Bhurisrava

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)

Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रवा) was a prince of a Bahlika kingdom[1] in the kingdom of Bahlika and played a role in the Mahabharata epic. Bhurishrava was the son of Somadatta and the grandson of King Balhika, who was the elder brother of Shantanu.

Variants

Jat clans

Bhoori: Bhoori gotra started from their ancestral Mahabharata kings Bhuri and Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रवा). [2] Somadatta of the Kuru race with his three sons, all mighty chariot-fighters and heroes, viz., Bhuri, Bhurishrava, and Shala.[3]

Genealogy of Vahlika

Ancestry of Vahlika as per Bhagavata Purana

Genealogy of Vahlika as per Bhagavata Purana[4] Riksha → Samvarana (m. Tapati) → Kuru → Jahnu → Suratha → Viduratha → Saryabhauma → Jaya Sena → Radhika → Ayutayu → Akrodhana → Devatithi → Riksha → Dilipa → Pratipa → Vahlika → Somadatta → Bhuri + Bhurisravas + Sala

History

Bhūriśravā (भूरिश्रवा):—One of the three sons of Somadatta (son of Bāhlīka). (see Bhāgavata Purāṇa 9.22.18-19)[5]

Bhūriśravā (भूरिश्रवा). General. He was the son of Somadatta, a king of Kuruvaṃśa (Kuru dynasty). Other details. Bhūriśravas had two brothers named Bhūri and Śala. They were all present at the Svayaṃvara of Draupadī. [6]

He once described to Duryodhana, the heroic qualities of the Pāṇḍavas and advised him to maintain peaceful relations with them. [7]

He took part in Yudhiṣṭhira’s Rājasūya yajña with his father and brothers. [8]

In the war between Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas, he arrived with an "Akṣauhiṇī" (A division of the army) in order to give help to Duryodhana. [9]

Bhīṣma once remarked that Bhūriśravas deserved to be counted among the Rathīs and Yūthapatis. [10]

On the first day of the battle at Kurukṣetra Bhūriśravas fought a duel with Śaṃkha. [11] He fought with Sātyaki [12]

He killed the ten sons of Sātyaki. [13]

Defeated Dhṛṣṭaketu in battle. [14]

He fought a duel with Bhīmasena. [15]

A duel was fought with Śikhaṇḍī. [16]

Bhūriśravas fell down under the stroke of Sātyaki. [17]

Arjuna cut off the left arm of Bhūriśravas. [18]

Enraged by Arjuna’s action, Bhūriśravas squatted on the ground to attain Svarga (Heaven). [19]

Sātyaki killed Bhūriśravas. [20]

After death Bhūriśravas became a Viśvadeva. [21]

Some of the other names of Bhūriśravas given in Mahābhārata are:—Bhūridakṣiṇa, Śalāgraja, Kaurava, Kauraveya, Kauravya, Yūpaketana, Yūpaketu, Śārdūla, Kuruśreṣṭha, Kurūdvaha. (See full article at Story of Bhūriśravā from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani) [22]

Ref: https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bhurishrava

भूरिसर, हरयाणा

भूरिसर (p.676): कुरुक्षेत्र में स्थित ज्योतिसर से 5 मील दूर पश्चिम में पहेवा (प्राचीन पृथुदक) जाने वाले मार्ग पर स्थित है. कहा जाता है कि कौरवों के वीर सेनानी भूरिश्रवा की मृत्यु इसी स्थान पर हुई थी. महाभारत द्रोणपर्व 143,54 में सात्यकि द्वारा भूरिश्रवा का खड्क से सिर काट दिया जाने का वर्णन है--'प्रायोपविष्टाय रणे पार्थेन छिन्नवाहवे, सात्यकि: कौरवेयाय खड्गेनापहरच्छिर:'. [23]

