Tapti River

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (Retd.)
Tapti River

Tapti River (ताप्ती), ancient original name Tapati River (तपती), is a river in central India. It is one of the major rivers of peninsular India with a length of around 724 kms. It is one of only three rivers in peninsular India that run from east to west - the others being the Narmada River and the Mahi River. Tapi River basin lies in the states of Maharashtra (51,504 km²), Madhya Pradesh (9,804 km²) and Gujarat (3,837 km²).

Origin

The Tapi River originates in the Betul district from a place called Multai, in Madhya Pradesh state. The Sanskrit name of Multai is Mulatapi, meaning origin of Tāpī Mātā or the Tapti River. Tāptī is the daughter of Surya, the Sun God and his wife, Chhaya. Tapti is also known as sister of Lord Shani.

Variants of name

  • Payoshni (पयोष्णी) (Mahabharata) (III.83.37), (III.86.4), (VI.10.15), (VI.10.19),
  • Tapati River (तपती नदी) (ancient original name)
  • Tapti River (ताप्ती नदी)
  • Tapi River (तापी नदी)
  • Tapati (तपती)
  • Tapti (ताप्ती)
  • Tapi (तापी) = = Tapti River ताप्ती नदी (AS, p.393)
  • Tapti (ताप्ती) = Tapi (तापी) (AS, p.393)
  • Nanagouna = Tapti (by Ptolemy) (? Nangouna is a town in the Tansila Department of Banwa Province in western Burkina Faso. )

Genealogy of Vahlika

Ancestry of Vahlika as per Bhagavata Purana

Genealogy of Bahlika as per Bhagavata Purana[1] Riksha → Samvarana (m. Tapati) → Kuru → Jahnu → Suratha → Viduratha → Saryabhauma → Jaya Sena → Radhika → Ayutayu → Akrodhana → Devatithi → Riksha → Dilipa → Pratipa → Vahlika → Somadatta → Bhuri + Bhurisravas + Sala

Course

The river rises in the eastern Satpura Range of southern Madhya Pradesh state, and flows westward, draining Madhya Pradesh's Nimar region, Maharashtra's Kandesh and east Vidarbha regions in the northwest corner of the Deccan Plateau and south Gujarat, before emptying into the Gulf of Cambay of the Arabian Sea, in the Surat District of Gujarat. The river, along with the northern parallel Narmada River, form the boundaries between North and South India. The Western Ghats or Sahyadri range starts south of the Tapti River near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The Tapti (Tapi) River empties into the Gulf of Khambhat near the city of Surat in Gujarat.

River basin

The Tapi River basin encompasses an area of 65,145 km², which is nearly two percent of the total area of India. The basin lies in the states of Maharashtra (51,504 km²), Madhya Pradesh (9,804 km²) and Gujarat (3,837 km²).

The basin includes the Betul and Burhanpur districts of Madhya Pradesh; the northern and eastern districts Maharashtra state, including Amravati, Akola, Buldhana, Washim, Jalgaon, Dhule, Nandurbar, and Nashik districts, and the Surat and Tapi district (Vyara)(named after river tapi)of Gujarat.

Tributaries

The principal tributaries of the Tapti River are the Mindhola River, Girna River, Panzara River, Waghur River, Bori River and Aner River.

Other tributaries include:

Places of historical interest

Here is partial list of places on or near the Bank of Tapti River along with district and state.

Associated clans

History

Tevatia clan history is associated with Tapti River. B S Dahiya[2] writes that Certain coins were found at Ujjain and are described by K.P.Jayaswal. [3] A coin has a river with a fish on one side; it has a legend in the oldest form of Brahmi, reading Tubathi or Turbathi. Probably its Sanskrit equivalent is Turvasti. Coin seems to be older than Maurya times. The name which is a place name, appears to be connected with the dynastic name Turvasha. The reverse has a tree on the ground marked with a square.

These are the observation of late Dr. K P Jayaswal. His reading of the name, Tubathi is practically correct it should be tevathi / Tuvathi but it is not place name it is a clan name of the Jats. The symbols of water (with fish) and earth (with tree) are the tradition symbols of the Jats (Dharti-Pani in Hindi) It is perhaps, older than Mauryan times. Tabiti is the name of the fire goddess of the Scythians. If these suppositions are correct then it shows that the Tevathiya Jats came to India during Achaemenid disturbance. [4] [5]

Tevatia Jats believe that they have migrated from village named Tevti/Teoti. There is one village of this name in Bharatpur. There is also a village of this name near Ujjain. River Tapti is considered to be associated with Tapti River. There is need to further research in the matter.

Tapati in Mahabharata

Adi Parva, Mahabharata/Mahabharata Book I Chapter 89 tells us History of Puru and Pandavas (Aila dynasty).

Genealogy of Puru : Puru (wife: Paushti) → 1.Pravira, 2.Iswara, and 3. Raudraswa

1. Pravira (w:Suraseni) → Manasyu (w:Sauviri) → Subhru, Sahana, and Vagmi.

3. Raudraswa (w:Misrakesi) → Richeyu (=Anadhrishti) (+9 more) → Matinara → Tansu (+3 more) → Ilina (w:Rathantara → Dushmanta (w:Sakuntala) (+4 more) → Bharata → Bhumanyu (Pushkarini) → Suhotra (w:Aikshaki) (+5 more) → Ajamidha (w: Dhumini) → Riksha → Samvarana (w:Tapati) (migrated to Sindhu River) → Kuru (w:Vahini) → Abhishyavanta → Parikshit → Janamejaya → Dhritarashtra (+Pandu & 6 more) → Pratipa (+2 more) → Santanu

