Muzaffarnagar
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R), Jaipur |
Muzaffarnagar (Hindi: मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर, Urdu: مظفر نگر) is a medium-sized city, headquarters of the Muzaffarnagar district, in the western part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. According to the 2001 census it has a metropolitan population of 331,403.
Variants
- Mujaffarnagar ( मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर)
Location
Tahsils & Blocks in Muzaffarnagar district
Tahsils in Muzaffarnagar district are:
- Budhana
- Jansath
- Khatauli (Newly created )
- Muzaffarnagar
Blocks
The district is divided into 9 blocks, these are[1]:
| Sr. No. | Block Name |
|---|---|
| 1 | Muzaffarnagar (मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर) |
| 2 | Budhana (बुढ़ाना) |
| 3 | Baghra (बघरा) |
| 4 | Shahpur (शाहपुर) |
| 5 | Purquazi (पुरकाजी) |
| 6 | Charthawal (चरथावल) |
| 7 | Morna (मोरना) |
| 8 | Jansath (जानसठ) |
| 9 | Khatauli (खतौली) |
Villages in Muzaffarnagar Tahsil
Abdul Pur, Aiki, Akbagarh, Akhlor, Alamgirpur, Ali Pura, Alipur Kalan, Alipurkhurd, Almaspur, Almawala, Amirnagar, Arnaich, Atali, Azizpur, Badh, Badhai Kalan, Badhai Khurd, Badheri, Badhiwala, Badhiwala, Baghra, Bagowali, Bagumpur, Bahadarpur, Baikunthpur, Bajheri, Balwakheri, Bamanheri, Bannagar, Barkali, Barla, Barwala, Basera, Behari, Beheri, Bhadola, Bhadoli, Bhainser Heri, Bhainsliwala, Bhaisani, Bhamela, Bhandura, Bhikki, Bhohjhaheri, Bhuraheri, Bibipur, Bijopura, Bilaspur, Biralsa, Biralsi, Bitaoda, Buchha, Budhakhera, Budina Kalan, Budinakhurd, Chamrawala, Chandan, Chandpur, Charthaval (NP), Charthawal Rural, Chhapar, Chhapra, Chhetela, Chhmau, Chokra, Chroli, Dadheru Khurd, Dadherukalan, Dadupur, Damaatpatti, Datiyana, Dehchand, Desalpur, Dhamat, Dhandhera, Dhansani, Dhindhawali, Dholara, Dholari, Dhudhli, Didaheri, Doheli, Farakhpur, Faridpur, Foloda, Garhi Durganpur, Ghisukhera, Ghumawti, Godhna, Gujarheri, Gunyazuddi, Gyanamazra, Haibatpur, Haider Nagar Jalalpur, Harenti, Harnaki, Harsoli, Husainpur, Jafarpur, Jagaheri, Jamalpur, Jaroda Nara, Jasoi, Jatmajhra, Jatnagla, Jhabarpur, Jindawala, Kabirpur, Kacholi, Kailanpur Jalalpur, Kallarpur, Kamhera, Kanahheri, Karwara, Kasampur, Kasiara, Kasoli, Kayampur, Kazi Khera, Khaikheri, Khampur, Khanjahanpur, Khatola, Khera Gadai, Kheri Duda Dhari, Kheriwiran, Kherki, Khindiya, Khojanagla, Khudda, Kinauni, Kolaheri, Kukra, Kulheri, Kusropur, Kutabpur, Kutba, Kutbi, Kutesra, Lachhera, Ladwa, Lakhan, Lakhnoti, Lalu Kheri, Luhari, Madpur, Mahmood Pura Lakarsandha, Mahraipur, Makhyali, Makundpur, Malira, Mandaur Mandhera, Mandi, Mandla, Manganpur, Marakpur, Megha, Meghakheri, Mimlana, Mirapur, Mirzapur Urf Shahananpur, Mohammadpur Madan, Mohbalipur, Molaheri, Mustafabad, Muthra, Muzaffarnagar (MB), Nagala Pithora, Nagla Rai, Naglamehrdad, Naiamu, Nairana, Nanupur, Nara, Narottampur, Nasirpur, Nasirpur, Nasrullapur, Nauna, Nirdhna, Nirmana, Nirmani, Niwada, Nuna Khera, Nurnagar, Pachenda Kalan, Pachenda Khurd, Panchli, Parai, Pawti, Pilakhni, Pinna, Pipalhera, Pipalshah, Pur Kazi Rural, Purquazi (NP), Raee, Rampur, Rasul Pur, Ratheri, Razkallapur, Retanagla, Rohana