Surasa River

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)

Surasa River (सुरसा नदी) is mentioned in Shrimadbhagavata 5,19,18 and Vishnu Purana 2,3,11. Surasā (सुरसा) was a daughter of Daksha and mother of all Nagas who lived in Bhogavati city as mentioned in Mahabharata (V.101.4).

Origin

Variants

History

Source: Wisdom Library: The Matsya-purāṇa

Surasā (सुरसा) is the name of a mind-born ‘divine mother’ (mātṛ), created for the purpose of drinking the blood of the Andhaka demons, according to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.8. The Andhaka demons spawned out of every drop of blood spilled from the original Andhakāsura (Andhaka-demon). According to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.35, “Most terrible they (eg., Surasā) all drank the blood of those Andhakas and become exceedingly satiated.”

Source: Wisdom Library: Varāha-purāṇa

1) Surasā (सुरसा) is the name of a river mentioned in a list of rivers, flowing from the five great mountains (Śailavarṇa, Mālākhya, Korajaska, Triparṇa and Nīla), according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 82. Those who drink the waters of these rivers live for ten thousand years and become devotees of Rudra and Umā.

2) Surasā (सुरसा).—Name of a river originating from Ṛkṣa, a holy mountain (kulaparvata) in Bhārata, according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 85. There are settlements (janapada) where Āryas and Mlecchas dwell who drink water from these rivers.

One of the five mountains situated near Bhadrāśva, according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 82. The Varāhapurāṇa is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, a type of Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, instructions for religious ceremonies and a whole range of topics concerning the various arts and sciences. The original text is said to have been composed of 24,000 metrical verses, possibly originating from before the 10th century.

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Surasā (सुरसा).—Mother of nāgas (serpents). Birth. Ten daughters were born to Kaśyapaprajāpati by his wife Krodhavaśā, daughter of Dakṣa including Surasā. From Surasā were born all the nāgas. (Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Araṇyakāṇḍa, Canto 14).

Nāgas and Uragas are two sects of serpents. From Surasā were born Nāgas and from Kadrū, Uragas. (Vālmiki Rāmāyaṇa, Araṇya Kāṇḍa, Canto 14, Verse 28).

Surasā was born from the wrath of Krodhavaśā and the former had three daughters called Analā, Ruhā and Vīrudhā. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 66, Verse 61). Obstructed the passage of Hanūmān. To test whether Hanūmān, who jumped into Laṅkā to seek out Sītā, possessed power enough for the purpose, Devagandharvas backoned Surasā to them and told her as follows: "You mother of nāgas, do please assume a terrible form like a big mountain and appear before Hanūmān and obstruct his passage. As soon as she heard the injunction, she jumped before Hanūmān and attempted to devour him. In spite of Hanūmān’s earnest pleadings she stood before him with her mouth opened wide. Hanūmān then, by his power of illusion, grew ten yojanas in size. Then Surasā opened her mouth twenty yojanas wide. Hanūmān then grew thirty yojanas in size and Surasā opened her mouth forty yojanas wide. In this competition ultimately when Surasā opened her mouth hundred yojanas wide, Hanūmān reduced his size to that of a finger, entered Surasā’s mouth and came out through her ear. Surasā was pleased and blessed Hanūmān. (Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Sundara Kāṇḍa, Canto 1). Other information.

(i) Surasā lives in the court of Brahmā worshipping him. (Sabhā Parva, Chapter 11, Verse 39).

