Pandhurna

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)
Map of Chhindwara District‎
Mordongri - Jatlapur - Pandhurna - Chhindwara
Salbardi-Morshi-Belora-Warud in Amravati district, MS and Pandhurna, MP
Teegaon-Borgaon-Wadegaon-Ajangaon-Pandhurna

Pandhurna (पांढुर्ना) is a town and district in Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh. Pandhurna is the 55th district of Madhya Pradesh state, which came into existence in the year 2023 after separating from Chhindwara district. The famous Gotmar Fair is organized every year on the banks of Jam River.

Variants

Location

Pandhurna is located at 21.6°N 78.52°E. It has an average elevation of 474 metres (1,555 feet). It is located on National Highway-47 (NH-47). The city is situated on the banks of the Jam River.

Author's Visit

Author (Laxman Burdak) visited Pandhurna on 15.10.1988, 16.10.1988, 07.10.1989, 16.10.1989, 22.10.1989, 06.11.1989, 15.11.1989, 12.12.1989, 13.12.1989, 13.12.1989, 03.05.1990, 12.05.1990 - 14.05.1990, 18.06.1990.

Pandhurna District

Pandhurna is the 55th district of Madhya Pradesh state and 9th district of Jabalpur division, which came into existence in the year 2023 after separating from Chhindwara district.It is the least populous district of the state.[1] Its administrative headquarter is in Pandhurna city.

Major towns of district: Badchicholi, Borgaon, Lodhikheda, Mohgaon, Pandharakhedi, Pandhurna, Pipla Narayanwar, Ramkona, Sausar, Seoni, Teegaon,


Villages in tahsil

Town: 1 Pandhurna

Villages:

1 Ajangaon, 2 Ajangaon, 3 Ambada Alias Maini Dhana Ryt., 4 Ambada Khurd, 5 Ambada Mal., 6 Ambakhapa, 7 Balapur (F.V.), 8 Bamla, 9 Bandhan, 10 Bangaon, 11 Barighat, 12 Belgaon Dawami, 13 Bhaisa Dongri Ryt., 14 Bhajipani, 15 Bhandargondi, 16 Bhatewadi, 17 Bhimkhedi, 18 Bhuli, 19 Bhuyari, 20 Bichhawasani, 21 Bichhuwa Kalan, 22 Biroli, 23 Birolipar, 24 Boghiya, 25 Borgaon, 26 Borkhedi, 27 Borpani (F.V.), 28 Buchankhapa, 29 Changoba, 30 Chatwa, 31 Chhabdi, 32 Chhindboh, 33 Chichghat, 34 Chichkheda, 35 Chicholi, 36 Chikhali Mukasa, 37 Chikni, 38 Chiman Khapa, 39 Dadhimeta, 40 Deo Khapa, 41 Deonala Mal., 42 Deonala Ryt., 43 Dhanora, 44 Dhawadi Khapa, 45 Dholan Khapa Ryt., 46 Dholankhapa, 47 Dighori, 48 Duddewani, 49 Dudha, 50 Gadmau, 51 Gaykhuri, 52 Ghogara Ryt., 53 Ghogari, 54 Ghogri, 55 Ghudankhapa, 56 Godarikhapa, 57 Gorlikhapa, 58 Govindpur, 59 Gujarkhedi, 60 Hardoli, 61 Heti, 62 Hiwara Prithwiram, 63 Hiwarasenadwar, 64 Itawa, 65 Jamghat, 66 Jamlapani, 67 Jatlapur, 68 Junapani Mal., 69 Junewani, 70 Kalamgaon, 71 Kalapatha, 72 Kamthi Kalan, 73 Kamthi Khurd, 74 Karaghat Kamthi, 75 Karvhar, 76 Kaudiya, 77 Khadki, 78 Khairipaika, 79 Khapa Razadi, 80 Khapar Kheda, 81 Khedi Dhajjewar, 82 Khedi Pandewar, 83 Khedidhan Bhoyarwar, 84 Khedikala, 85 Kodhar Roadikheda, 86 Kolikhapa, 87 Kondhar Mal., 88 Kukadikhapa, 89 Kundali, 90 Langha, 91 Lavhana, 92 Lendaghondi, 93 Lendhori, 94 Linga Eletir, 95 Lonadei Mal, 96 Lonadei Ryt., 97 Magajgaon, 98 Malapur, 99 Malegaon, 100 Mandvi, 101 Mangurli, 102 Markawada, 103 Markawada, 104 Marood, 105 Met, 106 Mohgaon, 107 Mohi, 108 Mohkhedi, 109 Mordongri, 110 More Ghat, 111 Morghondi, 112 Mundi Dhana Ryt., 113 Najarpur Ryt., 114 Nandanwadi Mal., 115 Nandanwadi Ryt., 116 Nandpur, 117 Narayan Ghat, 118 Narsala, 119 Nilkanth, 120 Pailepar, 121 Palaspani, 122 Pandoni, 123 Pandurna Kasba, 124 Pardi, 125 Parsodi, 126 Pathai, 127 Pathara, 128 Paunar Mal., 129 Piparpani, 130 Pither Mal., 131 Pither Ryt., 132 Raibasa, 133 Rajana, 134 Rajdongri, 135 Rajora Kalan, 136 Rajora Khurd, 137 Ringankhapa, 138 Salai, 139 Sawajpani, 140 Sawajpani Mal., 141 Sawajpani Ryt., 142 Sendurjana, 143 Seoni, 144 Sillewani, 145 Sirata, 146 Sonpathar, 147 Teegaon, 148 Temni, 149 Temni, 150 Umara Makta, 151 Umari Khurd, 152 Umarikalan, 153 Uttamdera Mal., 154 Uttamdera Ryt., 155 Vada, 156 Wadda Mal., 157 Wadegaon, 158 Wakora, 159 Warjali,

