Riddhapur
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Riddhapur (रिद्धपुर) is an ancient village in tahsil Morshi of Amravati district in Maharashtra. Riddhapur plates of 19th year of Prabhavatigupta were discovered at Riddhapur, which prove that Prabhavatigupta, chief queen of Vakataka King Rudrasena II and daughter of Chandragupta II, was of Dharan Gotra Nagavanshi Jat.[1]
Variants
- Riddhapura (ऋद्धपुर), महाराष्ट्र, (AS, p.797)
- Rithapur
- Rithpur
- Ridhapur
Location
It is located east of Chandur Bazar on Achalpur – Morshi State Highway No. 240. Pedi River flow through the village.
Ridhapur is a Village in Morshi Taluka in Amravati District of Maharashtra State, India. It belongs to Vidarbha region . It belongs to Amravati Division . It is located 41 KM towards North from District head quarters Amravati. 20 KM from Morshi. Ridhapur Pin code is 444704 and postal head office is Chandur Bazar. Bellora ( 5 KM ) , Dabheri ( 5 KM ) , Nanori ( 6 KM ) , Sonori ( 6 KM ) , Domak ( 7 KM ) are the nearby Villages to Ridhapur. Ridhapur is surrounded by Morshi Taluka towards East , Amravati Taluka towards South , Achalpur Taluka towards west , Tiwsa Taluka towards East.[2]
History
Rithpur was given to Salabat Khan as tankha jagir. The notorious Raja Bishan Chand was Talukdar, who was remembered for his miserliness and tyranny and during his period the village was completely abandoned. There are many temples of Mahanubhavas viz., Raj Math, Krishna Mandir , Datta Mandir and dargahs of Salam Miya and Mehbub Subhani.
It is the headquarters of the Mahanubhava Sect and also known as Banaras of the Mahanubhavas.
Riddhapur plates of 19th year of Prabhavatigupta
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१ जित (त) भगवता ।। रामगिरिस्वामिन=पादमूलाद्गुप्तान (ना) मादि २ राजो महाराजश्रीघटोतकचस्तस्य पुत्रो महाराजश्रीचन्द्र- ३ गुप्त[*] तस्य पुत्रस्तत्पादपरिगृहि (ही) त (तो) लिच्छविदौहित्रो ४ महादेव्या(व्या) कुमारदेव्यामुत्पन्नो महाराजश्रीसमुद्रगुप्तस्तस्य पुत्र- ५ स्तत्पादानुद्धयातो न्यायागतानेकगोहिरण्यकोटिसहस्त्रप्रदस्सर्व्वराजो- ६ च्छेत्ता पृथिव्यामप्रतिरथ=परमभागवतो महादेव्या(व्या) दत्तदेव्यामु- ७ त्पनो(नौ) महाराजश्रीसमुद्रगुप्तस्तस्य दुहिता धारणसगोत्रा ८ नागकुलोत्पन्नाया(या) कुबेरा(र)नग(गा)देव्यामुत्पन्ना उभयकुलाल- ९ ङ्कारभूता वाकाटकाना(ना) महाराजश्रीरुद्रसेनस्याग्रमहिषी १० वाकाटकानाम्महाराजश्रीदामोदरसेनप्रवरसेनजननी भगव- ११ त्पादानुद्धयाता साग्रवर्षसतजीवपुत्रपौत्रा श्र(श्री)महादेवीप्रभ (भा)वती- १२ गुप्ता ॥ कोसिकमार्ग्ग(र्ग्गे) अश्वत्थनगरे सब्रह(ब्राह्म)णपुरे(रो)गग्रामहहत्तरा(रा)श्च १३ कुशलमुक्तवा सम(मा)ज्ञापयत(ति)[।*]ऐहीकामुत्रिकमस्मिननगरे स्वपुण्याप्या[यना]त्थ[र्त्थ] १४ पारशरसगोत्राणा(णा) तैत्तिरीयब्राह्मणानामप्यपुत्रापुत्राणा अभ्य- १५ न्तरनिवेशने[न*]सह कर्षकनिवेशनानि च चत्वार(रि) १६ भुक्ता(क्त)काभोगक्षेत्रमुदकपूर्व्व(र्व्व) शासनेनो[न]सति(नि)बद्ध(द्धम) । उचिताश्चास्य १७ पूर्व्वराजानुमताञ्चातुर्विद्यग्राममर्यादान्वितरामस्तद्यथा १८ अकरदायी(यि) अभटच्छत्रप्रावेश्य(श्य) अपुष्पक्षीरसन्दोह अचारा- १९ सनचर्म्माङ्कार(र) अलवणक्लिन्नक्रेणिखनक(क) सर्व्वविस्वि(ष्टि)परिहारा(र) २० परिहृत(त) सनिधान सोपनिधान सक्ल(क्लृ)प्तोपकलि(क्लृ)प्तम(मा)चन्द्रा २१ दित्यकालिय(य) पुत्रपौत्रानुगामि भुञ्जता(ता) न केनचिद्वयाघात २२ =कर्तव्य सर्व्वक्रियाभिस्सरक्षितव्य=परिवर्द्धयितव्यश्च[।*]यश्च(श्चा)स्मा(स्म)- २३ च्छासनमगणयमान[*]स्वल्पामपि परिबाधा(धा) कुर्य्यात्कारयि(ये)त वा तस्य २४ ब्राह्मण(णै)रावेदितस्य सदण्डनिग्रह करिष्याम [।*] अस्मि(स्मि)श्च धर्म्मादर- २५ करणे अनी(ती)तानेकराजदत्ता(त्त)सञ्चित(न्त)नपरिपालन पुण्यानुकीर्तन- २६ परिहारार्त्थ न कीर्तयाम [।*]सङ्कल्पाधि(भि)योगपराक्क्रमोपजि- २७ जितान्वर्त्तमानामा(ना)ज्ञापयाम । व्यासगीतश्चात्र श्लोकxप्रमाण(णम्)[।*] २८ स्वदत्ता(त्ता) परदत्ता वा यो हरेत वसुन्धराम्[।*]गवा शतसहस्त्रस्य २९ हन्तुपिबति दुष्कृतमिति वाकाटकाना(ना) महाराजश्रीप्रवर- ३० सेनस्य राज्यप्रशासतसव्वत्सरे एकुनविश्तिमे कार्तिक- ३१ मासशुक्लपक्षद्वादश्या(श्याम) दूतको(को) देवनन्दस्वामी [।*] ली (लि)खित ३२ प्रभुसिङ्घेन ॥ |