Rivalry of Sini and Somadatta families

Bhurishravas' father, Somadatta, once clashed with another prince called Sini. When Devaki, the mother of Lord Krishna was still unwed, many princes competed for her hand in marriage including Somadatta and Sini who fought a great battle over her. Sini, fighting on behalf of Vasudeva won the battle. This incident launched a hatred between the Sini and Somadatta families leading to a generational rivalry.[24]

Bhor Saidan village

The Bhor Saidan village (भौर सैदां), also spelled as Bhour Saidan or Bhoor Saiydan, named after Bhurishrava is located 22 km from Kurukshetra and 13 km from Thanesar on the Kurukshetra-Pehowa road near Bhureeshwar Temple, is one of the Mahabharta pilgrimage site in Kurukshetra in the Indian state of Haryana.

Role in the war

Bhurishrava is a Kuru prince, the grandson of Balhika. So, Bhurishrava takes part in the Kurukshetra War from the Kaurava side.[25]

By the time of the Battle of Kurukshetra, Sini's grandson Satyaki, now a king of the Siwa kingdom, is a commander in the Pandava army while Bhurishravas is one of the eleven commanders of the Kaurava army.[26]

On the 14th day of the battle Bhurishravas is stationed in Dronacharya's formation, attempting to stop Arjuna's from reaching Jayadratha. As Satyaki and Bhima come to support Arjuna, Bhurishravas abandons his position and challenges Satyaki. Already tired from battling Drona and navigating his formation, Satyaki begins to falter after a long and bloody battle. Their weapons destroyed, the fighting turns to hand-to-hand combat. Bhurishravas pummels Satyaki and drags him across the battlefield. Arjuna is alerted to Satyaki's danger by Krishna. Just as Bhurishravas is preparing to kill Satyaki, Arjuna comes to the rescue, shooting an arrow cutting off Bhurishravas' arm.[27][28]

Bhurishravas wails that by striking him without a formal challenge, and from behind, Arjuna had disgraced the honor between warriors. Arjuna, in turn, rebukes Bhurishravas for attempting to kill an unarmed Satyaki - an act also against the rules of war. Arjuna also criticizes Bhurishravas for partaking in the immoral the killing of Abhimanyu on the 13th day.[29]

At this point, realizing his folly, Bhurishravas hangs his head in shame. He lays down his weapons, and sits in the lotus posture to practice yoga.[30]

But then, Satyaki emerges from his swoon and swiftly decapitated his enemy.[31]

Warriors on both sides of the battle universally condemn Satyaki for this act - one of the incidents in the epic showing the superiority of dharma and honor against the uncontrollable power of hatred.[32]

Symbolically, as Bhurishravas' attempt to kill the unarmed Satyaki immediately resulted in his own death in the same manner, Bhurishravas can be seen as representing the binding effects of one's material actions (karma).

Years later, Bhurishravas's death would be used by Kritavarma to insult Satyaki. In the resulting fight, Satyaki (as well as the remaining Yadavas) perished.[33]

In Mahabharata

Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रव) is mentioned in Mahabharata (I.177.14), (II.31.8), (V.19.16), (VI.18.11), (VI.20.12),(VI.47.17), (VI.52.5), (VIII.4.17)

Adi Parva, Mahabharata/Book I Chapter 177 mentions Kshatriyas who came on Swayamvara of Draupadi. Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रव) is mentioned in Mahabharata (I.177.14).[34]..... Somadatta of the Kuru race with his three sons, all mighty chariot-fighters and heroes, viz., Bhuri, Bhurishrava, and Shala.

Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 31 mentions the Kshatriyas who brought tributes on Rajasuya sacrifice of Yudhisthira. Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रव) is mentioned in Mahabharata (II.31.8). [35].....and Somadatta, and Bhuri of the Kuru race, and Bhurisrava and Sala; and Aswatthama, Kripa, Drona, and Jayadratha, the ruler of Sindhu;....

Udyoga Parva/Mahabharata Book V Chapter 19 mentions Kings and tribes Who joined Duryodhana for war. Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रव) is mentioned in Mahabharata (V.19.16). [36]....And so the valiant Bhurisrava, and Shalya, O son of Kuru, came to Duryodhana, with an Akshauhini of troops each.

Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 18 describes the large armies of the Kurus and the Pandavas ready for war. Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रव) is mentioned in Mahabharata (VI.18.11).[37]....O king, protected Bhishma from behind, viz.. Dussasana, and Durvishaha, and Durmukha, and Dussaha and Vivinshati, and Chitrasena, and that mighty car-warrior Vikarna. And amongst them were Satyavrata, and Purumitra, and Jaya, and Bhurisrava, and Shala. And twenty thousand car-warriors followed them.

Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 20 describes the warriors in Bhisma's division. Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रव) is mentioned in Mahabharata (VI.20.12). [38]....Varddhakshatri, Sarvasenya, Bhurisrava, Purumitra, Jaya, Shalva, Matsya, Kekaya,....

Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 47 describes immeasurable heroes assembled for battle. Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रव) is mentioned in Mahabharata (VI.47.17).[39].... And Bhurisravas, and Shala, and Shalya, and Bhagadatta, and Vinda and Anuvinda of Avanti, protected the left flank.

Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 52 describes the order of army in Mahabharata War. Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रव) is mentioned in Mahabharata (VI.52.5).[40]....And Bhurisrava and Shala, and Shalya and Bhagadatta, and the Madrakas, the Sindhu-Sauviras, and they that were called the Panchanadas, together with Jayadratha, were placed on its neck.

Karna Parva/Mahabharata Book VIII Chapter 4 mentions the warriors who are dead amongst the Kurus and the Pandavas after ten days. Bhurisrava (भूरिश्रव) is mentioned in Mahabharata (VIII.4.17).[41] ....The kinsman of the Kauravas, the son of Somadatta, the brave and celebrated Bhurishrava, O king, hath been slain by Satyaki in battle.

हिन्दी में एक लेख

भूरिश्रवा सोमदत्त का पुत्र था। महाभारत के युद्ध में भूरिश्रवा की सात्यकि के साथ अनेक बार मुठभेड़ हुई थीं। युद्ध के पांचवें दिन भूरिश्रवा ने सात्यकि के दस पुत्रों को मार डाला। युद्ध के चौदहवें दिन जयद्रथ को मारने के लिए गये हुए अर्जुन को ढूँढता हुआ तथा कौरवों की सेना में उथल-पुथल मचाता हुआ सात्यकि, भूरिश्रवा से पुन: जूझने लगा था। सात्यकि का रथ खण्डित हो गया था। वह मल्ल युद्ध में व्यस्त था। सात्यकि प्रात:काल से युद्ध करने के कारण बहुत थक गया था। भूरिश्रवा ने उसे उठाकर धरती पर पटक दिया तथा उसकी चोटी को पकड़कर तलवार निकाल ली।

अर्जुन का वार

जिस समय भूरिश्रवा सात्यकि का वध करने वाला था, तभी अर्जुन ने कृष्ण की प्रेरणा से भूरिश्रवा की बांह पर ऐसा प्रहार किया कि वह कटकर, तलवार सहित अलग जा गिरी। भूरिश्रवा ने कहा कि यह न्यायसंगत नहीं था कि जब वह अर्जुन से नहीं लड़ रहा था, तब अर्जुन ने उसकी बांह काटी। अर्जुन ने प्रत्युत्तर में कहा कि भूरिश्रवा अकेले ही अनेक योद्धाओं से लड़ रहा था, न वह यह देख सकता था कि कौन उससे लड़ने के लिए उद्यत है और कौन नहीं, न अर्जुन ने ही ऐसा विचार किया। अपने मित्र का अहित करने वाले सशस्त्र सैनिक पर वार करना न्यायसंगत है। अपने बायें हाथ से कटा हुआ दायां हाथ उठाकर अर्जुन की ओर भूरिश्रवा ने फेंका, पृथ्वी पर माथा टेक कर प्रणाम किया तथा युद्धक्षेत्र में ही समाधि लेकर आमरण अनशन की घोषणा कर दी। अर्जुन तथा कृष्ण ने उसे निर्मल लोकों में गरुड़ पर आरूढ़ होकर विचरने का आशीर्वाद दिया। वे दोनों ही भूरिश्रवा के वीरत्व तथा धर्मपरायणता के प्रशंसक थे।

