Kings of Kashmira Vol 2 (Rajatarangini of Kalhana)/Wiki Editor Notes

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Kings of Kashmira

Being A Translation of the Sanskrit Work

Rajatarangini of Kalhana Pandita: Vol.2

By Jogesh Chunder Dutt

1887

London: Trubner & Co.

Notes on Rajatarangini Vol 2 Book VIII

  • Rajatarangini: Book VIII has been divided in WIKI section into three parts looking to size of pages.
1. Rajatarangini Vol 2 Book VIII (p.3-105),
2. Rajatarangini Vol 2 Book VIII (i) (105-219)
3. Rajatarangini Vol 2 Book VIII (i) (219-320).
  • It is to be noted that the author Kalhana Pandita has Sanskritized the names by adding extra alphabet such as Aja → Ajja or adding suffix 'ka' such as Aja → Ajja → Ajjaka. This change how we get Jat clan name is reflected at the end of para.
  • By removing Raja or Deva from the name we gat clan name: Mallaraja→Malla
List of Jat Clans in Rajatarangini Vol.2

Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

  • Aja: When Sussala became King of Kashmir second time in 1112 .... Ajjaka, the minister of king Salha, perished in the fight. He was born in the village of Patamga. (p.40) (Ajjaka → Aja)
The lord of Kampana who had rebelled against the king Sussala, came out of Vijayeshvara where he lived and checked the powerful Damaras. He was afraid lest the Lavanya people (Damaras) would come to know his weakness and fall on his rear and harass him in his march ; wishing therefore to conceal his weakness, he fell on the soldiers of Ajaraja who arrived at Vijayeshvara, killed two hundred and fifty men of the enemy, left Vijayakshetra and entered the city. (p.64) (Ajaraja → Aja)
  • Agha: At the time of Murder of the king Sussala the king said in anger that he who remains here is a traitor. Only two remained there, the betel-bearer, an old man, and the learned Rahila, the minister for peace and war. At this time Aghadeva and Nishtavaishya, two spies of Tikka, came from him not knowing what Utpala was about. (p.112) (Aghadeva→Agha)
  • Alakh: Prithvihara accompanied by Alaka, his, brother's son, crossed over by another bridge and destroyed the enemy's army. When the citizens, the horsemen and the Tantris fled, Janakasimha with his friends fled at night and went to Lohara. (p.80) (Alaka→Alakh)

B

  • Bat: Raḍḍa clad in armour and holding the sword and besmeared in blood stepped towards the throne as an evil spirit steps on the stones of the burning ground. When he ascended the throne, his powerful and warlike friends and servants prepared themselves for battle. His friends Batta, Patta the Tantris fought for a longtime and fell at the principal gate of the palace ; the warriors Katta Suryya &c, also fell there. The king Radda with sword and shield killed many of his enemies in fight within the palace. At times his opponents despaired of victory; but Radda fell in battle after a long struggle and after killing many of his foes. After the minder of his late master Uchchala, Gagga disclaimed wealth and punished Radda, though dead, as befitted a rebel. (p.30) (Batta→Bat)
  • Bhagi: The king Sussala, who was indifferent in mind and wished to resign his kingdom brought from Lohara, his son Simhadeva, who had just then passed his boyhood. He had made Bhagika, Prajji's brother's son, lord of Mandala and employed him at Lohara, and thus guarded the country and its treasury. (p.105)....(→)
Bhagika, Sharadbhasi, Mummuni, Mungata, Kalasha and other men of the king Sussala's party harassed the enemies. Kamalaya, son of Lavaraja king of Takka, took the king's side in this war. (p.93)....(→)
Lakshmaka returned from Dvara and went to Parnotsa without rising against the king ; and then drove Bhagika from the hills of Lohara. (p.141)(→)
Bhikshu awaited the arrival of Sujji in order to snatch the kingdom, and stationed himself, fearing; nothing, in the fort named Vāṇashala which was small height and belonged to Bhagika, lord of Khasha, and son-in-law of Tikka ; and he caused all the Damaras to rebel against the king by means of spies.(p.144)(→)
When Bhagika had left Kotta, Prema, lord of Madava (?), careless on account of affluence, paid little attention to the defence of the country. [p.158](→)
Sujji whose avarice had destroyed his dexterity in all business, now threw off his disguise and became the minister of king Lothana. He bestowed on king Lothana, the daughter of Bhagika and removed the mistrust which existed between him and Lothana, and also soothed the grief caused by the death of his beloved ones. The able Sujji requested king Padmaratha, and brought Padmaratha's daughter named Somaladevi for marriage with Lothana. (p.169)(→)
Bhaṅgileya and other Damaras meditated an attack on the town of Shankaravarmma from the Kshiptika to the Samala. Trillaka and others calculated that they would reach the banks of the great river, and that the Damaras of Nilashva would commence hostility outside the town. (p.289)
  • Bhamu:Nila and others, sons of Viḍāla, born of the family of Bhāvuka, of the royal blood and of his own country, helped Sussala in facing the enemies in 1121 AD. (p.92)(→)
At the time of Murder of the king Sussala in 1127 AD, Sahajapala, the ornament of the line of Bhavuka, of superior prowess among the spiritless servants of the king, ran with sword and shield ; and when the rebels saw him, they went out by a side way. But this powerful man was wounded by their servants, and he fell on the ground. The shame of the Rajpoots was washed by his blood. (p.114)(→)
  • Bhangila: One warrior born in the village of Kānḍiletra had begun fasting (magic) at Bhangila, a lonely place ; and Bhikshu, whose men had now come over to Sussala, came with Prithvihara to over-come this man. (→)
  • Bhasa: In 1127 AD On that day Ananta's son, Ananda the great, was killed by the Damaras at Lochanoḍḍāraka while on his march. He did many good acts and could undergo hard labor. Who was not grieved at his mishap? Bhāsa, a servant of Sujji, had escaped his enemies through the virtue of the people and being weary, entered the court-yard of god Avasvami at Avantipura. He and Kshemananda who had quelled the rebellion at Kampana were surrounded by the angry Damaras of Holaḍa. (pp.122-123) (→)
In 1127 AD King of Kashmir Sussala was murdered and Sussala's head brought to Bhikshu. Tikka and others loitered on their way to the capital via Avantipura, in order to destroy Bhāsa and others who had been besieged before. But they could not overcome the besieged by fight or by throwing stones or by fire or sword. Protected by the thick stone wall of the temple, the besieged killed the besiegers who could neither stay there nor flee from that place. In this opportunity caused by tho enemy's delay, the wise king brought over the Damaras of Khaṇḍūvī to his side by riches. He then sent without delay Sujji with Panchachandra and others who took money from him, for the relief of Bhasa and his party. But before Sujji arrived at Avantipura, Tikka and others had raised the siege, as soon as they saw the son of Kayya and others in the vanguard. Bhasa and his party issued out of the temple, pursued the flying enemies and killed them, and came back to Sujji. (p.126-127) (→)
  • Bhojak:Sujjj entered Devasarasa and set up Jayaraja and Yashoraja, principal men among the sons (clan) of Bhojaka, in place of Tikka. Owing to the sharp pursuit made by Sujji, Bhikshu and others were dispersed, and they went to Shurapura. (p.130) (→)
  • Bhuṭṭa: Among the trees, karavira alone, owing to the loveliness of its floors, has the dignity of beauty, and the flowers become useful in the worship of the Shivalinga. So among the several ministers of the king, one alone named Bhuṭṭa, younger brother of Jahlu (?), attained, dignified excellence. The offering which he made to Mahadeva the Jyeshtarudra, otherwise called the Bālakeshvara, and set up by Vashishta, was accepted by the god who appeared in person. There he built a town without a defect, named Bhuṭṭapura with maṭhas, religious schools and high buildings. In the capital also he set up a Hara, named Bhuṭṭeshvara, and in the village of Maḍava he excavated a tank named Dharmmavibhramadarpana. (p.217)