| Riddhapur plates of 19th year of Prabhavatigupta[3] |
[p.33]: These plates were found in the possession of Mahanta Dattarāja of the Mahānubhāva sect. They were discovered at Riddhapur in the Morshi tahsil of the Amarâvatï District in Vidarbha. They have been edited twice by Mr. Y R Gupte, first in Marathi in the Bhārata Itihāsa Samsodhaka Mandal Quarterly, Vol. III, Nos 2-4, pp 89 f, and again, with negative facsimiles and an English translation, in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, Vol XX, pp 53 f. The plates are now deposited in the Bhārata Itihāsa Samsodhaka Mandal, Poona. They are edited here from the same facsimiles.
The copper-plates are four in number, measuring 5.3/4" long, 3.3/4" broad and 1/2" thick. The first and fourth plates are inscribed on one side only, and the other two, on both the sides. There are thirty-two lines of writing in all, of which five are inscribed on the first, and three on the fourth plate. The remaining plates have six lines on each side. The letters on the first and fourth plates and those in the first two lines on the first side of the second plate are larger and thicker than those in the other lines. The letters are well cut and the record is in a good state of preservation. Each plate has a round hole 6/16" in diameter for the ring which must have held the plates together, but neither the ring nor the seal which it must have carried is now forthcoming. The weight of the four plates is 115 tolas.
The characters are of the box-headed variety of the southern alphabets resembling those of the Jamb and other plates of Pravarasena II. The only peculiarities that need be stated here are as follows — The length of the medial i (long) is indicated by a double curve or by a dot in a circle; see shri-Ghaṭotkacha-, line 2 and -mahishi, line 9; the rare initial ai occurs in aihik-, line 13; medial au is bipartite as in -dauhitro, line 3; kh has a loop at the bottom in -khanaka, line 19, but not in likhitam, line 31; g and ś have curves turned inside at the end of their left member as in -nagare, line 12 and -varshaṡata- In line 11 ; ḍ and d are distinguished in danḍa-, line 24; b occurs with a notch on the left, as in Kubera-, line 8; a final consonant is shown by its small size, but has no vertical stroke at the top; see vasundharām, line 28; the sign of the jihvāmūlīya occurs in line 22 and that of the upadhmānīya in lines 1, 6, 22, 27 and 29. Interpunctuation is indicated by vertical strokes as in line 1 or by dots or a small horizontal stroke as in lines 16 and 32. The language is Sanskrit, and except for a verse at the end, the whole record is in prose. As regards orthography, we may note the reduplication before and after r as in parākkram-, line 26 and chāturvvidya-, line 17 ; that of a consonant before y as in -pād-ānuddhyāto, line 5, and the use of li for the medial vowel ḷi in klipt-opakliptam, line 20.
