Damoh District Inscriptions

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Compiled and Wikified by:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)
Inscriptions in Damoh District

Sources - 1. Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, Nagpur, 1916, p.49-52 (S.No. 68-76)

2. Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.56-64 (S.No. 96-122)

An inscription is considered to be a very important and reliable source of history because it helps us to understand features like the language, script, social life of a period. Hindoria Sati pillar dated in 1056 AD is the earliest sati pillar inscription in Damoh district. It is to be noted that 1055 AD was the End of rule of Raja Bhoj (Panwar) clan ruler of Dhar in Malwa, Madhya Pradesh.

There are a number of Sati pillars in Damoh district, those at Hata, Hindoria and Batihagarh being well known. Bhiloni, Phutera, Jamata, Kanoda Ryotwari, Kanti, Kaithora, Khamargor, Muhās, Marhiadoh, Narainpura, Piparia Ghanshiam, Raneh, Sunwaho and Sakhor contain more or less illegible inscriptions.

A. Important Inscriptions

(68) Damoh Stone Inscription of Vijayasimha

(Deposited in the Nagpur Museum)

Source - Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, Nagpur, 1916, p.49

[p.49]: This record is in Rajasthani and Sanskrit, the one being a free translation of the other. It recites that one Vijayapala was born in the Visvamitra gotra. He conquered a great hero named Kāī. His son was Bhuvanapala, whose son Harsharaja is stated to have defeated the kings of Kalanjara, Dahali (Dāhal), Gurjara and the Deccan, Harsharaja's son was Vijayasimha, a virtuous man devoted to Bhambhukadeva. He is said to have fought at Chittor, conquered the Delhi armies, scattered the Deccan forces close to Mahāgadh, and driven out the Gurjaras.

The absence of any regal title indicates that the persons named in the record were perhaps commanders of armies who overran a number of countries, including Dahala, the Kalachuris' kingdom, which included Damoh. They left no trace of their raid except this inscription, the language of which points to their home in Rajasthan.

It is possible that they may have been related to the Guhila Princes of Mevad. In that dynasty there was one Vijayasimha who married Syamaladevi, daughter of Udayaditya of Malwa, by whom he had a daughter Alhanadevi who married Gayakarna of Dahala. Unfortunately the stone is broken, so that if there was any date it is lost.

Wiki editor Notes on Damoh Stone Inscription of Vijayasimha:

1. Kāī (काई) : Damoh Stone Inscription of Vijayasimha tells us that Vijayapala conquered a great hero named Kāī. Who was Kai? It is not clear. We find one Kai in genealogy of Barar Jat clan in Punjab. Further research is needed in this matter.

Lepel H. Griffin[1] writes that founder of Barar clan Rao Barar had two sons, Rao Paur and Rao Dhul, the younger of whom is the ancestor of the Raja of Faridkot, and of the Barar tribe, which holds almost the whole of the districts of Mari, Mudki and Muktsar, Buchan, Mehraj, Sultan Khan and Bhadour in the Firozpur district, the whole of Faridkot, and many villages in Pattiala, Nabha, Jhumba and Malod. The two brothers quarreled, and the elder, Rao Paur, being worsted, fell into great poverty, in which his family remained for several generations, till Rao Sanghar restored their fortunes. {Rao Barar → Rao Paur (+ Rao Dhul) → Rao Bairath → Kai → Bao → Rao Sanghar → Bariam (d.1560)}

If we assume 25 years as a period of one generation Kai must have been present around 1485 AD.