Kalan, Rohana Khurd, Roniharji Pur, Rukanpur, Sadpur, Sahaoli, Saidnagala, Saidpur Kalan, Saidpur Khurd, Salah Kheri, Salajuddi, Salempur, Salempur Purquazi, Samarthi, Sandhawali, Sanjhak, Sarwat, Seemli, Shahbudinpur, Shahdara, Shajhahanpur Urf Radawli, Shakarpur, Shernagar, Sherpur, Sherpur, Sikandarpur, Sikhreda, Simbhalki, Singalpur, Sisona, Sonhjani, Suaheri, Suheli, Sujru, Tajelhera, Tajpur, Tanda, Tawli, Tigri, Tikola, Tissa, Titavi, Tugalakpur, Udyawali, Wahalna, Yusufpur,
History
Muzaffarnagar's early medieval history is obscure till the Indo-Mughal period. Timur's army had marched to Delhi through this region in 1399; its people fought it unsuccessfully. In Mughal Emperor Akbar's time, most of the Muzaffarnagar district region, called Sarwat then under the Mahal control of Taga / Tyagi brahmans of Sarvat village, belonged to the sarkar (circle) of Saharanpur. Akbar bestowed pargana of Sarwat on Sayyed Mahmud Khan Barha which remained with his descendants up to the 17th century. After killing Peer Khan Lodi styled as Khan Jahan lodi, Shahjahan bestowed title of deceased Peer Khan Lodhi and Pargana of Sarwat on Sayyed Muzaffar Khan Barha, whose son Munawwar Lashkar Khan Barha established the city and named it Muzaffarnagar in honour of his father, and Sarwat also became Muzaffarnagar.[2]
In pages of history and revenue records Sarvat was known as pargana which was given as Jagir to one of the chieftains named Saiyed Muzaffarkhan by emperor Shahjahan. He founded the city of Muzaffarnagar in 1633 with lands of Khera & Sujru. His project was completed by his son Munawar Lashkar Khan who in turn named the city after his father Muzaffarkhan.
But recent finding of archeological site at village Mandi (Tehsil Sadar) in west of river Kali takes the roots of district Muzaffarnagar to Harappan civilization. Hordes of gold ring like objects and other precious stones prove that the site was the part of mature Harappan culture and also important center of trade during ancient times. More excavations are being carried out by Archeological Survey of India and in near future better picture will emerge from these findings.
Proximity with Hastinapur and Kurukshetra indicates that this district was hub of activities during the Mahabharata era. With exceptions of few findings of Greeco-Roman coins, there is hardly any direct mention of the region for a long period of time. But with strategic location of Muzaffar Nagar, it can be safely presumed that there were a lot of political as well as economic activities here. Rajputs, Tagas And Brahmins dominated the area according to C.H.NEVILLE, I.C.S. in his compilation of Muzaffarnagar Gazetteer. Later Jats replaced the Tagas.
Persian literature has mention of the place during Timur's invasion of India. A large number of Hindus gathered at Bhokar Heri on the banks of river Ganga to resist his armies according to Timur. But unorganized Hindu force were defeated by him in year 1399.
Later on this district was adopted by the SAIYEDS of different clans. During Mughal period this area became a favorite resort of royal nobles of Mughal court and many of them obtained JAGIRS here.