C

  • Chatyal: The valor of Udaya, born of the line of Ichchhaṭi, was conspicuous in battle, although he was very young. He dwelt with Prithvihara, but the latter pulled him by the beard, whereupon he beat Prithvihara and snatched the sword from his hand. The battle took place just by the side of the capital, and oven women and children were killed, being accidentally struck by arrows. Thus, there was an increased slaughter of men, and the king became confounded and he was unable to get out of the array of the soldiers. When the king's movement was thus stopped, Somapala took this opportunity to plunder Chāṭalikā (चाटलिक). (VIII,p.65) (Chāṭalikā→Chatyal)
  • Chhuran: The king killed the rebellious Chhuḍḍa, the younger brother of the lord of Koundha by secret punishment. The king also destroyed Vikramaraja and other kings in Vallapura &c., and raised Guhlaṇa and others to sovereignty. This sun among sovereigns, enriched honorable men out of his affection for them by giving them possession of beautiful lands in Kanyakubja and other places. (p.219)

D

  • Dengri: Asamati had gone away from him, and his gold for the road expenses was reduced ; and even his father-in-law ill treated him then. For four or five years he lived in the house of Jasata and where he had barely food and clothing with difficulty. Dengapala, a Thakkura, who lived by the Chandrabhaga, married his daughter to Bhikshachara and took him to his house. (p.47) (Dengapala→Dengri)
Thus induced, Sujji was inclined to go to Bhikshu who was with Dengapala, but was prevented by Bhagika who was somewhat agitated and advised him not to take that step so long he had not consigned the bones of his master in the waters of the Ganges. (p.143) (Dengapala→Dengri)
Now, Dengapala said to Bhikshu that Jayasimha who was then at a distance had obtained possession of the kingdom, and as he was angry with him he would kill him. Bhikshu thought that Dengapala should attach himself to some party and he replied accordingly. [p.148-149] (Dengapala→Dengri)
The experienced king (Simhadeva), who remained in the house of Dengapala, near the waterfall of Vishalāṭā, had guessed that it would come to this. He was himself devising an elaborate plan for this purpose. He now took with him the brother-in-law of the chief of Kotta. [p.151] (Dengapala→Dengri)
Bhikshu was at Vanagrama, and at that place Dhanya left his army and went to seek protection of Simhadeva. When the soldiers of Bhikshu heard that the king had treated Dhanya well, they were eager to come to the capital. (p.123) (Dhanya)
The first minister, the Pratihara, unable to bear the pride of Sujji, began to find some pretext against him. Now at this time, the elder brother of Dhanya had purified himself by bathing in the Ganges, and returned to this country, and came to the king when he was walking alone. (p.138) (Dhanya)
Now Sujji with the view of preserving the [reigning] dynasty, and after deliberating what should be done, thought of crowning Parmaḍi, son of queen Shrigunalekha, who was then a little under five ([p.139]) years old. He consulted with Garga's son, the maternal uncle of the boy. The Pratihara got hold of this pretext against Sujji and thus told the king : — " Now that you are in this condition, Sujji with his son, is today constantly holding council with Panchachandra and others with the purpose of rising against you." (→)
Dhanya and others also spoke to the king to the same effect, and the king too believed it. (p.139)
The king then judged that if he deposed Sujji from his posts, his followers would become broken-hearted and would desert him, and he bestowed Sujji's posts on others without delay. He gave the government of Rajasthana (palace ) to Dhanya, Kampana to Udaya and the office at Kheri to Rilhana. (p.140) (Dhanya)
Rilhana discarded the friendship of Udaya and Dhanya for the benefit of his master and behaved as their enemy. (175) (Dhanya)
Rewards to the king's favourites : The king served Sanjapala by making him lord of Kampana, and Kularaja, superintendent of the capital Dhanya and Udaya. (p.195)
The Brahmana village and the edifices built by Dhanya did not fulfill the purpose for which they were raised. How can fame be obtained, without virtue ? In the like manner, the religious edifices built by Udaya lord of Kampana, in the villages of the Brahamanas, and named after him, served no useful purpose except that they went by his name. (p,216)
  • Dilhan : Within about a month, after he had obtained greatness, Lothana's only son named Dilha died; and Lothana's beloved wife, Malla died sorrowing for her only son, pierced with grief and despair. On the death of his most beloved wife and of his worthy son, Lothana did not pay attention to the affairs of the kingdom. (p.168) (Dilha→Dilhan)

E

F

G

H


  • Hans: When Garga went to Visharākuta in Mandala, the king caused Sadda, Hamsaratha and Nonaratha to be brought to him by messengers. The wicked king tortured them by sparks of fire and points of needle and left them all but dead. (p.38) (Hamsaratha→Hans)

I

J

  • Jagdal: The danger over, king Uchchala had other minor difficulties which arose and passed away. Bhimadeva set up Bhoja, son of the late king Kalasha, and brought Jagaddala, king of Darad, to help them. Sahla, a son of Harsha and Sanjapala, brother of Darshanapala, were in the party. The king of Darad came out to attack Uchchala but the wise king induced him, by friendly words to return to his own country. Sahla privately followed the king of Darad. Bhoja retired to his country, but his servant having accepted a bribe betrayed his master, and Bhoja soon received from the king the punishment befitting a robber. (p.19) (Jagaddala → Jagdal)
Rajatarangini tells The danger over, king Uchchala had other minor difficulties which arose and passed away. Bhimadeva set up Bhoja, son of the late king Kalasha, and brought Jagaddala, king of Darad, to help them. Sahla, a son of Harsha and Sanjapala, brother of Darshanapala, were in the party. The king of Darad came out to attack Uchchala but the wise king induced him, by friendly words to return to his own country. Sahla privately followed the king of Darad. Bhoja retired to his country, but his servant having accepted a bribe betrayed his master, and Bhoja soon received from the king the punishment befitting a robber. (p.19) (Jagaddala → Jagdal)
  • Jaggal: Mallarjjuna was being carried by his servants on their shoulders, his legs being like those of a goat, [defective], he could not walk on the road. When he had passed the dangerous places and had arrived at the village Sabarnika, revered in Lohara, he was arrested by a Thakkura named Jaggika who had placed sentinels there. (p.203) (Jaggika→Jaggal)
Sahadeva's son who was severely wounded quickly killed Sanjapala's father's brother, the old Shila, who was found there. The respected Jajjala was weary and was entering his house preceded by an attendant ; the attendant was killed as also a soldier and a Chandala sentinel. Jajjala's little boy was seated in the court-yard, but was coming out when he saw his father's party, when Rilhana caused the house to be set on fire. From the darkness caused by the smoke, Jajjala was brought out by the principal soldiers, tied, and faint with wounds, and was killed at the gate of the house by some low persons. (p.193) (Jajjala→Jajja)
  • Janga: Jaṅga, a leader of the army of the king to Rajapuri, accepted service under king Bhikshu, but he was more mindful of his own interests than of his master's. (p.74) (Janga→Jangu)

Jaṭṭa: Jaṭṭa (जट्ट), the minister for peace and war of the lord of Dārvvābhisāra, and prone to pious work, set up the image of the eight faced Mahadeva during the reign of king Jayasimha (1128 - 1155 AD). (p.217) (Jaṭṭa is first time mentioned by Kalhana and that too in association with Mahadeva)