(ii) Rohiṇī, mother of Balabhadrarāma, was an incarnation of Surasā. (Devī Bhāgavata, Skandha 4). (See full article at Story of Surasā from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)

2) Surasā (सुरसा).—A deva woman who danced at the birthday celebration of Arjuna. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 222, Verse 63). Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Surasa (सुरस).—Mt. in India.*

1b) A son of Śuki and Garuḍa.*

1c) A son of Raucya Manu.*

1d) A mountain west of the Śitoda.*

2a) Surasā (सुरसा).—(River) in Bhārata varṣa, from the Ṛkṣa hill; (from the Vindhyas, Viṣṇu-purāṇa).*

2b) A daughter of Dakṣa and one of the 13 wives of Kaśyapa; mother of Yātudhānas and 1000 snakes, of which 26 are chiefs; all these had sons and grandsons most of which were killed in the sacrifice of Janamejaya;1 in the chariot of Tripurāri.2

2c) An Apsaras.*

2d) A daughter of Krodhavaśa (Krodhā, vāyu-purāṇa.) and wife of Pulaha; mother of sarpas.*

2e) A daughter of Sāraṇa.*

2f) A daughter of Anāyuṣā, gave birth to vyādhis.*

2g) A mind-born mother.*

2h) A R. of the Bhadra.*

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Surasa (सुरस) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.52.8, I.57, I.61.56) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Surasa) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

Surasā also refers to the name of a Lady mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. ). Source: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

Surasā (सुरसा) refers to one of thirteen of Dakṣa’s sixty daughters given to Kaśyapa in marriage, according to one account of Vaṃśa (‘genealogical description’) of the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, Dakṣa gets married to Asikni, the daughter of Prajāpati Viraṇa and begot sixty daughters. [He gave thirteen daughters to Kaśyapa]. Kaśyapa’s thirteen wives are Aditi, Diti, Danu, Ariṣṭā, Surasā, Svadhā, Surabhi, Vinatā, Tamrā, Krodhavasā, Irā and Muni. Surasā gave birth to the birds (khecara).

In Mahabharata

Surasa (सुरस) (Naga) in Mahabharata (I.52.8), (I.61.56), (V.101.4,16)

Surasa (सुरसा) (Lady) (I.60.59,66),

Adi Parva, Mahabharata/Book I Chapter 52 mentions the names of Nagas who fell into the fire of the snake-sacrifice. Surasa (सुरस) (Naga) is mentioned in Mahabharata (I.52.8).[1]..... Those born in the race of Takshaka include Uchchhika, Surasa, Drangas, Balaheda, Virohana; Shili, Shala, Kara, Muka, Sukumara, Pravepana,....

Adi Parva, Mahabharata/Book I Chapter 61 gives genealogy of the Danavas, Asuras, Kauravas, Pandavas, Gandharvas, Apsaras, Rakshasas. Surasa (सुरस) (Naga) is mentioned in Mahabharata (I.61.56).[2].....From the tribe of Asuras called Krodhavasa were born many heroic kings on earth which include Kratha, Vichitya, Surasa, and the handsome king Nila; and Dhama, and Bhumipala;....

Udyoga Parva/Mahabharata Book V Chapter 101 describes Bhogavati city and innumerable Nagas dwelling there. Surasa (सुरस) (Naga) is mentioned in Mahabharata (V.101.4)[3] and (V.101.16)[4].....There dwell in happiness innumerable Nagas-- sons of Surasā -- possessed of diverse forms, and decked on ornaments of diverse kinds, bearing the signs of gems, Swastika, circles and drinking vessels (V.101.4).....Names of famous Nagas include Virajas, Dharana, Subahu, Mukhara, Jaya, Badhira, Andha, Vikunda, Virasa, and Surasa. (V.101.16)

Adi Parva, Mahabharata/Book I Chapter 60 gives genealogy of all the principal creatures. Surasa (सुरसा) (L) (I.60.59)[5]and (I.60.66)[6].....And Krodha gave birth to nine daughters, all of wrathful disposition. And their names were Mrigi, Mrigamanda, Hari, Bhadramana, Matangi, Sarduli, Sweta, Surabhi, and the agreeable Surasa blessed with every virtue. (I.60.59)....And Surasa bore a son called Kanka. And Syeni, the wife of Aruna, gave birth to two sons of great energy and strength, named Sampati and the mighty Jatayu. Surasa also bore the Nagas, and Kadru, the Punnagas. And Vinata had two sons Garuda and Aruna, known far and wide.