Source - https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/3658-pandhurna-chhindwara-madhya-pradesh.html

Pandhurna Plates of 29th year of Pravarasena II

No. 14: Plate XIV
Pandhurna Plates of 29th year of Pravarasena II

Source - Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (Inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.63-68

[p.63]: These plates are said to have been found in 1942 when the old house of one Kadu Patil was being demolished at Tigaon, a village six miles north by West from Pandhurna on the Itarsi-Nagpur line of the Central Railway, in the Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh. Later, they reached the hands of Mr. M. G. Karnik, I.A.S., while he was Deputy Commissioner at Chhindwara. They were brought to my notice in October 1957 by Mr. V. P. Rode, who had seen and deciphered them partially at Mr. Karnik's residence. At my request Mr. Karnik very kindly allowed Mr. Krishna Dev, Superintendent, Archaeological Department, to take their estampages, from which I first deciphered the record. Later, Dr. B. Ch. Chhabra, Government Epigraphist, kindly supplied me with a set of ink impressions which are reproduced here. I have received some help in the decipherment and interpretation of this grant from Mr. N. L. Rao. I am grateful to all these friends who have helped me in one way or another. I edit the record here from the impressions received from Mr. Krishna Deva and Dr. B. Ch. Chhabra.

The copper-plates are five in number, each measuring 7.5" by 3.7". The first and the last plate are inscribed on one side only and the remaining three on both the sides. The plates have a hole, 0.5" in diameter, for the ring which strung them together, but neither the ring nor the seal which it must have carried has been found. All the plates are in a good state of preservation. Their weight is 195 folds.

The record consists of 55 lines, which are unevenly distributed on the eight sides of the five plates, some having six and others seven or eight lines inscribed on them. The first two and the last two plates are neatly engraved. The letters on the third plate are, however, carelessly incised. In some places they are imperfectly formed or run into one another. The language of this portion of the record is very faulty and contains some Prakrit words and affixes. This clearly indicates that this plate is spurious. It seems to have been substituted for the original third plate of the grant.