K

  • Kahl: Sussala was married to the pure Meghamanjari, daughter of Vijayapala. She had lost her father and had been affectionately brought up by her mother's father Kahla, king of Kalindara, as his own child. (p.18).... (Kahla→Kahl)
At the time when preparations for war were being made, three hill chiefs Jāsaṭa of Champa, Vajradhara of Vallapura And Sahajapala of Vartula and two heir apparent Kahla of Trigarta and Anandaraja of Vallapura assembled together and arrived at Kurukshetra. They found Bhikshachara who was saved by Asamati with Naravarmma; and Naravarmma gave gold to the former for, expenses on the way. Jasata was related to Bhikshachara and treated him well, and the other chiefs also honored him. They then arrived at Vallapura (p.46).... (Kahla→Kahl)
The king Sussala was very much grieved at the accession of Kahla to the throne of Kalinjara and at the death of Malla, mother of his-principal queen. (p.53).... (Kahla→Kahl)
The Rajpoot Kahlana, son of Sahadeva, collected the Damaras who were at Kramarajya and advanced towards the king. The same Vimba who was the first to leave Sussala's army to go over to Bhikshu, now left Bhikshu and joined Sussala. (p.79).... (Kahlana→Kahl)
  • Kak: Yashoraja who was related to the Kāka family was banished by the king, and he came over to Sahasramangala who enlisted him in his party (p.46). .... (Kāka→Kak)
Tilaku [another person of the same name] of the family of Kaka, to whom, the king had bestowed Kampana, began to act very mischievously, as the storm docs to trees. Sajjaka, lord of Sheḍḍarājasthāna, armed himself with rustic weapons and subdued some powerless enemies. Avapishta, servant of Aṭṭamelaka, had, through the favor of the Kaka family, access to the king, and the king accepted his advice (p.49).... (Kāka→Kak)
The patient Tilaka, lord of Kampana, of the family of Kaka, was alone able to pursue him to the peak where he had taken shelter. (p.51).... (Kāka→Kak)
Ananda, lord of Dvara, of the line of Ananta, Kāka and Tilakasimha ; — these three who had once fled from battle were made ministers. (p.61).... (Kāka→Kak)
Shobhaka and other Kashmirians of the celebrated family of Kāka, and Ratna and others were on Bhikshu's side. (p.92)....(Kāka→Kak)
Ananda of the family of Kaka (p.94)... (Kāka→Kak)
In the great battles which took place near Kalyanapura, he put to shame the great warriors Bhikshu, Koshteshvara &c and in the midst of the battle, he captured alive, from amongst Bhikshachara and others, the great, the resplendent hero Sujji of the family of Kaka. (p.108).... (Kāka→Kak)
  • Kakkad: Rajatarangini mentions works done by various chiefs during the reign of king Jayasimha (1128 - 1155 AD) of Kashmir....The chief among the kings made his own matha a specially desirable object. He was without vanity, and gave away in gifts many villages, the principal among which was celebrated as Simhapura by those who knew of his gifts. In this place the son of the daughter of the lord of Kārapatha established a Colony of the twice-born who were going to Sindhu and of the rough out caste people of Dravida who formerly lived at Siddhachchhatra. (p.218-219) (Karapatha → Karaskar → Kakkad)
  • Kaliya: He who is audacious ought to be punished, so thought the lord of Kampana; and he killed the proud and haughty son of Kāliya through some artifice. [p.144] (Kāliya→Kaliya)
At this time Kamaliya and others contracted friendship with one of Sujji's friends, [ Rilhana ], whom Sujji in his pride treated with indifference, although he was worthy of respect. (p.182) (Kamaliya→Kamalia)
Rilhana became the enemy of Sujji, on account of his matrimonial alliance with Kamaliya and others and on account of his own prowess. But through a slight cause, a division arose between Rilhana and Kamaliya and others, and soon the difference increased a hundred-fold. Ulhana, son of Sahadeva, soon incited the naturally proud Rilhana by evil advices which stirred his vanity and inspired him with a spirit of opposition. The king is ungrateful, he tolerates equality between Kamaliya and others and ourselves.(p.183) (Kamaliya→Kamalia)
Koshtaka's younger brother Chatuṣhka was stretched on the ground by Kamaliya and others, men of great strength. (p.207) (Kamaliya→Kamalia)
  • Kand: At the time of Murder of the king Sussala in 1127 AD, They (Rajputs) did not do anything befitting the occasion; they only said " enjoy the fruit of being alone ;" and thus reproached him. They did not take him on horse or on carriage, nor could they burn him, for they fled to save their own lives. Nor was the body placed by any one afterwards on wood and burnt ; each took one of king's horses and fled ; and the soldiers, as they went into villages, were plundered by the Damaras. On the way which was covered with snow, neither sons protected their fathers, nor fathers saved their sons, whether they died or were killed or plundered. There was no warrior who thought of his dignity when menaced by his enemies on the road, and did not cast away his clothes and arms. But three died bravely. They were Lavaraja and Yashoraja, two Brahmanas who were well up in gymnastics, and Kāndaraja. Utpala and others saw from the neighbourhood, the soldiers thus fleeing and they entered the house, cut off the head of the king and took it away. When they had gone to Devasarasa, the headless king, like a murdered thief, became an object of sight to the villagers. Thus in the year 3, in the month of phalguna, on the day of the new moon, was the king killed by treason, at the age of 55 years. (VIII (i), p.115) (Kāndaraja→Kand)
After fighting several battles in which many were killed, the king attacked Lohara with a large army. At the time of crossing the Sindhu, there being no bridge over it, and the leather bags having burst, Kandaraja and others fell into the water and went to the house of Yama. (VIII, p.96) (Kandaraja→Kand)
  • Kantha: Udaya who worked hard, until he fainted, in collecting an army, heard that in the town of Shankaravarmma, Lothana had joined Alankarachakra, and he also heard that Vigraharaja, son of king Sussala, and Bhoja, son of Salhana,had come with Lothana. Then when their insurrection had gained strength, Udaya hurriedly marched in one day over the road which is traversed in many days. The Damara (Alankarachakra), unable to take possession of Kantha with his own party, was at a loss, and on being checked in his movements by Udaya's attack, he fled and took shelter in the fort of Shirahshila, situated on the banks of the Sindhu, where the Madhumati also flowed with its pearl like beauty. (p.223) (Kantha)
When Lothana and others, after escaping with difficulty from Karnata, joined Alankarachakra, the first idea which occurred was that the king would be conquered. It was in vain that with his party he [Alankarachakra] garrisoned Kantha, for the lord of Dvara who came rapidly made a vigorous attack on it. (p.227) (Kantha)
  • Karavira: Among the trees, Karavira alone, owing to the loveliness of its floors, has the dignity of beauty, and the flowers become useful in the worship of the Shivalinga. So among the several ministers of the king, one alone named Bhuṭṭa, younger brother of Jahlu (?), attained, dignified excellence. The offering which he made to Mahadeva the Jyeshtarudra, otherwise called the Bālakeshvara, and set up by Vashishta, was accepted by the god who appeared in person. There he built a town without a defect, named Bhuṭṭapura with maṭhas, religious schools and high buildings. In the capital also he set up a Hara, named Bhuṭṭeshvara, and in the village of Maḍava he excavated a tank named Dharmmavibhramadarpana. (p.217) (Karavira)
  • Kat: Rajatarangini (Book VIII,p.30 ) mentions that Uchchala of Lohara family was killed by a revolt. Raḍḍa became king for a short time in 1111 AD. When Raḍḍa ascended the throne, his powerful and warlike friends and servants prepared themselves for battle. His friends Batta (Baṭṭa), Patta (Paṭṭa) the Tantris fought for a longtime and fell at the principal gate of the palace ; the warriors Katta Suryya &c, also fell there. The king Radda with sword and shield killed many of his enemies in fight within the palace. At times his opponents despaired of victory; but Radda fell in battle after a long struggle and after killing many of his foes. After the minder of his late master Uchchala, Gagga disclaimed wealth and punished Radda, though dead, as befitted a rebel. (p.30) (Katta→Kat). Kaṭṭa (कट्ट) of Rajatarangini becomes Kāt (काट) Jat clan as Jaṭṭa (जट्ट) becomes Jāṭ (जाट).
Kularaja, a commander in the array, and a celebrated athlete, had brothers named Kalyānaraja and others who had fallen like heroes in the field of battle, unmindful of the benefit done to them by king Sussala. Kularaja was anxious to pay off the debt of benefit done to his brothers by Sussala even at the sacrifice of his life. (p.188) (Kularaja→Kulya)
The king of Kashmir did not know any other way of overcoming the troubles except battle, and employed Sanjapala to chastise the powerful Sujji. The king sent Kularaja in the guise of a betol-bearer to Sujji. Kularaja Murdered Sujji, the lord of Kampana. He cut off Sujji's head from his trunk and threw it in the courtyard at their enemies. (pp.185-192) (Kularaja→Kulya)