The history of BARHA SAIYEDS is intimately connected with this district. But the derivation of word BARHA is very uncertain. The TIHANPURI SAIYEDS, JAGNERI SAIYEDS ,CHATTAURI family and the Kundliwal family were famous families of Muzaffarnagar. In later part of Mughal era famous SAIYED brothers HASAN and ABDULLA became KING MAKERS. The period of 1707 to 1720 was their prime time. But after fall of SAIYED brothers the political scenario changed and Muzaffarnagar was plundered by SIKHS and other adventurers. Soon the British established themselves in India and 1826 Muzaffarnagar became a revenue district of EAST INDIA COMPANY regime.
During the first struggle for freedom in 1857 a lot of action was in the District. Mohar Singh of Shamli and SAIYED-PATHANS of Thanabhawan fought against the British and captured the Tehsil of Shamli. But later on the British army showed its brutality and recaptured the area. A lot of freedom fighters were done to death by them and this attempt was failed. After that attempts the course of Indian National Movement changed and the Indian National Congress came to the fore. The educated elite took the path of peaceful constitutional methods. On the 6th of April, 1919 a office of Indian National Congers was opened in Muzaffarnagar under the leader ship of Dr.BABU RAM GARG, Mr.UGAR SEN and Mr. KESHAV GUPTA etc. The district became hot bed of freedom struggle and was frequented by national leaders like Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya, Mahatama Gandhi, Motilal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, Pt. G.B.Pant etc. Freedom struggle in Muzaffarnagar was guided by the national movement in India. A lot of police atrocities took place in the district. Many freedom fighters were put in the jail on fabricated charges; but they refused to be cowed down. On May-8 in 1940 SHUGAN CHANDRA MAZDOOR, CHANDER SEN and RAMJI LAL captured the district collector's chambers. The quit India movement of 1942 saw lots of activities in Muzaffarnagar also. Mr. HARDAM SINGH of Bhera Thru made the declaration of Independence. Lot of students of the district went to jails. But their enthusiasm was not weakened. by the police torture. Mr. KESHAV GUPTA"S RESIDENCE was the venue of the flag hoisting ceremony on the day of independence when India had "TRYST WITH DESTINY'.
Pt. SUNDER LAL, LALA HARDAYAL, SHANTI NARAYAN of Khatauli are some of the most famous names of intellectuals who were related to national movement. Apart from them there is an unending list of the persons who sacrificed their lives during the freedom struggle.
Liyakat Ali Khan the first prime Minister of PAKISTAN was from Muzaffarnagar. Thus we have tried to scan through the historical out lines of the district. From the period of HARRAPAN culture to present day Muzaffarnagar has been full of activities and always in the news.
It is mainly an industrial town with sugar, steel and paper being the major products. It boasts of the highest per capita income in the country and the highest in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The Jaggery (heated sugar cane juice) market in Muzaffarnagar is the largest in the world. Muzaffarnagar spent 600 crore on shoes and dress in 2006 (As per report national news paper Dainik Jagran)which again is the highest in India as compared to non metro cities.
Muzaffarnagar town Shamli paid highest LIC premium in India while Muzaffarnagar pays maximum telephonic revenue as a rent in India. The city is situated half way on the Delhi-Dehradun Highway.
The older parts of the city have a Mughal feel to them. Forty percent of the population is Muslim. There is a sizeable Sikh and small Christian population as well. Even though the majority remains Hindu.
The historical towns of Meerut, site of the rebellion of 1857, and Hastinapur are close by. Nearby towns are New Delhi, Dehra Dun, Saharanpur and Mussoorie.
K.R. Qanungo[3] mentions .... Sakkartal or Sukkartal is situated in the confluence of the Solani river and the Ganges at its highest navigable point. Sakkartal (Sukkartal) is now in Muzaffar Nagar District. In the reign of Akbar, the entire district of Muzaffar Nagar belonged to Sarkar of Saharanpur with the exception of pargana kandhla in Delhi Sarkar. At that time present Muzaffar Nagar area was known as Sarvat. In the reign of Shahjahan, Sarvat and Khatauli were bestowed upon Saiyed Muzaffar Khan, in whose honour the town Muzaffar Nagar was founded. In 1824 the district was formed by creating a sub-collectorship at Muzaffar Nagar. In 1826 sub-collectorship was converted into regular district. According to 1838-1840 and 1860-1868 settlements, some villages from Meerut were transferred to Muzaffar Nagar. The Encyclopaedic District Gazetteers of India, central zone (Uttar Pradesh), Vol 6, (Ed. S.C. Bhatt) p. 875; for location of Sarvat see, Irfan Habib, An Atlas of the Mughal Empire, Map (political), 8A.