The characters are of the box-headed variety. The following peculiarities may be noted: The medial i (long) is shown either by a dot in a curve as in -kālīya, line 42, or by two curves, one inside the other, as in sri-Pravarasenasya in line 4; the medial au is bipartite as in dauhitrasya, line 8; t and n are sometimes confused as in āchchhentā, lines 51-52; the letter l has generally a short vertical on the right, but sometimes it sharply curves to the left; see Lekhapallikā- in line 26; the sign of jihvāmuliya occurs in line 43 and the numerical symbols for 20, 9, 7 and 5 in lines 27, 28, 30, 31 and 53.

The language is Sanskrit, and except for two benedictive and imprecatory verses at the end, the whole record is in prose. The portion on the third plate, which, as shown above, is probably spurious, is very carelessly drafted and contains some Prakrit words such as vatthavva or vatthavva (for vāstavya) in lines 28 and 31, and pāṇuvisā or pānuvisā (for panchavimśati) in lines 26 and 29. Some of the expressions used in this portion are, again, very obscure ; see, e.g. padannarāti in line 28 and nijuttinarāti in line 31. In other parts the present record does not present any difficulties of interpretation. As regards orthography, we may note that a nasal is used for anusvāra as in ansa-, line 5 and trinse, line 53; li is used for the vowel ḷi in sa-klipt-opaklipta in line 41 and the consonant following r is reduplicated as in abhivarddhamana-, line 13.

[p.64]: The record opens with the word drishtam 'seen'. The charter was granted by the Vakataka king Pravarasena II. His genealogy is given here as in his other grants, his maternal grandfather being called Rajadhiraja Devagupta. The plates were issued from the temple of Pravareshvara, but the place where this temple was situated has not been mentioned. Pravaresvara was evidently the name of the Shivalinga installed by the Vakataka king Pravarasena I and named after himself. The territorial division in which the temple was situated is called Pravareśvara-shaḍviṁśati-vaṭaka in the Belora plates (two sets), issued in the early part of Pravarasena II's reign. Its exact location cannot be determined, but it was probably situated in the Wardha District.

The present grant is dated, in line 53, on the tenth tithi of the dark fortnight of Vaisakha in the twenty-ninth regnal year of Pravarasena II. It is the last known grant of this king. It was written by Acharya1 while Madhappa (माधप्प) was the Senapati.

The object of the present inscription was to record the gift of two thousand nivartanas of land in the village Dhuvavataka (धुव वाटक) included in the territorial division of Varuchcharajya (वारुच्चराज्य) , to several Brahmanas of different Charanas (shakhas) and gotras. Only four of them viz. Yajnarya, Bhojarya, Somarya and Dharmarya are mentioned by name. All of them belonged to the Vājasaneya or White Yajurveda, and the first three of them are explicitly stated to be of Kaundinya gotra. The villages Brahmanavataka (ब्राह्मण वाटक), Ajakarna (अजकर्ण), Badarigrama (बदरीग्राम) and Darbhapatha (दर्भपथ) are mentioned while stating the boundaries of Dhuvavataka. This donated land was given in exchange for another village named Vijayapallivataka2 (विजयपल्ली वाटक) which had been previously gifted by Prithiviraja i.e. by Prithivishena I. In the spurious third plate which was inserted in the charter later, two other gifts of twenty-five nivartanas each, together with an additional nivartana for building a residential house, are recorded on the occasion of tilavachanaka (i.e. a shraddha) in favour of the Brahmana Somarya, who was one of the donees of the original grant and resided at Kallara (काल्लार). The first piece of land was situated in the village of Lekhapallika (लेखपल्लिका) and the second in that of Sangamika (संगमिका), both being included in the territorial division called Arammirajya (आरम्मिराज्य).

Both these gifts purport to have been made in the same regnal year as the original grant, viz. the twenty-ninth, but the first was given on the seventh day of the fifth fortnight, and the second on the ninth day of the seventh fortnight of the rainy season. It will be noticed that this method of recording a gift in a season, a fortnight and a day is different from that used in line 53 while registering the original gift viz. by citing a month, a bright or dark fortnight and a tithi. Such season dates occur only in two other Vakataka inscriptions viz. the Basim plates3 of Vindhyasakti II and the Dudia plates4 of Pravarasena II. This difference in dating the two gifts adds to the suspicion about the genuineness of the third plate in which they are recorded. It seems plain that the Brahmana Somarya, in whose favour they are said to have been made, got the third plate prepared and engraved, and surreptitiously inserted it in the original charter.