कथा

जब सात्यकि भूरिश्रवा के पाश से छूटा तो अर्जुन तथा कृष्ण के मना करने पर भी उसका वध किये बिना न रह पाया। भूरिश्रवा को ऊर्ध्वलोक की प्राप्ति हुई। ध्वज पर 'यूप' (चक्र अथवा गांठ) का चिह्न होने के कारण भूरिश्रवा 'यूपध्वज' भी कहलाता है। सात्यकि परमवीर योद्धा था। वह किसी भी प्रकार अर्जुन तथा कृष्ण से कम वीर नहीं कहा जा सकता। भूरिश्रवा ने उसका अपमान करने की जो क्षमता प्राप्त की थी, उसकी अपूर्व कथा है। अतीत काल में महर्षि अत्रि के पुत्र सोम हुए, सोम के पुत्र बुध, बुध के पुरुरवा; पुरुरवा के आयु, आयु के नहुष, इसी प्रकार से उस कुल की परम्परा पुरुरवा, आयु, नहुष, ययाति, यदु, देवमीढ़, शूर, वसुदेव, शिनि तक चलती चली गई। देवक की पुत्री देवकी को शिनि ने वसुदेव के लिए जीतकर अपने रथ पर बैठा लिया। सोमदत्त ने वसुदेव को युद्ध के लिए ललकारा। शिनि ने सोमदत्त को पृथ्वी पर पटककर उसकी चोटी पकड़ ली, फिर दयापूर्वक उसे छोड़ दिया। सोमदत्त ने लज्जास्पद स्थिति का बदला लेने के लिए शिव की तपस्या की और वर मांगा कि उसे एक वीर पुत्र की प्राप्ति हो, जो कि शिनि के पुत्र को सहस्रों राजाओं के बीच में अपमानित करके पृथ्वी पर गिरा दे तथा पैरों से मारे। शिव ने कहा कि वह पहले ही शिनि के पुत्र को वरदान दे चुके हैं कि उसे त्रिलोक में कोई भी नहीं मार सकेगा। अत: सोमदत्त का पुत्र उसे मूर्च्छित भर कर पायेगा। उस वरदान के फलस्वरूप ही भूरिश्रवा (सोमदत्त का पुत्र) सात्यकि (शिनि पुत्र) को रणक्षेत्र में भूमि पर पटककर उस पर लात से प्रहार कर पाया। भूरिश्रवा के पिता सोमदत्त को उसके वध का ज्ञान हुआ तो वह अत्यन्त ही रुष्ट होकर सात्यकि से युद्ध करने पहुँचा। हाथ कटे व्यक्ति को मारना उसके अनुसार अधर्म था। सात्यकि के सहायक श्रीकृष्ण तथा अर्जुन थे, अत: सोमदत्त बुरी तरह से पराजित हो गया।