Najib-ud-daulla was appointed Faujdar of Saharanpur on 21st November 1753. After that he ejected the local zamindars around. At the time of Jawahar Singh's expedition against him in 1765 Sukkartal was in Najib's Jagir. Najib built three forts at Pathargarh (1755) in Najibabad, Sukkartal 17 miles east of Muzaffarnagar and Gausgarh (1765) 22 miles north west of Muzaffarnagar. A small tributary Solani River falls in Ganga at Sukkartal. Thus Sukkartal has Ganga on three sides with torturous ravines; on the fourth side the ground was so uneven that the approach to Najib's defence line was extremely difficult, particularly in rainy season. Due to strategic situation of Sukkartal fort Najib sent his family members there. Marathas also could not defeat him in 1759 because the natural surroundings of Sukkartal enhanced the strength of the fort. Iqbal Husain, The Rise & decline of Ruhela Chieftaincies in 18th Century India, p.96, f.n. 32, p. 216; also Tarikh-i-Shakir Khani, 84 cited by Iqbal.
Jat History
The All India Jat Mahasabha was founded in Muzaffarnagar in western Uttar Pradesh, India in 1907. Its two founder members from Muzaffarnagar were:
- Chaudhary Mamraj Singh, Shamli (Muzaffarnagar),
- Thakur Tej Singh Vahpur (Bulandshahr),
Jat Khaps in Muzaffarnagar district
Jat Khaps in Muzaffarnagar district by gotra and villages in them are[4]:
Jat Gotras in Muzaffarnagar
I thought to study the distribution pattern of Jat Gotras in the Muzaffarnagar district in Uttar Pradesh. There are no ready records or studies as such. So I took the life-membership list of Jat Jagriti Smarika - 2006, Published by Janpad Jat Mahasabha Muzaffarnagar. It gives details of life members’ names, addresses, place of origin, gotra and phone numbers of Jat families living in Muzaffarnagar city.
The two attributes Jat gotra and place of origin were brought on excel file, tabulated and shorted out. There is an interesting result which gives which jat gotra is from which village. This table is available with me and if any member is interested it can be uploaded. The following table is an abstract of the detailed table that gives population of each gotra as a number out of total jat families (263) in the directory arranged in alphabetical order.
The Jat Directory gives details of 263 Jat families who are life members. They are from 60 gotras. The figure after gotra is the count out of 263 from which we can roughly assess comparative population of that gotra in the district. Here is the list:
List of Jat Gotras
