictionary, p. 11.
  19. ↑ AIS, Vol. 1, P, 202.
  20. ↑ MBT, III, 130-131. 17 जलां चॊपजलां चैव यमुनाम अभितॊ नथीम । उशीनरॊ वै यत्रेष्ट्वा वासवाथ अत्यरिच्यत ।। (III.130.17); राज्यं शिबीनाम ऋथ्धं वै शाधि पक्षिगणार्चित (III.131.20);
  21. ↑ Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, pp. 41,264.
  22. ↑ H.C. Ray Chaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, p. 205, f.n. 5.
  23. ↑ H.C. Ray Chaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, p. 205, f.n. 5.
  24. ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya: Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study), p.79
  25. ↑ Epigraphica Indica, 1921, p. 16; also Panini, IV/ 2/109
  26. ↑ Indica, 5, 12
  27. ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya, Jats the Ancient Rulers ( A clan study), p. 289
  28. ↑ Dr Pema Ram:Rajasthan Ke Jaton Ka Itihas, ,p.14
  29. ↑ The Jats:Their Origin, Antiquity and Migrations/An Historico-Somatometrical study bearing on the origin of the Jats, p.159-160
  30. ↑ Ripley op.cit., p. 106.
  31. ↑ Cr. Ch no. IX in the book.
  32. ↑ Cr. Ch no. IX in the book.
  33. ↑ Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Appendices/Appendix II, p.319-332

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