Rewards to the king's favourites : The king served Sanjapala by making him lord of Kampana, and Kularaja, superintendent of the capital Dhanya and Udaya. (p.195)(Kularaja→Kulya)
Bhihkharaja, a hot-tempered man and son of Kularaja's brother, made a deep cut in the neck of Koshtaka by the menus of a sword, out of devotion to the king. (p.207)
And when the stout Vijjaraja, hot with pride, struck Mallaka, he returned the blow, but both instantly fell on him. When the king appeared in view at the door of the four cornered room, Mallaka left his three antagonists and ran towards the king. At the time when the king was thus singled out, Kularaja ran swiftly in alarm and cut off the speed of Mallaka by cutting him in the bone of the buttocks. (p.208) (Kularaja→Kulya)

L

  • Lak: Sussala understood the signs of the times, and though as yet there was peace, he had misgivings about Garga. He was anxious to come to Kashmira but he first sent Sanjapala. The king had bestowed wealth and Dvara on Lakkaka who with difficulty reached Barahamula. Garga remembered that it was Lakkaka who had attacked him in his house, he came up to him from behind, destroyed his army and plundered both the soldiers and the place Barahamula. Lakkaka fled. Among the dead that lay on the ground and graced it like garland of pearls were the leaders Ruppachuḍa and others. Their character was good and they were born in good families. On the approach of Sanjapala, Lakkaka's fear abated and, helpless as he was, he was brought to Sussala.(p.38-39) (Lakkaka→Lak)
  • Lakha: The king wished to imprison the haughty Lakshaka the charioteer, son of Prayaga's sister, but he escaped and went to Sussala. Then after killing many men, the king entered the capital and gave audience to the citizens who became vexed with him without cause. Even when the king spoke reasonably, the evil-minded citizens silenced him. There is no medicine for those who are bent on rebellion. (p.78)
Lakshaka, the younger brother of Sujji, was taken, bound, and some cruel men, on seeing the king angry, killed him in the court-yard of the palace. Sankata, son of Lakshaka's father's brother, and a worthy man, limped like an actor in the king's court-yard and yielded his life as he should have done. (p.193-194) (Lakshaka→Lakha)
After Kularaja murdered Sujji, there were further disturbances and murders.....The soldiers who were sent by the king of Kashmir, in their fury, killed Sujji's servants, great and small, who displayed befitting valor. Lakshaka, the younger brother of Sujji, was taken, bound, and some cruel men, on seeing the king angry, killed him in the court-yard of the palace. Sankata, son of Lakshaka's father's brother, and a worthy man, limped like an actor in the king's court-yard and yielded his life as he should have done. His mad brother Mummuni, as he entered the house, was, by some wicked men of the line of Vāṇa, killed in his own house. Chitriya, Sujji's wife's brother, born of noble family, was killed by red lead ( poison ). The wounded door-keeper named Sangika was slowly killed and the other dependants of Sujji were killed in different places. (p.193-194) (Lakshaka→Lakha)
  • Lakshmi: With a view to parade his pride, the Pratihara, when sending Sujji to exile, sent his own son to protect Sujji's wealth. It grieved Lakshmaka to find that the Pratihara thought that it rested with him to punish or to favor, so that the Pratihara sent his son as a protector. Lakshmaka returned from Dvara and went to Parnotsa without rising against the king ; and then drove Bhagika from the hills of Lohara. The Pratihara sent Prema, son of the (king's) nurse, to the king, and the king bestowed the possession of Kotta on him. Lakshmaka left Lohara and thereby removed the fear of the king, and spent the fierce summer season at Rajapuri. The king who had under him the Damaras, and could raise or put down the ministers like balls, appointed Lakshmaka at Dvara, in order to set up a rival to Sujji and also for the safety and dignity of his dynasty. Thus the king enviously believed that the valorous Sujji, born in this country and fed from his treasury, would deprive him of his glory. By this appointment at Dvara, Lakshmaka was made uneasy and became an object of ridicule, as he wandered about in the road with men armed with sword. (p.141) (Lakshmaka→Lakshmi)
Lakshmaka was unable to bear Sujji's rivalry, and the king sent messengers to bring Sanjapala from the foreign country. (p.142) (Lakshmaka→Lakshmi)
Lakshmaka kept in check all the Lavanyas (Damaras) who were unfaithful, restless and going astray, and also the lord of Kampana. (p.144) (Lakshmaka→Lakshmi)
Lakshmaka made enquiries of the hostage [Ananda] the brother of the Khasha chiefs wife. He replied that even the lewd woman can control her desire, but who can, when [ Tikka ] is near, control the Khashas ? Lakshmaka then told Ananda to go and prevent the Khashas from acting in a hostile way, and sent him out while the other ministers it laughed. (p.150) (Lakshmaka→Lakshmi)
Lakshmaka urged on him every day that they would gradually collect forces and make a good beginning on the approach of the favorable season of autumn. But neither the king (of , Lohara) nor the other ministers present there accepted the advice, for the latter were deceitful. (p.162) (Lakshmaka→Lakshmi)
The king [of Kashmira] knew how to take advantage of an opportunity; and although poor, he ransomed the old Lakshmaka for thirty-six lakhs [ of the current coin.] When Lakshmaka arrived, the road was strewn with flowers and the people saw the growing prosperity of the king. (p.168-169) (Lakshmaka→Lakshmi)
Lakshmaka invited Sanjapala through his messengers, on account of his enmity with Sujji, and Sanjapala came to the capital. (p.181) (Lakshmaka→Lakshmi)
  • Lalla: When, the king had heard this, he did not delay to send Lalla, minister of Lohara, and Anandabarddhana, the powerful lord of Dvara. The king knew them to be of those who knew the country about Kotta and who were born in that place and who knew the ups and downs of the land, by local indications. (p.160) (Lalla→Lall)
Udaya, lord of Kampana, waited before the king, and then went after the prime minister, the Pratihara. The army consisted of the Rajputs, and the Damara horsemen and was led by ministers, and accompanied by troops who looked terrible in their arms. A part of the force which was within the palace (at Lohara) surrounded a large tract of country and tried to seize the enemy. Lalla , and others remained at Phullapura adjoining Kotta, and made the enemy's soldiers tremble by spreading alarm and dissension among them, and also by skirmishes. (p.161) (Lalla→Lall)
Lalla was also captured by the enemy. With his black face surrounded with white hair, he looked like a monkey in a strange, forest, dumb with sorrow. Somapala took with him Lakshmaka, made over to him by Sujji, and considering that Kashmira had already been subdued, returned to his own kingdom.(p.167) (Lalla→Lall)
  • Lamina: when Sussala became King of Kashmir second time in 1121 AD he faced difficulties. There happened a disaster on the bridge over the Sindhu, king was defeated but Renewal of war continued. It is mentioned that Ananda of the family of Kaka, Loshtasha, Nala and other renowned warriors in the Damara army were killed by the king's (Sussala) soldiers. Lamnā was not brought before the eyes of the severe king, but the king's servants, like Chandalas, killed many people. The remnant of Bhikshu's army ascended the hill of Gopadri in fear, but the king's soldiers surrounded them on all sides and their destruction became imminent. (p.94) (Lamnā→Lamina)
Sujji silently marched with his army towards Padmapura, and when he had arrived near the chasm of Udipapura, the Damaras became aware of him. Sujji disregard the Damaras who plundered his infantry, treasures, arms, &c, and with this cavalry crossed the chasm and reached the place where the horses could move.....On that day Ananta's son, Ananda the great, was killed by the Damaras at Lochanoḍḍāraka while on his march. He did many good acts and could undergo hard labor. [VIII (i)] (Lochanotsa→Lochan)
  • Lotian: the half brothers Loṭhana and Salhana who had been confined by king Sussala in the hill of Lohara, the elder Salhana being dead, the officers of the fort had coronated the younger Lothana on the night succeeding the day on which the king's enemy, the disturber of the realm, Bhikshachara had died. That Lothana had been asked to come out of the prison and take possession of the treasury with his sons and nephews, five in all, proud and worthy of the kingdom. (p.157-158) (Lothana→Lotian)
About this time the Kashmirians sent instructions to the people of Kotta in order to inspire confidence in them. The king was then in reduced circumstances ; and according to these instructions, the numerous inhabitants of Kotta wrote secret letters and came into an understanding with the wife of (Lothanasimha) whom they had decided to anoint. And after the fort had been examined and the men [ who were in confinement ] had been set free at night, Lothanasimha was released from confinement and was anointed king before the temple of Vishnu, named Rajasvami. The wicked woman, Sharat, widow of king Sussala, directed these men.[p.159] (Lothanasimha→Lotian)
The inhabitants of Kotta passed the night without sleep on account of the sounds of drum and trumpet, and Lothana appeared almost as a king. He was never seen before in such noble dress and the people beheld him with surprise. He was also honored with illuminations caused by the king's ministers. [p.160] (Lothana→Lotian)
Sussala had received many services from Lothana ; but Shura, the king of many lands, to whom Sussala had given his daughter Padmalekha in marriage, came to the help of the king (of Kashmira,] and Shura's soldiers consequently attacked the soldiers of the enemy. When they had besieged the country, Lothana's heart wavered through fear, and he thought of submitting to the king, and to the punishment he would award. (p.161-162) (Lothana→Lotian)
Frightened by the troubles which raged at Lohara, Sujji became anxious and very much grieved. He said to the rebels one day that he would cause peace to be established between them and the king and Lothana through the king's envoy, and that he would induce Lothana to pay some gold to them by speaking to Somapala.(p.163) (Lothana→Lotian)
Somapala who had asked for a large sum of money was told by Lothana that he would rather pay tribute to Jayasimha, the principal enemy, and the proudest of the proud. (p.164) (Lothana→Lotian)
At Lohara, people from various countries, and even from Kashmira went to the palace-gate, so that it became crowded. Thus it was by a happy chance that Lothana obtained the Meeting Royal Fortune, and became as full of splendour as the god of wealth. The sons of Lothana's brother and the sons of his servants did not share Lothana's physical and mental infirmities, and were not deprived of enjoyments. The actions of the rich king Lothana who did not bestow charity on the undeserving and was not niggardly to the deserving, lacked energy owing to his old age.(p.168) (Lothana→Lotian)
Within about a month, after he had obtained greatness, Lothana's only son named Dilha died; and Lothana's beloved wife, Malla died sorrowing for her only son, pierced with grief and despair. On the death of his most beloved wife and of his worthy son, Lothana did not pay attention to the affairs of the kingdom. (p.168) (Lothana→Lotian)
Sujji whose avarice had destroyed his dexterity in all business, now threw off his disguise and became the minister of king Lothana. He bestowed on king Lothana, the daughter of Bhagika and removed the mistrust which existed between him and Lothana, and also soothed the grief caused by the death of his beloved ones. The able Sujji requested king Padmaratha, and brought Padmaratha's daughter named Somaladevi for marriage with Lothana. (p.169) (Lothana→Lotian)
On the other hand, the wise king Jayasimha, within a short time, deceived Lothana, as he had deceived Prema. (p.170) (Lothana→Lotian)
Afraid of the son of Sussala (Mallarjjuna) who was imprisoned, Lothana made Vigraharaja accept the office of the Pratihara. (p.170) (Lothana→Lotian)
Through the labors of Sujji, the kingdom became stable, and for a few months Lothana could discard Shura, and was able, without fear, to engage himself in his own work. When Sujji heard that the mother of the unmarried daughter of Padmaratha, whom he had invited for marriage of her daughter with Lothana, had arrived with great pomp, he went to Darpitapura to receive her men. At this unguarded time Mallarjjuna was released from prison by Majika and others, and was unanimously anointed king of the kingdom of Kotta by them and by the Thakkuras who had been brought to the place before. They opposed the entrance into the fort, of the, servants of Jayasimha who had approached the castle gate and were wishing to get into it. (Lothana→Lotian)
In the year 6 (=1130 AD), on the thirteenth day of the bright moon, in the month of Phalguna, Lothana was deprived of his kingdom, as speedily as he had obtained it. (p.171) (Lothana→Lotian)
Lothana entered Kramarajya at the request of the Damara named Rajaraja, and in order to obtain the kingdom of Kashmira. But when he arrived there, the Lavanya who was near him was killed by Chitraratha; whereupon he returned to Bapyanila. Lothana repeatedly attacked Mallarjjuna, so that the latter was unable to lay siege to Attalika and he resided at Kotta. Koshteshvara caused much wealth to be given by the nephew [Mallarjjuna] to the uncle [Lothana] and established peace between them. When peace was established at Lohara, Koshteshvara, with a view to fight with the king [ Jajasimha,] took Lothana with him and fell on Kashmira. (p.176) (Lothana→Lotian)
Lothana now forcibly ruled the country which Koshtaka had obtained and which was under Uchchala and others. (p.195) (Lothana→Lotian)