In Ramayana

Ramayana ....Aranya Kanda/Aranya Kanda Sarga 14 mentions Rama's Contact with Jatayu. Rama on way to Panchavati came into contact with Jatayu. When Rama questions about its identity, Jatayu narrates the Genealogy , and informs Rama that he is a friend of King Dasharatha and would like to help Rama in exile.

Surasa gave birth to Nagas, viz., many headed serpents, while Kadru gave birth to ordinary serpents. (3-14-28).[7]

Kadru was the sister of Surasa. (3-14-31).[8]

Kadru gave birth to a thousand-headed serpent (Nagas) who is the bearer of this earth, and Vinata gave birth to two sons namely Garuda and Aruna. (3-14-32).[9]

Oh enemy-destroyer Rama, I took birth from that Aruna, the charioteer of Sun, and my elder brother Sampati too, hence know me as Jatayu, the son of Shyeni. (3-14-33).[10]

सुरसा नदी

सुरसा नदी (AS, p.977): श्रीमद् भागवत 5,19,18 में नदियों की सूची में उल्लेखित है जहां इसका नामोल्लेख रेवा (नर्मदा का पूर्वी पहाड़ी भाग) और नर्मदा (नर्मदा का पश्चिमी मैदानी भाग) के बीच में है. विष्णु पुराण 2,3,11 के अनुसार यह नदी नर्मदा नदी के समान विंध्याचल से निकलती है, 'नर्मदा सुरसाद्याश्च नद्यो विन्ध्याद्रिनिर्गताः'. यह नर्मदा के निकट प्रवाहित होने वाली कोई नदी है. सुरसा का अर्थ सुंदर या जलवाही नदी है.[11]

External links

See also

References

  1. ↑ उच्छिखः सुरसॊ द्रङ्गॊ बलहेडॊ विरॊहणः, शिली शल करॊ मूकः सुकुमारः प्रवेपनः (I.52.8)
  2. ↑ 56 करॊधॊ विचित्यः सुरसः श्रीमान नीलश च भूमिपः, वीर धामा च कौरव्य, भूमिपालश च नामतः (I.61.56)
  3. ↑ इह नानाविधाकारा नानाविध विभूषणाः, सुरसायाः सुता नागा निवसन्ति गतव्यथाः
  4. ↑ विरजा धारणश चैव सुबाहुर मुखरॊ जयः, बधिरान्धौ विकुण्डश च विरसः सुरसस तथा
  5. ↑ मातङ्गीम अथ शार्दूलीं शवेतां सुरभिम एव च, सर्वलक्षणसंपन्नां सुरसां च यशस्विनीम (I.60.59)
  6. ↑ सुरसाजनयन नागान राजन कद्रूश च पन्नगान, सप्त पिण्ड फलान वृक्षान अनलापि वयजायत, अनलायाः शुकी पुत्री कद्र्वास तु सुरसा सुता
  7. ↑ रोहिणि अजनयद् गावो गन्धर्वी वाजिनः सुतान् । सुरसा अजनयन् नागान् राम कद्रूः च पन्नगान् (3-14-28)
  8. ↑ सर्वान् पुण्य फलान् वृक्षान् अनला अपि व्यजायत । विनता च शुकी पौत्री कद्रूः च सुरसा स्वसा (3-14-31)
  9. ↑ कद्रूर् नाग सहस्रम् तु विजज्ञे धरणीधरन् । द्वौ पुत्रौ विनतायाः तु गरुडो अरुण एव च (3-14-32)
  10. ↑ तस्मात् जातो अहम् अरुणात् संपातिः च मम अग्रजः । जटायुर् इति माम् विद्धि श्येनी पुत्रम् अरिंदम (3-14-33)
  11. ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.977
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