2. Bhambhu (भांभू) (Jat clan) → Bhambhukadeva. (68) Damoh Stone Inscription of Vijayasimha mentions that Vijayasimha was a virtuous man devoted to Bhambhukadeva. Vijayasimha is said to have fought at Chittor, conquered the Delhi armies, scattered the Deccan forces close to Mahāgadh, and driven out the Gurjaras. This record is in Rajasthani and Sanskrit. It recites that one Vijayapala was born in the Visvamitra gotra. He conquered a great hero named Kāī. His son was Bhuvanapala, whose son Harsharaja is stated to have defeated the kings of Kalanjara, Dahali (Dāhal), Gurjara and the Deccan, Harsharaja's son was Vijayasimha. (Vijayapala → Bhuvanapala → Harsharaja → Vijayasimha). The absence of any regal title indicates that the persons named in the record were perhaps commanders of armies who overran a number of countries, including Dahala, the Kalachuris' kingdom, which included Damoh. They left no trace of their raid except this inscription, the language of which points to their home in Rajasthan. [2]. Here Bhambhukadeva probably was ancestor of Vijayasimha of the Damoh inscription and was the ruler of Bhambhu Gotra.

3. Mahagarh (महागढ़): Mahagarh is a village in tahsil Manasa of Nimach district in Madhya Pradesh. (68) Damoh Stone Inscription of Vijayasimha tells us that... Vijayasimha is said to have fought at Chittor, conquered the Delhi armies, scattered the Deccan forces close to Mahāgadh, and driven out the Gurjaras.

We know that Damoh had been under Malwa rulers. The Gupta Empire had been weakened by the attacks of the Indo-Hephthalites, known in India as the Hunas, towards the end of the 5th century, which caused it to break up into smaller states. Yasodharman defeated a Huna army in 528, which checked the Huna expansion in India. Twin monolithic pillars at Sondani in Mandsaur District were erected by Yasodharman as a record of his victory. [3]

Three inscriptions of Yasodharman have been found in Mandsaur. One of these is of samvat 589 (532 AD). Yasodharman had acquired the title of Vikramaditya. [4] He started the vikram samvat calendar of Hindus based on Lunar movements. The Kashmiri poet Kalhana has mentioned about three Kalidasas. The second Kalidasa, who wrote the books 'Raguvansha' and 'Jyotirvidabharan', was court poet of Yasodharman. Kalidasa has mentioned the victories of Yasodharman as 'Raghu-digvijaya'. His rule extended from Himalayas in the north to Travancore in south. The ruler of Magadha had become his friend. Chinese traveler Faxian visited India during his rule. [5] The victory of Yasodharman is mentioned in the sentence “Ajay Jarto Hunan” in the grammer of Chandra of the fifth century. This mention in the phrase sentence अजय जर्टो हुणान or “Ajay Jarto Huṇān”, refers to the defeat of Huns by the Jats under the leadership of Yasodharman. [6]

The Bijayagadh Stone Pillar Inscription of Vishnuvardhan shows that Yasodharman, the father of Vishnuvardhana, was a king of Virk gotra. [7]Thakur Deshraj and CV Vaidya have concluded that the inscription of Mandsaur indicate that Yasodharman, the ruler of Malwa, was a Jat king of the Virk gotra ( clan). [8][6]

(69) Singorgadh Stone Inscription 1307 AD

(69) Singorgadh Stone Inscription 1307 AD

Source - Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.49-50

(In situ.)

[p.49]: Singorgadh is a hill fort 28 miles south-east of Damoh. Here on a monolith known as Kirttistambha there is an inscription of 8 lines, dated in the Samvat year 1364 or

[p.50]: A. D. 1307, on the Vijaya Dasami or Dasahara day. In this inscription the hill is called Gaja-Sihgha Durga, named after a Pratihara king Gaja-Singha. General Cunningham thinks that Singorgadh is derived from this name. In another pillar found in the fort an inscription of 21 lines was found, but the date given in it is not legible.

(Cunningham's Archaeological Reports, Volume IX, pages 49 and 50, and Damoh District Gazetteer, page 209.)