M

  • Madhu: The eager people looked on Bhikshu but he came so fast that his approach could not be marked, and he walked before the enemies. Kumariya of royal blood, grandson of Madhu, and Raktika, elder brother of Jyeshthapala, followed him. [p.153] (Madhu→Madhu)
  • Madwa: Either on account of destiny or on account of his haughtiness, Sujji became ungovernable and committed many censurable acts according to his pleasure. While he was in the Māḍava kingdom, a Brahmana, who had been plundered by his followers, spoke harsh words in anger. Sujji killed him by a dart. (p.182) (Māḍava→Madwa)
The Brahmanas of Māḍava said that they did not wish that Sujji should obtain possession of the kingdom of Kampana ; and they remained without food. (p.184) (Māḍava→Madwa)
  • Majoka: The powerful and wise Majika and others came from Lothana, and having obtained from Somapala a promise to give them what they would ask, begged him for the delivery of the Pratihara for a large amount of gold.[p.167] (Majika→Majoka)
Dāraka and others frightened Majika with rumours which might have been true or false, of some harm from king Lothana. (p.170) (Majika→Majoka)
When the dependants of king Jayasimha, who had been invited before, arrived, Majika reproached them and made king Mallarjjuna supreme in the country. (p.171) (Majika→Majoka)
At this opportunity the king (Jayasimha) thought of destroying Majika his principal minister and father- in-law. Majika had bestowed his daughter on the king. Majika was young and lustful, and the king believed that it was well known that he was the paramour of the king's mother. At the time when Majika was taking his meals, he was, at the instigation of the king, killed by the Tikshnas who were provided with arms.(p.178) (Majika→Majoka)
And when the stout Vijjaraja, hot with pride, struck Mallaka, he returned the blow, but both instantly fell on him. When the king appeared in view at the door of the four cornered room, Mallaka left his three antagonists and ran towards the king. At the time when the king was thus singled out, Kularaja ran swiftly in alarm and cut off the speed of Mallaka by cutting him in the bone of the buttocks. (p.208) (Mallaka→Malla)