Agrohe (1), Ahlawat (7), Badwan (2), Baliyan (32), Beniwal (2), Budiyan (1), Chauhan (5), Chaundiyan (1), Chikara (3), Dabas (1), Dahiya (2), Deshwal (4), Dhaka (1), Dhama (1), Dhariwal (1), Dodwal (1), Phour (1), Godyan , Gulia (3), Jatrana (5), Jawla (1), Kadian (6), Kaliyar (1), Kalkhande (4), Kharab (3), Khatiyan (2), Khokhar (4), Kuhad (2), Kuntal (1), Lal (10), Lathiyan (5), Lohan (3), Maan (1), Madan (1), Malik (29), Mehandiyan (2), Nain (4), Narwal (3), Nehra (1), Nirwal (2), Panwar (17), Pinia (1), Pipania (1), Punia (1), Raghuvanshi (10), Rana (3), Rathi (21), Rohal (1), Rohela (1), Sahrawat (5), Salaru (1), Salkalan (3), Sangwan (1), Saroha (5), Taliyan (1), Tanwar (3), Tarat (2), Tewatia (1), Thakran (3), Tomar (25), Virpal (1), Total 263
Biggest Jat Gotras
On the basis of above analysis the biggest Jat gotras of the district are as under in increasing dicated in bracket:
मोरना, जिला मुजफ्फरनगर
मोरना (AS, p.764) जिला मुजफ्फरनगर, उत्तर प्रदेश में मुजफ्फरनगर- बिजनौर मार्ग पर स्थित प्राचीन ग्राम है. शुक्करताल (जहां परीक्षित ने शुकदेव से भागवत की कथा सुनी थी) यहां से पास ही है. स्थानीय किवदंती के अनुसार मोरना व स्थल है जहां पर परीक्षित को डसने के लिए जाते समय तक्षक नाग की धन्वंतरि से भेंट हुई थी और तक्षक ने धन का लोभ देकर वैद्यराज को परीक्षित का उपचार करने से रोक दिया था. इस स्थान से धनवंतरी को मोड़ दिए जाने पर ही इस ग्राम का नाम 'मोरना' पड़ गया.[5]
इतिहास
हास और राजस्व प्रमाणों के अनुसार दिल्ली के बादशाह, शाहजहाँ, ने सरवट (SARVAT) नाम के परगना को अपने एक सरदार सैयद मुजफ़्फ़र खान को जागीर में दिया था जहाँ पर 1633 में उसने और उसके बाद उसके बेटे मुनव्वर लश्कर खान ने मुजफ़्फ़र नगर नाम का यह शहर बसाया।
इस जनपद का इतिहास बहुत पुराना है । काली नदी के किनारे तहसील सदर के मांडी नाम के गाँव में हड़प्पा कालीन सभ्यता के पुख्ता अवशेष मिले हैं। अधिक जानकारी के लिये भारतीय सर्वेक्षण विभाग ने वहां पर खुदाई भी करवायी थी। सोने की अंगूठी जैसे आभूषण और बहुमूल्य रत्नों का मिलना यह दर्शाता है कि यह स्थान प्राचीन समय में व्यापार का केन्द्र था। महाभारत कालीन हस्तिनापुर और कुरूक्षेत्र नगरों से निकटता इस तथ्य को बल देती है।
किंवदंती है कि कौरवों तथा पांडवों के बीच महाभारत का युद्व ग्राम पचेन्डा में लड़ा गया । युद्व के दोरान दोनों पक्षों की सेना कुरावली तथा पंडावली ग्राम में विश्राम करती थी । शुक्रताल मुजफ्फरनगर जनपद में स्थित एक विश्व प्रसिद्व धार्मिक स्थान माना जाना जाता है ।इस स्थान पर वटवृक्ष के नीचे महर्षि शुकदेव महाराज ने राजा परीक्षत को भागवत कथा सुनाई थी । आज भी उस स्थान पर वह प्राचीन व पवित्र वटवृक्ष स्थित है ।
तैमूर आक्रमण के समय के फारसी इतिहास में भी इस स्थान का वर्णन मिलता है। 1399 में गंगा के किनारे भोकड़ हेड़ी स्थान पर बड़ी संख्या में हिन्दुओं ने तैमूर की सेना का सामना किया था परन्तु सुव्यवस्थित न होने के कारण पराजित हो गये। लम्बे समय तक मुगल आधिपत्य में रहने के बाद ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी ने 1826 में मुज़फ़्फ़र नगर को जिला बना दिया। 