Wiki editor Notes:

  • Singhar (सींघड़) (Jat clan) → Singorgarh (सिंगौरगढ़). Singorgarh (सिंगौरगढ़) is a fort located in Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Singorgarh fort is about 45 km from Jabalpur city, on the way to Damoh town. There was civilization here in older times. King Vain Bason/ Vain Basore had built a big and strong fort and the Gawe kings ruled over here for a long time. There is also a lake here, which is full of lotus flowers. This is an ideal picnic spot.[10]
  • Singroha (सिंगरोहा) (Jat clan) → Singorgarh (सिंगौरगढ़). Singorgarh (सिंगौरगढ़) is a fort located in Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Singorgarh fort is about 45 km from Jabalpur city, on the way to Damoh town. There was civilization here in older times. King Vain Bason/ Vain Basore had built a big and strong fort and the Gawe kings ruled over here for a long time. There is also a lake here, which is full of lotus flowers. This is an ideal picnic spot.[11]

(70) Batihagarh stone Inscription of the Vikrama Year 1385 (1328 AD)

(70) Batihagarh stone Inscription of the Vikrama Year 1385 (1328 AD)
(Deposited in the Nagpur Museum)

Source- Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.50

[p.50]: Batihagarh is a village 21 miles north-west of Damoh. The inscription refers itself to Jallala Khoja, a local Muhammadan Governor at Batihadim (the present Batihagarh). It states that Jallala was the representative of Hisamuddin, son of Julachi, who was appointed Commander of the Kharapara armies and Governor of Chedi country by Sultan Mahmud of Yoginipura or Delhi. This Mahmud must be Nasiruddin Mahmud of the Slave dynasty who reigned between 1246 and 1266 A. D. It was in 1251 that he conquered Chanderi and Malava and appointed a Governor there.1 The mention of Kharapara armies gives importance to this record. They are apparently identical with the Kharaparikas of Samudragupta's inscription on the Allahabad pillar. They must have been a powerful tribe to deserve mention by that great Emperor in the 4th Century A.D. The record is dated in the Vikrama year corresponding to 1328 A.D.

Source - Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44 ff. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.

1. Briggs' Firishtā, Volume I, page 232, and Tabakāt-i-Nasīri as quoted in Dowden's Elliott, Volume VI, page 351, and Cunningham's archaeological Reports, Volume II. page 402,

Wiki editor Notes: For details description of this inscription see No.9. Batihagarh stone Inscription Samvat 1385 (1328 AD) given below.