N

  • Naga: At the time of Murder of the king Sussala in 1127 AD, When the rebels went out of the house, they killed the powerful Nāgaka, a servant of the king, who with drawn sword was entering the door. (Nāgaka→Naga)
In 1127 AD King of Kashmir Sussala was murdered and Sussala's head brought to Bhikshu. Bhikshu lost his sense of right and wrong, on account of his inhumanity. He sent the head of the late king to Rajapuri. Nagapala who lived in friendship with his brother could not brook the insult offered to the bead of his benefactor ; and farsighted men apprehended defeat from the Kashmirians and advised Nagapala to perform the last rites to his master's head. (p.125-126)(Nagapala→ Naga)
Somapala, driven by his son named Bhupala and grieved at the faction which prevailed for a long time in his own kingdom, went to the king of Kashmira and sought his protection. The king who loved those who asked for his shelter, promised safety to Somapala and also to Nagapala who had given away his wealth to his two sons. The king, whose character was ennobled by real magnanimity, did not at this time of danger resent the crafty conduct of Somapala who was the cause of calamity to a great kingdom. But in order to help Nagapala, the king gave him his own army, crushed the pride of his enemies and re-established the stability of the kingdom. (p.197) (Nagapala→Naga)
  • Nila - Nila and others, sons of Viḍāla, born of the family of Bhāvuka, of the royal blood and of his own country, helped Sussala in facing the enemies in 1121 AD. (p.92) (Nila→Nil)
  • Noon - When Garga went to Visharākuta in Mandala, the king caused Sadda, Hamsaratha and Nonaratha to be brought to him by messengers. The wicked king tortured them by sparks of fire and points of needle and left them all but dead. (p.38) (Nonaratha→Noon)
At the time of Murder of the king Sussala in 1127 AD, Sahajapala, the ornament of the line of Bhavuka, of superior prowess among the spiritless servants of the king, ran with sword and shield ; and when the rebels saw him, they went out by a side way. But this powerful man was wounded by their servants, and he fell on the ground. The shame of the Rajpoots was washed by his blood. The learned Nona went before them, and though a native of the country, resembled the Rajpoots in person, and so they mistook him for Rajpoot and killed him.(p.114) (Nona→Noon)

O

P

  • Parihar: When the powerful lord of Kampana entered the capital, Induraja with his followers left Tikka and came thither. The king made Chitraratha, Shriva, Bhāsa and others lords of Pādāgra, Dvara and Kheri ; even Sujji who had not given up the duty entrusted to him had to wait on the pleasure of the Pratihara, what shall I say of other ministers ! The Pratihara who was in the confidence of the Damaras created dissensions among the parties, and was an object of regard of the king. There was not one among the enemies who at the bidding of the Pratihara did not come or wish to come under the protection of the king. The wily king who was ill at ease did not even take his meals but at the desire of the Pratihara. Thus the Pratihara became powerful in the capital ; but his policy which had well nigh succeeded was defeated. (p.127) (Pratihara→Parihar)
The king loved the Pratihara, and the king's parasites therefore thought it a great favor if they could gain entrance within the Pratihara's door. (p.132)(Pratihara→Parihar)
But the Pratihara could not brook the advancement of other ministers, as the esha herb cannot bear the growth of trees by its side ; and he rooted out all the ministers except Janakasimha, like grass. ([p.135) (Pratihara→Parihar)
Both Janakasimha and the Pratihara became very haughty in the reign of this king, as they were both of the same age with the king and were well known to the queen-mother.([p.135) (Pratihara→Parihar)
The enemies of Janakasimha and of the Pratihara biased the king against them and against all their party ; and made them appear in the eyes of the king, as a portrait of envy drawn on the wall. ([p.135) (Pratihara→Parihar)
The first minister, the Pratihara, unable to bear the pride of Sujji, began to find some pretext against him. Now at this time, the elder brother of Dhanya had purified himself by bathing in the Ganges, and returned to this country, and came to the king when he was walking alone. (p.138) (Pratihara→Parihar)
The Pratihara got hold of this pretext against Sujji and thus told the king : — " Now that you are in this condition, Sujji with his son, is today constantly holding council with Panchachandra and others with the purpose of rising against you." (p.138) (Pratihara→Parihar)
The Pratihara, himself came and brought the daughter [ of the king of Kashmira ] to the frontier province for marriage with the king of Rajapuri (Somapala). Somapala married the king's daughter named Ambāputrika, born of the great queen Kalpanika. When this marriage was over, the wise Pratihara married Somapala's sister's daughter named Nagalekha to the king. When this marriage was over, the wise Pratihara married Somapala's sister's daughter named Nagalekha to the king.[p.143] (Pratihara→Parihar)
Udaya, lord of Kampana, waited before the king, and then went after the prime minister, the Pratihara. The army consisted of the Rajputs, and the Damara horsemen and was led by ministers, and accompanied by troops who looked terrible in their arms. A part of the force which was within the palace (at Lohara) surrounded a large tract of country and tried to seize the enemy. Lalla , and others remained at Phullapura adjoining Kotta, and made the enemy's soldiers tremble by spreading alarm and dissension among them, and also by skirmishes. (p.161) (Pratihara→Parihar)
The Pratihara was seen by some of the enemy's soldiers riding on the shoulder of his servant who was unable to run fast. The soldiers determined to seize him, and pursued him with all their might. He was without clothes and his gold ear-rings and arm-rings glittered in the sun. The servant wounded by a stone let fall his master from his shoulder and he was out by a rock. He lay without moving or speaking and was taken up by the soldiers who soon came up to him. He became, like a sharika ( a bird ) that feels miserable and languishes when newly caught and while the moisture is yet in her throat. He could hardly cast his eye on the enemies. He thought that after he fell into the hands of the enemy, Sujji would subject him to still greater ndignities. Shorn of wealth and fame and having only his upper garment on him and without even the power to move he was borne on the shoulders by the troopers who shouted and laughed in derision. Thus he was conveyed to Sujji. That kind hearted man covered his face and enquired why he was not honored like a great king, and gave him his own clothes to dress. Sujji consoled him with mild words, clothed him and placed him on a horse and thus comforted him. (p.166) (Pratihara→Parihar)
Afraid of the son of Sussala (Mallarjjuna) who was imprisoned, Lothana made Vigraharaja accept the office of the Pratihara. (p.170) (Pratihara→Parihar)
Meanwhile tie Pratihara died without illness. (p.176) (Pratihara→Parihar)
  • Pat: Raḍḍa clad in armour and holding the sword and besmeared in blood stepped towards the throne as an evil spirit steps on the stones of the burning ground. When he ascended the throne, his powerful and warlike friends and servants prepared themselves for battle. His friends Batta (Baṭṭa), Patta (Paṭṭa) the Tantris fought for a longtime and fell at the principal gate of the palace ; the warriors Katta Suryya &c, also fell there. The king Radda with sword and shield killed many of his enemies in fight within the palace. At times his opponents despaired of victory; but Radda fell in battle after a long struggle and after killing many of his foes. After the minder of his late master Uchchala, Gagga disclaimed wealth and punished Radda, though dead, as befitted a rebel. (p.30) (Patta→Pat)
At this time, in the mouth of Shravana, the grateful king went to Vijayeshvara to welcome the victorious lord of Kampana. In the meantime Utpala who was coming from Pinchadeva at Shurapura was murdered by the lord of Dranga in a mountain cavern. He was returning from Pushpananada in order to serve Pinchadeva, when he was found out by the lord of Dranga who was secretly looking out for him. But the lord of Dranga was thrown on the ground and was on the point of death. His knee was pierced with arrow. He killed a soldier of the enemy's party whom he found by him. (p.136)....(Pinchadeva→Pichkya)
On the other hand, the wise king Jayasimha, within a short time, deceived Lothana, as he had deceived Prema. (p.170) (Prema→Premi)

Q

R

  • Rahir: At the time of Murder of the king Sussala the king said in anger that he who remains here is a traitor. Only two remained there, the betel-bearer, an old man, and the learned Rahila, the minister for peace and war. At this time Aghadeva and Nishtavaishya, two spies of Tikka, came from him not knowing what Utpala was about. (p.112) (Rahila→Rahir)