As for the localities mentioned in this grant,

Vijayapallivataka (विजयपल्ली वाटक) may be Bijagora (बिजगोरा) on the left bank of the Kanhan River, about four miles to the north of the Multai-Chhindwara road.

Varuchcha (वारुच्च), the headquarters of the Varuchcharajya (वारुच्चराज्य) , may be Varegaon (वारेगाँव), about four miles west of Pandhurna.

The village Dhuvavataka (धुव वाटक), in which the donated land was situated, cannot now be traced, but two of its boundary villages still exist in the neighbourhood

1 Acharya was the scribe of the Siwani plates (No. 7) also.

2 For another such exchange, see No. 15, lines 6-7.

3 No. 23, line 28 and 29.

4 No. 10, line 28.

[p.65]: of Tigaon. Thus

Badarigrama (बदरीग्राम) may be modern Borgaon (बोरगाँव) which lies about two miles to the north, and

Ajakarna (अजकर्ण) may be the same as Ajangaon (अजनगांव), about four miles south by east of Tigaon.

The two villages Lekhapallika (लेखपल्लिका) and Sangamika (संगमिका) mentioned in the spurious third plate as situated in the territorial division of Arammi-rajya may be identical with Lakhapur near Chikhali on the Multai-Chhindwara road, and

Sangam (संगम) near the confluence of the rivers Kanhan River and Bel River.

Arammi (आरम्मि), the headquarters of the territorial division in which they were situated, may be identical with Amla, a station on the Itarsi-Nagpur line of the Central Railway. Arammirajya (आरम्मिराज्य) is also mentioned in the Dudia plates1 which, again, were found in the Chhindwara District.

Kallara (काल्लार) where the Brahmana Somarya was residing may be Kherli (खेड़ली, about 13 miles north of Multai.

The other places cannot be identified.

Translation

[p.67]: Seen. From the place of the temple of Pravaresvara —

By the order of the illustrious Pravarasena (II), the Maharaja of the Vakatakas, who, by the grace of Shambhu, has established the Krita-yuga (Golden Age) (on the earth), who was born of Prabhavatigupta, the daughter of the Rajadhiraja, the illustrious Devagupta, (and) who is the son of the illustrious Rudrasena (II), the Maharaja of the Vakatakas —

[p.68]:

(For translation of lines 1 to 19, see above, pp. 13-14.)

(Line 19). In exchange for Vijayapallivataka (विजयपल्ली वाटक) granted by Prithiviraja1, land, measuring two thousand nivartanas by the royal measure in (the village) Dhuvavataka (धुववाटक), situated in (the territorial division called) Varuchcha-rajya (वारुच्चराज्य) which lies in the low ground by the western boundary of the village Brahmanavataka (ब्राह्मणवाटक), to the north of the way to the village Ajakarna (अजकर्ण), to the east of the village Badarigrama (बदरीग्राम) and to the west of (the village) Darbhapatha (दर्भपथ), has been donated (by Us) to Brahmanas of various gotras and charanas.

(Line 23). The recipients (of the gift) are as follows ; — (This land) has been donated to Brahmanas, the foremost of whom are Yajnarya and Bhojarya of the Vajasaneya (shakha) and the Kaundinya gotra, Somarya of the Vajasaneya (shakha) and Kaundinya gotra, and Dharmarya of the Vajasaneya (shakha).

(Line 26). Further, here at the place of religious worship (for Our well-being) in this and the other world at the recitation (of sacred texts) accompanied by a libation of sesamum seeds2, on the 7thday in the 5th (fortnight) of the 29th (regnal) year3, land measuring twentyfive nivartanas by the royal measure together with a nivartana for residence, situated in the village Lekhapallika (लेखपल्लिका) included in (the territorial division) Arammi-rajya (आरम्मिराज्य), has been donated to Somarya of the Vajasaneya (shakha) and the Kaundinya gotra, residing at Kallara (काल्लार).