The inscription opens with Jitam Bhagavatā ‘Victory has been attained by the Lord’, which occurs also in the Poona plates of Prabhavatigupta. There is, however, no word like drishtam ‘ seen ’ which occurs in the latter grant as well as in almost all complete charters of Pravarasena II. The characters as well as the wording of the present grant, however, leave no doubt that it is genuine.
The inscription is one of Mahādevi Prabhāvatigupta, the chief queen of the Vakataka Maharaja Rudrasena II and the mother of the Vâkataka Maharaja Damodarasena-Pravarasêna. As shown below, the record is dated in the 19th regnal year of the Vâkataka king Pravarasena II, but, strange as it may appear, the introductory
[p.34]: portion of the grant gives the genealogy of the Guptas and not of the Vakatakas. This is also seen in the Poona plates which were issued when Prabhâvatï was acting as Régent for her miner son Yuvarāja Divākarasena. The introduction of the Gupta genealogy in the latter grant can be explained as due to the influence of the Gupta officials sent by Chandragupta II to Vidarbha to help his widowed daughter in the government of the Vakataka kingdom.
No such explanation will, however, avail in the present case, for Pravarasena II was a grown up man when the present grant was made. In all his earlier grants he has given his own genealogy in the introductory portion. The use of the Gupta genealogy here must therefore be attributed to Prabhavati's pride in her descent from the Gupta family.
The genealogy of the Guptas is given here exactly as in Prabhâvatî's Poona plates, the only difference being that the imperial title Mahàràjàdhiràja is here applied only to Chandragupta II, all his predecessors including the great Emperor Samudragupta being styled as Mahārāja. The Vâkâtaka kings Rudrasena II and Pravarasena II mentioned in the grant are also styled as Maharaja. Prabhavatigupta is described as meditating on the feet of the Bhagavat. Like her father, she was a devotee of Vishnu.
The plates were issued from the foot-prints of the lord of Ramagiri (रामगिरि) who is evidently identical with Ramachandra, an incarnation of Vishnu. The object of the inscription is to record the grant, by Prabhâvatï, of a field together with a house and four huts of farmers in Ashvatthanagara (अश्वत्थनगर) which lay in the mārga (subdivision) of Koshika. The donees are not mentioned by name, but are described as Brahmanas, with or without sons, who were of the Parashara gotra and the Taittirïya sâkhà. The grant is dated, at the end, on the twelfth tithi of the bright fortnight of Karttîka in the nineteenth regnal year of Pravarasêna. As Prabhâvatï was a devotee of Vishnu, she seems to have made the present grant on the occasion of the pāraṇā (completion) of her fast on the preceding Prabodhinî Ekâdasî. Her Poona grant also was made on a similar occasion. The Dutaka was Dêvanandasvâmin and the scribe Prabhusîmha.
There is one expression in the description of Prabhâvatï which has led to much controversy. Mr Gupte, who edited the plates, read it as s-àgra-varsha-sata-dîva-putra-pautri ā and proposed the following two renderings — (i) who has sons and grandsons, a life of full hundred years and will (in the end) live in heaven, and (ii) who has renowned sons and grandsons and who has lived a life of full hundred years.1 Mr Gupte remarked that the expression need not be taken literally and that what was intended was that Prabhâvatï-guptà lived for a long time and saw illustrious sons and grandsons. It has since been shown2 that the correct reading is -jîva-putra-pautrâ not -diva-putra-pautra. Dr R.C. Majumdar took the expression literally and understood it as meaning that Prabhâvatï lived for more than a hundred years and had sons and grandsons.3 On this interpretation he based his theory of Vâkâtaka chronology. It does not, however, appear to be correct. In the expression cited above, jïva-putra-pautrà means 'having living sons and grandsons'. Similar expression, jiva-sutâ or jiva-putrà occur in the Rigveda, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana as well as some old inscriptions4. To have living sons and grandsons is regarded as a sign of good