S

The king Uchchala (b.1070,r.1101–1111) of Lohara family was pleased with the services of Bhogasena and though he was without follower or a house, the king made him the governor of the Rajasthana (palace). He had seen Bhogasena's valor in the battle on the day of Indradvadashi when Gaggachandra, though he had a large army under him, fled from the engagement. The king raised Saḍḍa, Chchhaḍḍa and Byaḍḍasa, sons of Sadda, a common soldier, to the post of ministers. (p.16-17) (Saḍḍa→Sadh, Chchhaḍḍa→ Chad, Byaḍḍasa→ Bajad)
When Garga went to Visharākuta in Mandala, the king caused Sadda, Hamsaratha and Nonaratha to be brought to him by messengers. The wicked king tortured them by sparks of fire and points of needle and left them all but dead. (p.38)
  • Sahel: The weak king was anxious to come to terms with Garga and for that purpose the great Sahela went to Lohara as a messenger. With difficulty Garga was made to promise to bestow his daughter on the king. Peace was then established with Sussala, but the proposed alliance although asked for was never made. (p.38) (Sahela→Sahel)
When Sanjapala who was approaching Kashmira to attack it was yet at a distance, the king was induced by the citizens and the Damaras to go and meet him. Sahelaka left Salhana promising to establish peace between him and Sussala. (p.39) (Sahelaka→Sahel)
The corpse of the late king Sussala was impiously guarded [against cremation] by the Lavanya guards attached to Bhikshu. Sajjaka, a warrior, who lived in the city, thought of the corpse of his late master which had fallen into the hands of the enemy, and moved by gratitude, he came to Vashtuka, on the pretext of seeing the body. (p.125) (Sajjaka→Saj)
The soldiers who were sent by the king of Kashmir, in their fury, killed Sujji's servants, great and small, who displayed befitting valor. Lakshaka, the younger brother of Sujji, was taken, bound, and some cruel men, on seeing the king angry, killed him in the court-yard of the palace. Sankata, son of Lakshaka's father's brother, and a worthy man, limped like an actor in the king's court-yard and yielded his life as he should have done. His mad brother Mummuni, as he entered the house, was, by some wicked men of the line of Vāṇa, killed in his own house. Chitriya, Sujji's wife's brother, born of noble family, was killed by red lead ( poison ). The wounded door-keeper named Sangika was slowly killed and the other dependants of Sujji were killed in different places. (p.193-194) (Sangika→Sangi)
Encouraged to do good works by the virtues of the king who began many sacred works, the Rajaviji Sangiya, younger brother of Kamaliya, built a temple after his own name. He was born in the family of those Kshetriyas whose only occupation was to engage themselves in battle after drink, and who, when the Turashkas entered the country, and there were numerous enemies, learned nothing but cruelty for the preservation of the native land. It was at the time when king Sussala was engaged in war that they took advantage of the discord to come into Kashmira, according to their custom. Men learn wisdom at the Vāṇalinga, set up by Sangiya, on the banks of the Vitasta, even like those who have obtained salvation on the banks of the Ganges. The sight of his matha graced with devotees satiates the curiosity to see the heaven of Mahadeva. (p.310) (Sangiya→Sangi)
Sanjapala, who had arrived at that place of disturbance, was speedily sent by the king to destroy Rilhana and Ulhana. Rilhana apprehended that Sanjapala had fled from the road ; and arrived after wandering about the banks of the Kshiptika. (p.192) (Kshiptika→Sepat)
Bhaṅgileya and other Damaras meditated an attack on the town of Shankaravarmma from the Kshiptika to the Samala. Trillaka and others calculated that they would reach the banks of the great river, and that the Damaras of Nilashva would commence hostility outside the town. (p.289)
  • Shakya:At the time of Murder of the king Sussala in 1127 AD, A servant of the king, Trailokya, of the dynasty of Shakyapala, who remonstrated against this treason, was killed by Tikkaka and others who were at the door. (p.114-115) (Shakyapala→Shakya)
  • Shura: Sussala had received many services from Lothana ; but Shura, the king of many lands, to whom Sussala had given his daughter Padmalekha in marriage, came to the help of the king (of Kashmira,] and Shura's soldiers consequently attacked the soldiers of the enemy. When they had besieged the country, Lothana's heart wavered through fear, and he thought of submitting to the king, and to the punishment he would award. (p.161-162) (Shura→Shura)
Koshtaka imprisoned the chiefs of the several departments of government, and, like a king,- collected rent from the subjects in Dranga, in his own name, and left no money in Sindhu. (p.178) (Sindhu→Sindhu)
At this opportunity the king [Jayasimha] brought over the fiery-tempered Sujji to his side, with the view that Mallarjjuna might not get his assistance. The king displayed a great power for seasonable artifice, both at the time of exiling Sujji from his service and at the time of bringing him over to his side. (p.175) (Sujji→Sujal)
Murder of a Brahmana by Sujji: Either on account of destiny or on account of his haughtiness, Sujji became ungovernable and committed many censurable acts according to his pleasure. While he was in the Māḍava kingdom, a Brahmana, who had been plundered by his followers, spoke harsh words in anger. Sujji killed him by a dart, as one kills a jackal. By this deed he irritated the people who collected outside the town, and the people within the town were also estranged from him on account of this terrible act. (p.182) (Sujji→Sujal)
The king of Kashmir did not know any other way of overcoming the troubles except battle, and employed Sanjapala to chastise the powerful Sujji. The king sent Kularaja in the guise of a betol-bearer to Sujji. Kularaja Murdered Sujji, the lord of Kampana. He cut off Sujji's head from his trunk and threw it in the courtyard at their enemies. (pp.185-192) (Sujji→Sujal)
After Kularaja murdered Sujji, there were further disturbances and murders.....The soldiers who were sent by the king of Kashmir, in their fury, killed Sujji's servants, great and small, who displayed befitting valor. Lakshaka, the younger brother of Sujji, was taken, bound, and some cruel men, on seeing the king angry, killed him in the court-yard of the palace. Sankata, son of Lakshaka's father's brother, and a worthy man, limped like an actor in the king's court-yard and yielded his life as he should have done. His mad brother Mummuni, as he entered the house, was, by some wicked men of the line of Vāṇa, killed in his own house. Chitriya, Sujji's wife's brother, born of noble family, was killed by red lead ( poison ). The wounded door-keeper named Sangika was slowly killed and the other dependants of Sujji were killed in different places. .... And then, Sajjala son of Sujji, Shvetika, son of Sujji's elder brother, and the son of Ulhana were thrown into prison with him. Thus when the king and the minister were under the influence of the wicked, this commotion happened in the year 9 (=1133 AD), on the fifth bright lunar day of summer. (p.193-194) (Sujji→Sujal)

T

  • Tikaria: The powerful Vijaya made common cause with his kinsman Tikkā and surrounded the royal army that was stationed at Sthāma.(p.57) (Tikkā→Tikaria)
In a village known by the name of Sāhya, near Kugrāma, there lived the son of one Sthānaka, a keeper of asses. In his younger years he was brought up in tending animals and was taught in arms with the Damara boys, and he gradually became a constant attendant of Tikka. From the year 1, Utpala, — such was his name, was employed as messenger, and became the confidant of the king who was then trying to create a division among his enemies. The king told him to murder Tikka and Bhikshachara, and promised to give him wealth and the house belonging to Tikka. (p.106) (Tikkā→Tikaria)
At the time of Murder of the king Sussala in 1127 AD, the king said in anger that he who remains here is a traitor. Only two remained there, the betel-bearer, an old man, and the learned Rahila, the minister for peace and war. At this time Aghadeva and Nishtavaishya, two spies of Tikka, came from him not knowing what Utpala was about. (p.112).... (Tikkā→Tikaria)
At the time of Murder of the king Sussala in 1127 AD, When this disturbance was raised in the inner apartments, the rebellion's and armed Tikkaka and others who were in the outer apartments commenced plundering.(p.113).... (Tikkaka→Tikaria)
In 1127 king Sussala was murdered. ....Induraja, a commander in the army, born of the line of Kularaja was also surrounded by the same Damaras ; but by some pretext Induraja obtained the protection of Tikka at Dhyānoddāra. Pinchadeva and many other leaders of the army were besieged by the Damaras and they left Kramarajya.(p.123).... (Tikka→Tikaria)
In 1127 AD King of Kashmir Sussala was murdered and Sussala's head brought to Bhikshu. Tikka and others loitered on their way to the capital via Avantipura, in order to destroy Bhāsa and others who had been besieged before. But they could not overcome the besieged by fight or by throwing stones or by fire or sword. Protected by the thick stone wall of the temple, the besieged killed the besiegers who could neither stay there nor flee from that place. In this opportunity caused by tho enemy's delay, the wise king brought over the Damaras of Khaṇḍūvī to his side by riches. He then sent without delay Sujji with Panchachandra and others who took money from him, for the relief of Bhasa and his party. But before Sujji arrived at Avantipura, Tikka and others had raised the siege, as soon as they saw the son of Kayya and others in the vanguard. Bhasa and his party issued out of the temple, pursued the flying enemies and killed them, and came back to Sujji. (p.126-127) (Tikka→Tikaria)
After murder of Sussala in 1127 AD ....Sujjj entered Devasarasa and set up Jayaraja and Yashoraja, principal men among the sons (clan) of Bhojaka, in place of Tikka. Owing to the sharp pursuit made by Sujji, Bhikshu and others were dispersed, and they went to Shurapura. (p.130) (Tikka→Tikaria)
Kottesha killed Tikka in a village named Gandharvvana and sent his head to the king on the other side of the river. (p.195) (Tikka→Tikaria)