Migration of Samvarana to Sindhu River:

It is interesting to note that Samvarana migrated to Sindhu River as given below in details:

  • Riksha begat Samvarana, the perpetuator of the royal line. And, O king, it hath been heard by us that while Samvarana, the son of Riksha, was ruling the earth, there happened a great loss of people from famine, pestilence, drought, and disease. And the Bharata princes were beaten by the troops of enemies. And the Panchalas setting out to invade the whole earth with their four kinds of troops soon brought the whole earth under their sway. And with their ten Akshauhinis the king of the Panchalas defeated the Bharata prince. Samvarana then with his wife and ministers, sons and relatives, fled in fear, and took shelter in the forest on the banks of the Sindhu extending to the foot of the mountains. There the Bharatas lived for a full thousand years, within their fort. And after they had lived there a thousand years, one day the illustrious Rishi Vasishtha approached the exiled Bharatas, who, on going out, saluted the Rishi and worshipped him by the offer of Arghya. And entertaining him with reverence, they represented everything unto that illustrious Rishi. And after he was seated on his seat, the king himself approached the Rishi and addressed him, saying, 'Be thou our priest, O illustrious one! We will endeavour to regain our kingdom.' And Vasishtha answered the Bharatas by saying, 'Om' (the sign of consent). It hath been heard by us that Vasishtha then installed the Bharata prince in the sovereignty of all the Kshatriyas on earth, making by virtue of his Mantras this descendant of Puru the veritable horns of the wild bull or the tusks of the wild elephants. And the king retook the capital that had been taken away from him and once more made all monarchs pay tribute to him. The powerful Samvarana, thus installed once more in the actual sovereignty of the whole earth, performed many sacrifices at which the presents to the Brahmanas were great.


  • "Samvarana begat upon his wife, Tapati, the daughter of Surya, a son named Kuru. This Kuru was exceedingly virtuous, and therefore, he was installed on the throne by his people. It is after his name that the field called Kuru Jangala has become so famous in the world. Devoted to asceticism, he made that field (Kurukshetra) sacred by practising asceticism there.

ताप्ती नदी

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[6] ने लेख किया है ...ताप्ती नदी (AS, p.393) को 'तापी नदी' भी कहा जाता है। यह नदी मध्य भारत, दक्षिण मध्य प्रदेश राज्य, दक्कन के पठार में गाविलगढ़ पहाड़ियों से निकलती है। यह नदी पश्चिम की ओर सतपुड़ा श्रेणी के दो पहाड़ों के बीच से होकर महाराष्ट्र राज्य के जलगाँव पठार को पार करके गुजरात राज्य में सूरत के मैदान से होते हुए खंभात की खाड़ी में गिरती है।

विष्णुपुराण (2, 3, 11) में ताप्ती को ऋक्ष पर्वत से उद्भूत माना गया है-‘तापी पयोष्णीनिर्विध्याप्रमुखा ऋक्षसंभवा:’

श्रीमद्भागवत में ताप्ती और उसकी शाखा पयोष्णी का एक साथ उल्लेख है- ‘कृष्णा वेण्या भीमरथी गोदावरी निर्विध्या पयोष्णी तापी रेवा-’।

वास्तव में पयोष्णी, ताप्ती में दक्षिण-पूर्व से आकर मिलती है। ताप्ती नदी सूरत के पास 'खंभात की खाड़ी' (अरब सागर) में गिरती है। महाभारत में ताप्ती या तापी का संभवत: पयोष्णी के रूप में उल्लेख है। इस नदी के तापी, ताप्ती और पयोष्णी (गर्मजल वाली नदी) आदि नाम इसके गर्म जल के पहाड़ी स्त्रोतों के कारण सार्थक जान पड़ते हैं।

ताप्ती नदी का परिचय

ताप्ती नदी की कुल लंबाई लगभग 724 किलोमीटर है, और यह 65,145 वर्ग किलोमीटर क्षेत्र को अपवाहित करती है। अपने मार्ग के अंतिम 51 किलोमीटर में यह नदी ज्वारीय, लेकिन छोटे जहाज़ों के लिए परिवहनीय है। नदी के मुहाने पर स्थित स्वाली बंदरगाह है, जो कभी आंग्ल-पुर्तग़ाली उपनिवेश इतिहास में विख्यात था। स्वाली बंदरगाह गाद जमा हो जाने के कारण अब बंद हो चुका है। ताप्ती नदी अपने उत्तर में बहने वाली अपेक्षाकृत लंबी नर्मदा नदी के लगभग समानांतर बहती है, जिससे यह मुख्य सतपुड़ा श्रेणी द्वारा विभाजित होती है। दो नदी घाटियाँ और इनके बीच की श्रेणियाँ, उत्तरी और प्रायद्वीपीय भारत के बीच एक प्राकृतिक अवरोध बनाती हैं। महाराष्ट्र में दक्षिण से बहने वाली पूर्णा, गिरना और पंझरा इसकी प्रमुख सहायक नदियाँ हैं।[7]

External links

References

  1. ↑ A study of the Bhagavata Purana; or, Esoteric Hinduism by Purnendu Narayana Sinha, Benares,1901,p.212
  2. ↑ Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Jat Clan in India,p. 276
  3. ↑ Journal of Bihar and Orissa Society, 1936, vol. XVII, p.65
  4. ↑ Rowlinson’s Herodotus, Vol. III, p. 160
  5. ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya, Jats the Ancient Rulers ( A clan study), p. 276
  6. ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.393
  7. ↑ भारतकोश-ताप्ती नदी

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