1. J.A.S.B., M.S., Vol. XX, pp. 56 and 60.
2. This was first pointed out by Prof. Jagan Nath in IV, p. 59.
3. J.R.A.S.B., Vol. XII, pp. 1f
4. Cf (i) वयं जीवा जीवपुत्रा अनागस: । Rigveda X,36,9: (ii) जानासि मं जीवपुत्रे भावं नित्यंविग्रहे । क्रोधनो न च गृह्लीते वचनं मं सुयोधन: ।। MBT, V, 144, 2 ; (iii) जीवपुत्रे निवर्तस्व पुत्रं रक्षस्य चाङ्गदम । अंतको रामरूपेण हत्या नयति वालिनम् ।। Ramayana IV, 19, 11. (iv) जीवसुताय राजमातुय वचनेन । Nâsik cave inscription, Ep. Ind. , Vol VIII, p 73
[p.35]: fortune and is therefore often mentioned in the description of women. The preceding expression Sâgra-varsha-śata indicating long life must evidently be connected with jîva. The expression, therefore refers to the long life of the sons and grandsons of Prabhâvatï and not to her own. Besides, to a widow like Prabhâvatîguptâ a long life of a hundred years is most distasteful. No Indian widow is likely to boast of it in her own record. The long life mentioned in the expression must therefore be taken to refer to that of the sons and grandsons of Prabhâvatï. The expression cannot, of course, be taken literally, but must be interpreted like the epithets dîrghàyuh or àyushmat applied to small children. The intention in such cases is to express the wish that they would be long-lived. The expression therefore means 'who has sons and grandsons who (it is hoped) will live for a full hundred years'.
Prabhavatigupta is again described in lime 10 as the mother of the Vâkâtaka Mahàrâja, the illustrious Damodarasena-Pravarasena. This expression also has been interpreted differently by different scholars. Dr. Mujumdar says that Dâmôdarasêna and Pravarasena were two different sons of Prabhâvatï. We must note, however, that the expression uses the phrase Vâkâtakànàm Mahàrâjah in connection with the name of Dàmodarasêna, but not with that of Pravarasena II. When we remember how particular the drafters of Vâkâtaka grants were about the use of this title in connection with the name of every Vâkâtaka king who actually reigned, it looks strange that the title should not have been prefixed to the name of Pravarasena II, who was ruling at the time. Again, if the intention was to name all sons of Prabhâvatï, the name of Divâkarasena also should have been added. It seems probable therefore, that Damodarasena and Pravarasena II were identical and that the latter name was adopted by the prince at the time of his accession.
As for the place-names mentioned in the present grant,
- Ramagiri (रामगिरि) is undoubtedly modern Ramtek, about 28 miles north of Nagpur. It lies only about 3 miles from Nandivardhana, modern Nagardhan, the earlier capital of the Vâkàtakas. In Kâlidasa's Meghadûta, Râmagiri is mentioned as the place where the Yaksha, exiled from Alakā, lived for a year. From the description in Kālidāsa's poem we learn that the hill was marked by the vénérable foot-prints of Raghupati (Ramachandra), and it is noteworthy that the present grant was made by Prabhâvatîguptâ near the foot-prints of the Lord of Râmagiri. The geographical situation of Râmtek answers to the description of Râmagiri in the Meghadûta and it is known to have been regarded as a holy place for several centuries. There should therefore be no doubt about this identification. Several grants of Prabhâvatîguptâ and Pravarasena II were made after being offered to the Bhagavat who was plainly none but the god Râmachandra whose pàdukâs were installed at Râmagiri.
- Asvatthanagara (अश्वत्थनगर) has been identified with Asatpur in the Achalpur tahsil of the Amaravati District of Vidarbha.
- Koshika (कोशिक), the headquarters of the mārga in which Asvatthanagara was situated, cannot, however, be located in its neighborhood.
1. Notice the omission of the title Vakatakanam Maharajah in connection with the name of Gautamiputra, who predeceased his father Pravarasena I. See, above, No. 3, line 7.
2. Cf. वन्द्यै: पुंसां रघुपतिपदैरङकितं मेखलासु । verse 12.
3. For a fuller discussion of this identification, see my article ‘Location of Ramagiri ’ in the Nagpur University Journal, No. IX, pp. 9 ff. See also my Studies in Indology, Vl. I, pp. 12 f.