U

Udaya:queen Didda's brother, Book VI (p.162) (Udaya→Uday)
When Sussala became king of Kashmir second time in 1121 AD he had to face defeat but continued the renewal of war. .... Although the king Sussala's army was destroyed, yet with twenty or thirty men of the royal blood and of his own country, Sussala faced the enemies. Udaya and Dhanyaka, Kshatriyas, born of Ichchhita family, of the royal blood and of his own country, helped Sussala in facing the enemies in 1121 AD. (p.92-93) (Udaya→Uday)
Udaya, lord of Kampana, waited before the king, and then went after the prime minister, the Pratihara. The army consisted of the Rajputs, and the Damara horsemen and was led by ministers, and accompanied by troops who looked terrible in their arms. A part of the force which was within the palace (at Lohara) surrounded a large tract of country and tried to seize the enemy. Lalla , and others remained at Phullapura adjoining Kotta, and made the enemy's soldiers tremble by spreading alarm and dissension among them, and also by skirmishes. (p.161) (Udaya→Uday)
The king then consulted Udaya, lord of Dvara, who had acquired much wisdom, and again planned for the subjection of his enemies.(p.174) (Udaya→Uday)
Rilhana discarded the friendship of Udaya and Dhanya for the benefit of his master and behaved as their enemy. (175) (Udaya→Uday)
Udaya, lord of Kampana, reduced Kāpila, Harṣhaṭa and Kotta under the province of Mandala. (p.179) (Udaya→Uday)
Rewards to the king's favourites : The king served Sanjapala by making him lord of Kampana, and Kularaja, superintendent of the capital Dhanya and Udaya. (p.195) (Udaya→Uday)
The very wise king Jayasimha had sent Udaya, lord of Dvara, to Jaggika who had placed guards far and near in order to seize [Mallarjjuna] who had once been captured. (p.203) (Udaya→Uday)
The king Jayasimha again bestowed on Udaya, the province of Dvara which Udaya had long possessed. (p.210) (Udaya→Uday)
The Brahmana village and the edifices built by Dhanya did not fulfill the purpose for which they were raised. How can fame be obtained, without virtue ? In the like manner, the religious edifices built by Udaya lord of Kampana, in the villages of the Brahamanas, and named after him, served no useful purpose except that they went by his name. (p.216) (Udaya→Uday)
Udaya, lord of Dvara, with the help of the Gaṇa sect of Brahmapuri, built a beautiful religious edifice in which the lotus tank looked beautiful. (p.216) (Udaya→Uday)
  • Ulha - :Rilhana became the enemy of Sujji, on account of his matrimonial alliance with Kamaliya and others and on account of his own prowess. But through a slight cause, a division arose between Rilhana and Kamaliya and others, and soon the difference increased a hundred-fold. Ulhana, son of Sahadeva, soon incited the naturally proud Rilhana by evil advices which stirred his vanity and inspired him with a spirit of opposition. The king is ungrateful, he tolerates equality between Kamaliya and others and ourselves.(p.183) (Ulhana→Ulha)
Sujji consulted the king and became desirous of reconciling Rilhana with the sovereign. But Sanjapala, who along with Sujji had devoured the king's treasures, thus spoke to the king : — " ! King ! It is at the instigation of Ulhana and others and through his own pride that Sujji is holding up his head. (p.185) (Ulhana→Ulha)
[[[Sanjapala]] further says that you are desirous that Ulhana, lord of Dvara, should have supreme power in strengthening the kingdom, and that Sujji should be allowed full powers in dealing with Rilhana.(p.186) (Ulhana→Ulha)
Sanjapala, who had arrived at that place of disturbance, was speedily sent by the king to destroy Rilhana and Ulhana. Rilhana apprehended that Sanjapala had fled from the road ; and arrived after wandering about the banks of the Kshiptika. (p.192) (Ulhana→Ulha)
After Kularaja murdered Sujji, there were further disturbances and murders.....The soldiers who were sent by the king of Kashmir, in their fury, killed Sujji's servants, great and small, who displayed befitting valor. ....Sajjala son of Sujji, Shvetika, son of Sujji's elder brother, and the son of Ulhana were thrown into prison with him. Thus when the king and the minister were under the influence of the wicked, this commotion happened in the year 9 (=1133 AD), on the fifth bright lunar day of summer. (p.193-194) (Ulhana→Ulha)
  • Utpala: In a village known by the name of Sāhya, near Kugrāma, there lived the son of one Sthānaka, a keeper of asses. In his younger years he was brought up in tending animals and was taught in arms with the Damara boys, and he gradually became a constant attendant of Tikka. From the year 1, Utpala, — such was his name, was employed as messenger, and became the confidant of the king who was then trying to create a division among his enemies. The king told him to murder Tikka and Bhikshachara, and promised to give him wealth and the house belonging to Tikka. Utpala too promised to commit the crime, and the king bestowed on him large gifts and the title of Ganjapati. (p.106-107) (Utpala→Utpal)

V

  • Van: And who can count how many Yama, Ela, Abhaya, Vana &c, were made lords of Dvara and other places, and whose prosperity lasted but for short periods. (p.17)
The admirable Shringarasimha, of the family of Vāna, as he rode on his horse, warded off the blows which were directed against the king Sussala of Kashmir, and in that act he died. (p.45)
The soldiers who were sent by the king of Kashmir, in their fury, killed Sujji's servants, great and small, who displayed befitting valor. Lakshaka, the younger brother of Sujji, was taken, bound, and some cruel men, on seeing the king angry, killed him in the court-yard of the palace. Sankata, son of Lakshaka's father's brother, and a worthy man, limped like an actor in the king's court-yard and yielded his life as he should have done. His mad brother Mummuni, as he entered the house, was, by some wicked men of the line of Vāṇa, killed in his own house. Chitriya, Sujji's wife's brother, born of noble family, was killed by red lead ( poison ). The wounded door-keeper named Sangika was slowly killed and the other dependants of Sujji were killed in different places. (p.193-194) (Vāṇa→Van)


  • Vijhi: And when the stout Vijjaraja, hot with pride, struck Mallaka, he returned the blow, but both instantly fell on him. When the king appeared in view at the door of the four cornered room, Mallaka left his three antagonists and ran towards the king. At the time when the king was thus singled out, Kularaja ran swiftly in alarm and cut off the speed of Mallaka by cutting him in the bone of the buttocks. (p.208) (Vijjaraja→Vijhi)

W

X

Y

Z

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kings of Kashmira Vol 2 (Rajatarangini of Kalhana)/Book VIII,p.76
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