(Line 29). Again, here at the place of religious worship (for Our well-being) in this and the other world, at the recitation (of sacred texts), accompanied by (a libation of) sesamum seeds, on the 9th day in the 7th (fortnight of) the rainy season in the (regnal) year 294, land measuring twenty-five nivartanas together with a nivartana for residence, situated in (the village) Sangamika (संगमिका) in (the territorial division) Arammi-rajya (आरम्मिराज्य), has been donated to Somarya of the Vajasaneya (Sakha) and the Kaundinya gotra, residing at Kallara (काल्लार).

(Line 32). Wherefore, Our officers of noble birth, who are employed by the order of the Sarvādhyaksha (General Superintendent) and who exercise their authority by (Our) command, (Our) soldiers and policemen should be directed by the following command which is well-known (to them ) : —

“Be it known to you that in order to increase (Our) religious merit, power and victory and to secure (Our) well-being in this world and the next, (the aforementioned land) has been donated as a gift not previously made, with the pouring out of water at our victorious place of religious worship.

(For translation of lines 36 to 48, see above, pp.14-15 and p.32.)

(Line 48). And the following verses sung by Vyasa should be regarded as authoritative on this point: —

(Here occur two benedictive and imprecatory verses.)

(Line 52). (This charter) has been written by Acharya, a servant of Madhappa (माधप्प), on the tenth (tithi) of the dark fortnight of the month Vaisakha in the twenty-ninth-(in figures) 20 (and) 9-year, Madhappa (माधप्प) being the Senapati.

1 I.e., by Prithivishena I.

2 I.e., at a srāddha.

3 Line 20 contains the word 'padannarāti followed by 20, the meaning of which is not clear to me.

4 Line 31 contains another date and the word nijuttanarāti followed by 20, the significance of which is not clear to me.

Wiki Editor Notes

History

Economy

Pandhurna is a typical Indian village with farming as the major occupation. Many farmers grow oranges and cotton as the Kharif crop since the black soil is suitable for its production. Other crops are soybean, groundnut, cauliflower, gram and wheat. There are many edible oil mills here. The village also has a few oil and cotton mills and food processing plants, as well as many cotton ginning and pressing factories. Pandhurna is basically surrounded by Vidarbha, so the local language is Hindi and Marathi. And Pawari (Language Spoken By Pawar community) Pandhurna is known for orange farms; oranges are sold in the markets of Nagpur.

Pandhurna is also famous for its orange fields and a multinational company called drytech situated at Nagpur road.

Gotmar Mela

Gotmar Mela, Pandhurna

Gotmar literally means stone throwing ('got' = stone and 'mar' = beat). "Gotmar Mela" was celebrated every year on the second day of Bhadrapad, which is New Moon day, on the banks of the Jam River. A long tree was erected in the middle of the river with a flag at its very top. The residents of the villages of Savargaon and Pandhurna gathered on either bank of the river, and started pelting stones at the persons of the opposite village who tried to cross into the middle of the river and remove the flag on top of the tree trunk. The village whose resident succeeds in removing the flag would be considered victorious. The whole activity happened amidst the chanting of the sacred name of "Chandi Mata Ki Jay." People were often left either dead or injured, so the festival was banned in 2009 and 2011, after failed attempts in 2001 and 2002 to get the villagers to use rubber balls instead of stones.[8]

Notable persons

Gallery

Population

External links

References

  1. ↑ "बड़ी खबर : मध्य प्रदेश का 54वां जिला बना पांढुर्णा, नोटिफिकेशन जारी | Pandhurna became 54th district of Madhya Pradesh notification issued". Patrika News. August 26, 2023.
  2. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (Inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.63-68
  3. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (Inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.63-68
  4. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (Inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.63-68
  5. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (Inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.63-68
  6. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (Inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.63-68
  7. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (Inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.63-68
  8. ↑ https://chhindwara.nic.in/en/festival/gotmar-mela/
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