4. J.A.S.B., N.S., Vol. XX, p. 58.
Translation of Riddhapur plates of Prabhavatigupta
[p.37]: Victory has been attained by the Bhagavat From the footprints of the Lord of Ramagiri (रामगिरि) : —
(There was) the Maharaja, the illustrious Ghatotkacha (घटोतकच), the first king of the Guptas. His son (was) the Mahārāja, the illustrious Chandragupta I (चन्द्रगुप्त I). His son, graciously favoured by him, (was) the Mahārāja, the illustrious Samudragupta (समुद्रगुप्त), (who was) born of the Mahādevi Kumāradevi (and was) the daughter's son of the Lichchhavi (Chief). His son, who meditated on his feet, (was) the Mahārājādhirāja, the illustrious Chandragupta II (चन्द्रगुप्त II), born of the Mahādevi Dattadevi who (was) a fervent devotee of the Bhagavat (Vishnu), who (was) a matchless warrior on the earth, who exterminated all kings, (and) who donated many thousands of crores of cows and gold (coins) which he had obtained by lawful means.
(Line 7) His daughter, the illustrious Mahādevi Prabhavatigupta ((प्रभावतीगुप्त)) of the Dharana gotra (धारण गोत्र), born of the queen Kuberanāga (कुबेरनाग), who was herself born in a Naga (नाग) family, — who is an ornament of both the (Gupta and Vakataka) families, who (was) the Chief Queen of the illustrious Rudrasena II, the Mahārāja of the Vakatakas ; who is the mother of the illustrious Damodarasena (दामोदरसेन) (alias5) Pravarasena II, the Maharaja of the Vākātakas, who meditates on the feet of the Bhagavat (Vishnu) , (and) who has sons and grandsons who will live for a full hundred years6 — having announced (her) good health, commands the Mahattaras (elders) of the village led by the Brahmanas (rending) in the Asvatthanagara (अश्वत्थनगर) in the mārga (subdivision) of Koshika as follows —
" We have in this town donated the field enjoyed (so far) by Bhuktaka together with a farm-house situated in it (arid) four huts of cultivators, to the Brahmanas7.... of the Parashara gotra and the Taittirîya sâkhâ, whether they have or do not have sons, by pouring out water and issuing a charter for the increase of our religious merit and (Own welfare) in this world and the next.
(Line 26) We issue this order to the present rulers (who are) vanquished by Our resolve, attack or valour.
And the (following) verse, sung by Vyâsa, should be regarded as authoritative on this point
(Line 29) In the nineteenth year, while the illustrious Pravarasena II, the Maharaja of the Vakatakas, is governing his kingdom, on the twelfth (lunar day) in the bright fortnight of the month Karttika (this charter has been written) The Dutaka is Devanandasvamin. (This charter) has been written by Prabhusimha.
5 See above, p. 35.
6 See above, p. 34.
7 The names of the Brahmanas have been omitted inadvertently.
Wiki Editor Notes
- Ashwatar (अश्वतर) (Jat clan) → Ashvatthanagara (अश्वत्थनगर) is mentioned in Riddhapur plates of 19th year of Prabhavatigupta. [4] Asvatthanagara (अश्वत्थनगर) has been identified with Asatpur in the Achalpur tahsil of the Amaravati District of Vidarbha. (p.34) Asatpur (असातपूर) is a village in Achalpur tahsil of Amravati district in Maharashtra.
- Alakh (अलख) (Jat clan) → Alaka Nagari (अलका नगरी) - In Kâlidasa's Meghadûta, Râmagiri is mentioned as the place where the Yaksha, exiled from Alakā, lived for a year. (p.35)[5]
- Dharan (धारण) (Jat clan) → Dharana (धारण) gotra of Prabhavatigupta. Riddhapur plates of 19th year of Prabhavatigupta mention (Line 7): His (Chandragupta II) daughter, the illustrious Mahādevi Prabhavatigupta (प्रभावतीगुप्त) of the Dharana gotra (धारण गोत्र), born of the queen Kuberanāga (कुबेरनाग), who was herself born in a Naga (नाग) family, — who is an ornament of both the (Gupta and Vakataka) families, who (was) the Chief Queen of the illustrious Rudrasena II, the Mahārāja of the Vakatakas ; who is the mother of the illustrious Damodarasena (दामोदरसेन) (alias) Pravarasena II.