1857 के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में शामली के मोहर सिंह और थानाभवन के सैयद-पठानों ने अंगेजों को हरा कर शामली तहसिल पर कब्जा कर लिया था परन्तु अंग्रेजों ने क्रूरता से विद्रोह का दमन कर शामली को वापिस हासिल कर लिया। 6 अप्रैल 1919 को डा0 बाबू राम गर्ग, उगर सेन, केशव गुप्त आदि के नेतृत्व में इण्डियन नेशनल कांगेस का कार्यालय खोला गया और पण्डित मदन मोहन मालवीय, महात्मा गांधी, मोती लाल नेहरू, जवाहर लाल नेहरू, सरोजनी नायडू, सुभाष चन्द्र बोस आदि नेताओं ने समय-समय पर मुज़फ़्फ़र नगर का भ्रमण किया। खतौली के पण्डित सुन्दर लाल, लाला हरदयाल, शान्ति नारायण आदि बुद्धिजीवियों ने स्वतंत्रता आन्दोलन में बढ़-चढ़ कर भाग लिया। 15 अगस्त 1947 को आजादी मिलने पर केशव गुप्त के निवास पर तिरंगा फ़हराने का कार्यक्रम रखा गया।
शहर से छह किलोमीटर दूर सहारनपुर रोड़ पर काली नदी के ऊपर बना बावन दरा पुल, करीब 1512 ईस्वी में शेरशह सूरी ने बनवाया था । शेरशाह सूरी उस समय मुगल सम्राट हुमायूं को पराजित कर दिल्ली की गद्दी पर बैठा था । उसने सेना के लश्कर के आने जाने के लिये सड़क का निर्माण कराया था जो बाद में ग्रांट ट्रंक रोड़ के नाम विख्यात हुई । इसी मार्ग पर बावन दर्रा पुल है । माना जाता है कि इसे इसे उस समय इस प्रकार डिजाईन किया गया था कि यदि काली नदी में भीषण बाढ़ आ जाये तो भी पानी पुल के किनारे पार न कर सके । पुल में कुल मिला कर 52 दर्रे बनाये गये हैं । जर्जर हो जाने के कारण अब इसका प्रयोग नहीं किया जा रहा है । वहलना गांव में शेरशाह सूरी की सेना के पड़ाव के लिये गढ़ी बनायी गई थी । इस गढ़ी का लखौरी ईटों का बना गेट अभी भी मौजूद है ।
ग्राम गढ़ी मुझेड़ा में स्थित सैयद महमूद अली खां की मजार मुगलकाल की कारीगरी की मिसाल है । 400 साल पुरानी मजार और गांव स्थित बाय के कुआं की देखरेख पुरातत्व विभाग करता है। मुगल समा्रट औरगजेब की मौत के बाद दिल्ली की गद्दी पर जब मुगल साम्राज्य की देखरेख करने वाला कोई शासक नहंी बचा तो जानसठ के सैयद बन्धु उस समय नामचीन हस्ती माने जाते थे । उनकी मर्जी के बिना दिल्ली की गद्दी पर कोई शासक नहंी बैठ सकता था । जहांदार शाह तथा मौहम्मद शाह रंगीला को सैयद बंधुओं ने ही दिल्ली का शासक बनाया था । इन्ही सैयद बंधुओं मे से एक का नाम सैयद महमूद खां था । उन्हीं की मजार गा्रम गढ़ीमुझेड़ासादात में स्थित हैं । जिसमें मुगल करीगरी की दिखाई पड़ती है । 400 साल पुरानी उक्त सैयद महमूद अली खां की मजार तथा प्राचीन बाय के कुयेंं के सम्बन्ध में किदवदन्ती है कि दोनो का निर्माण कारीगरों द्वारा एक ही रात में किया गया था ।
जिले के शुक्रताल स्थान पर 5000 वर्ष पुराना वट वृक्ष है । जिसके नीचे बैठकर महर्षि शुकदेव जी ने अपने श्रीमुख से राजा परीक्षित को श्रीमदभागवत की कथा सुनाई थी । वर्तमान में शुकदेव आश्रम में स्थित यह वटवृक्ष लाखों की आस्था का केन्द्र बना हुआ है । देश के बड़े बड़े कथावाचक यहॉ पर आकर श्रीमदभागवत की कथा का आयोजन करने में अपने को धन्य मानते हैं ।
External links
Photo Gallery
-
मुजफ्फरनगर किसान महापंचायत - 5 सितंबर 2021
-
References
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffarnagar
- Jat Jagriti Smarika - 2006, Published by Janpad Jat Mahasabha, Muzaffarnagar
Back to Places