References

  1. ↑ Essential Hinduism by Steven J. Rosen and Graham M. Schweig. Greenwood Publishing, 2006, page 96.
  2. ↑ Mahendra Singh Arya et al: Adhunik Jat Itihas, p. 272
  3. ↑ कौरव्यः सॊमदत्तश च पुत्राश चास्य महारथाः, समवेतास तरयः शूरा भूरिर भूरिश्रवाः शलः (I.177.14)
  4. ↑ A study of the Bhagavata Purana; or, Esoteric Hinduism by Purnendu Narayana Sinha, Benares,1901,p.212
  5. ↑ Source: Wisdom Library: Bhagavata Purana
  6. ↑ (Mahābhārata Ādi Parva, Chapter 185, Verse 14).
  7. ↑ (Mahābhārata Ādi Parva, Chapter 199, Dākṣinātya Pāṭha).
  8. ↑ (Mahābhārata Sabhā Parva, Chapter 34, Verse 8).
  9. ↑ (Mahābhārata Udyoga Parva, Chapter 19, Verse 16).
  10. ↑ (Udyoga Parva, Chapter 165, Verse 29).
  11. ↑ (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 45, Verse 35).
  12. ↑ (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 63, Verse 33).
  13. ↑ (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 74, Verse 25).
  14. ↑ (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 84, Verse 35).
  15. ↑ (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 11, Verse 44).
  16. ↑ (Droṇa Parva, Chapter 43, Verse 45).
  17. ↑ (Droṇa Parva, Chapter 142, Verse 59).
  18. ↑ (Droṇa Parva, Chapter 141, Verse 72).
  19. ↑ (Droṇa Parva, Chapter 143, Verse 33).
  20. ↑ (Droṇa Parva, Chapter 143, Verse 54).
  21. ↑ (Svargārohaṇa Parva, Chapter 5, Verse 16).
  22. ↑ Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia
  23. ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.676
  24. ↑ Mahabharata Online: Somadatta's End
  25. ↑ http://www.mahabharataonline.com/rajaji/mahabharata_summary_89.php
  26. ↑ http://www.mahabharataonline.com/rajaji/mahabharata_summary_89.php
  27. ↑ Essential Hinduism by Steven J. Rosen and Graham M. Schweig. Greenwood Publishing, 2006, page 96. Google books link
  28. ↑ Mahabharata Online: Somadatta's End,
  29. ↑ http://www.mahabharataonline.com/rajaji/mahabharata_summary_89.php
  30. ↑ http://www.mahabharataonline.com/rajaji/mahabharata_summary_89.php
  31. ↑ http://www.mahabharataonline.com/rajaji/mahabharata_summary_89.php
  32. ↑ http://www.mahabharataonline.com/rajaji/mahabharata_summary_89.php
  33. ↑ http://www.mahabharataonline.com/rajaji/mahabharata_summary_89.php
  34. ↑ कौरव्यः सॊमदत्तश च पुत्राश चास्य महारथाः, समवेतास तरयः शूरा भूरिर भूरिश्रवाः शलः (I.177.14)
  35. ↑ सॊमदत्तॊ ऽद कौरव्यॊ भूरिर भूरिश्रवाः शलः, अश्वत्थामा कृपॊ द्रॊणः सैन्धवश च जयद्रथ: (II.31.8)
  36. ↑ तदा भूरिश्रवाः शूरः शल्यश च कुरुनन्थन, थुर्यॊधनम उपायाताव अक्षौहिण्या पृदक पृदक (V.19.16)
  37. ↑ विविंशतिश चित्रसेनॊ विकर्णश च महारदः, सत्यव्रतः पुरुमित्रॊ जयॊ भूरिश्रवाः शलः (VI.18.11)
  38. ↑ वार्द्धक्षत्रिः सर्वसैन्यस्य मध्ये; भूरिश्रवाः पुरुमित्रॊ जयश च, शाल्वा मत्स्याः केकयाश चापि सर्वे; गजानीकैर भरातरॊ यॊत्स्यमानाः (VI.20.12)
  39. ↑ (VI.47.17) भूरिश्रवाः शलः शल्यॊ भगदत्तश च मारिष, विन्दानुविन्दाव आवन्त्यौ वामं पार्श्वम अपालयन (VI.47.17)
  40. ↑ भूरिश्रवाः शलः शल्यॊ भगदत्तश च मारिष, मद्रकाः सिन्धुसौवीरास तदा पञ्च नदाश च ये (VI.52.5)
  41. ↑ तदा कौरव थायाथः सौमदत्तिर महायशाः, हतॊ भूरिश्रवा राजञ शूरः सात्यकिना युधि (VIII.4.17)
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