- In this context we must note that Prabhavatigupta, the daughter of Chandragupta II and chief queen of the Vakataka king Rudrasena II describes herself as belonging to the Dharana gotra in her Poona and Riddhapur copper plate inscriptions. Dharana is clearly the gotra of her father, as the gotra of her husband Rudrasena II is specifically mentioned as Visnuvrddha in the Chammak copper plate inscription of Pravarasena II. [6][7]
- K P Jayaswal takes it to stand for Dharan, a Jat clan found in Amritsar, and on the basis of the Kaumudimahotsava he concludes that Chandragupta I was a Karaskara or Kakkar Jat. [8]
Rithapur plates of Bhavadattavarman
The object of the inscription Nagardhan Plates Of Svamiraja : (Kalachuri) Year 322 (=573 AD) appears to be to record second of two gifts....
(ii) the other of the village Ankôllikâ (अङ्कोल्लिक) (L.17), which was made by Nannarâja (नन्नराज) (or, perhaps by Svâmirâja) on his own account near the Chatuka-vata4, situated in the stream of the Ganga, on the occasion of an eclipse which occurred on the new-moon day of Chaitra in the cyclic year Âshâdha.
4. For a similar grant made at Prayaga at the confluence of the two rivers by a ruling king of Vidarbha and recorded afterwards by his relative at Nandivardhana, see the Rithapur plates of Bhavadattavarman, Ep Ind, Vol XIX, pp. 100 ff. (p.612) [10]
रिद्धपुर
रिद्धपुर (AS, p.797) मध्य प्रदेश (वर्तमान महाराष्ट्र) का एक ऐतिहासिक स्थान है। इस स्थान पर गुप्त सम्राट समुद्रगुप्त का एक अभिलेख प्राप्त हुआ था जिसमें समुद्रगुप्त के लिए प्रयुक्त ‘तत्पादपरिगृहित’ शब्दों से ज्ञात होता है कि उसके पिता चंद्रगुप्त प्रथम ने समुद्रगुप्त की योग्यता को जानते हुए ही उसे अपने राज्य का उत्तराधिकारी चुना था। [11]
रामटेक
रामटेक (AS, p.789): विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[12] ने लेख किया है .....रामटेक महाराष्ट्र राज्य के नागपुर से 20 मील की दूरी पर रमणीक और ऊंची पहाड़ियों पर स्थित है। कुछ विद्वानों के मत में यह महाकवि कालिदास के 'मेघदूत' में वर्णित रामगिरि है। यहाँ विस्तीर्ण पर्वतीय प्रदेश में अनेक छोट-छोटे सरोवर स्थित हैं, जो शायद 'पूर्वमेघ' में उल्लिखित 'जनकतनया स्नान पुण्योदकेषु' में निर्दिष्ट जलाशय हैं। किंवदंती है कि वनवास काल में राम, लक्ष्मण तथा सीता इस स्थान पर रहे थे। रामचंद्र जी का एक सुंदर मंदिर ऊंची पहाड़ी पर बना हुआ है। मंदिर के निकट विशाल वराह की मूर्ति के आकार में कटा हुआ एक शैलखंड स्थित है। रामटेक को सिंदूरगिरि भी कहते हैं। इसके पूर्व की ओर 'सुरनदी' या 'सूर्यनदी' बहती है। इस स्थान पर एक ऊंचा टीला है, जिसे गुप्तकालीन बताया जाता है। चंद्रगुप्त द्वितीय की पुत्री प्रभावती गुप्त ने रामगिरि की यात्रा की थी। इस तथ्य की जानकारी रिद्धपुर के ताम्रपत्र लेख से होती है। प्राचीन जनश्रुति के अनुसार रामचंद्र जी ने शंबूक का वध इसी स्थान पर किया था।
External links
References
- ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.33-37
- ↑ https://www.onefivenine.com/india/villages/Amravati/Morshi/Ridhapur
- ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. V, 1963, pp.35-36
- ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.33-37
- ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.33-37
- ↑ Tej Ram Sharma:Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions, pp. 16-17
- ↑ D.C. Sircar, Select Inscriptions, pp. 436-37, f.n. 9 : The queen refers to her paternal gotra rather than that of her husband's family
- ↑ Tej Ram Sharma:Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions, pp. 16-17
- ↑ B.G. Gokhale, Samudragupta, Life and Times, pp. 25-26.
- ↑ Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarium Vol IV Part 2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1905, p.611-617
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.797
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.789
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