  • Bhojak (भोजक) (Jat clan) → Bhojuka (भोजूक). Bhojuka (भोजूक) is mentioned Verse-12 of No.9. Batihagarh stone Inscription Samvat 1385 (1328 AD)[18] .... (V.12) (Born) in the auspicious family of Shilapatta (शिलापट्ट), the conspicuous architects (were) Bhojuka (भोजूक), Kamadeva (कामदेव), and the wise Hala (हला), who were perfect in (their) work.
  • Dhnoa (धनोवा) (Jat clan) → Dhanau (धनोवा). Dhanau (धनोवा) is mentioned in Verse-11 of No.9. Batihagarh stone Inscription Samvat 1385 (1328 AD)[19] ....(V.11) His servant by name Dhanau (धनोवा) was appointed as manager. (He was) devoted to, his master, valiant, intelligent and a friend of his lord the King.
  • Gomat (गोमत) (Jat clan) → Gomatha (गोमठ). Gomatha (गोमठ) is mentioned in Verse- 8 and 9 of No.9. Batihagarh stone Inscription Samvat 1385 (1328 AD)[20].... (V. 8) The son of Isakaraja (ईसाकराज), was the clever, wise and very heroic Jallala Khoja (जल्लाल खोजा), who considering his stock of religious merit in his mind caused to be made the place known by the name of Gomatha (गोमठ).....(V. 9) This auspicious Gomatha (गोमठ) was caused to be made in the beautiful town of Batihadim (बटिहाड़िम). (It is) a shelter to all beings like another Kailasa.
  • Hala (हाला) (Jat clan) → Hala (हला). Hala (हला) is mentioned Verse-12 of No.9. Batihagarh stone Inscription Samvat 1385 (1328 AD)[21] .... (V.12) (Born) in the auspicious family of Shilapatta (शिलापट्ट), the conspicuous architects (were) Bhojuka (भोजूक), Kamadeva (कामदेव), and the wise Hala (हला), who were perfect in (their) work.
  • Kharap (खरप)/Kharab (खरब) (Jat clan) = Kharapara (खरपर). Kharapara (खरपर) is mentioned in Batihagarh stone Inscription of the Vikrama Year 1385 (1328 AD)[29] states that Jallala was the representative of Hisamuddin, son of Julachi, who was appointed Commander of the Kharapara armies and Governor of Chedi country by Sultan Mahmud of Yoginipura or Delhi. This Mahmud must be Nasiruddin Mahmud of the Slave dynasty who reigned between 1246 and 1266 A.D. It was in 1251 that he conquered Chanderi and Malava and appointed a Governor there.[30] The mention of Kharapara armies gives importance to this record. They are apparently identical with the Kharaparikas of Samudragupta's inscription on the Allahabad pillar. They must have been a powerful tribe to deserve mention by that great Emperor in the 4th Century A.D. The record is dated in the Vikrama year corresponding to 1328 A.D. [31] 1328 A.D. is the year when The Mongols invade India. Batiagadh (बटियागढ़) is an ancient historical town and tahsil in Damoh District of Madhya Pradesh. It is site of many Sati pillar and other important inscriptions.
  • Shaka (शक) (Jat clan) - Shakendra (शकेन्द्र). Shakendra (शकेन्द्र) is mentioned in Verse-3 of No.9. Batihagarh stone Inscription Samvat 1385 (1328 AD)[34].... (V.3) In the Kali (age) there was a King, the Shaka-Lord (शकेन्द्र), the ruler of the earth, who having established himself in Yoginipura (योगिनीपुर) (Delhi) ruled the whole earth.

No.9. Batihagarh stone Inscription Samvat 1385 (1328 AD)

Source - Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44-46. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.

By Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, B.A., M.R.A.S., Nagpur.

[p.44]: This stone inscription is at present lying in the compound of the Deputy Commissioner’s bungalow at Damoh, the headquarters of the district of the same name in the Central Provinces and situated on the Indian Midland Railway, 127 miles from Jabalpur, the direct distance by road being 66 miles. The stone was originally brought from Batihagarh, a village 21 miles north-west of Damoh and included in the Hatta tahsil. Batihagarh was once the seat of Musalman governors sent from Delhi and there are ruins of a fort and other remains of its past greatness including inscriptions both in Sanskrit and in Persian.

The one I edit is engraved on a slab 1'11" X 1'6" and is in a good state of preservation. The language is Sanskrit written in Nagari characters, the average size of letters being 1/2". The writing covers a space of 1' 7" x 1'. The whole record is in verse except the word Siddhih at the commencement and subham bhavatu at the end, together with the details of the date repeated in figures in line 14. There are altogether 15 verses in the 16 lines which the inscription contains.

The only noticeable orthographical peculiarities are the indifferent use of s for ś as in line 7 where śastra and -śāstra - are written sastra- and -sāstra- respectively, and the employment of sh to do duty for kh in some places, for instance in line 8, where Khoja (खोजा) is written Shoja (षोजा), and in line 14 where we find Vaiśākha- as Vaisasha-. This is however quite in keeping with the Bundelkhandi practice, which is even now followed by writers of the old school, who always express their kh by sh. In this inscription kh has also been expressed by its ordinary symbol, as in - khamdam of the first line and lilekha of the last. The letter i appears in its antiquated form in line 8. Note also the use of the akshara va with a dot underneath in order to denote va as distinguished from ba in bhauva-, 1.1. This is quite in accordance with the ordinary Bundelkhandi practice, but does not occur in other places in the inscription.

The inscription records that a local Muhammadan ruler Jallala Khoja (जल्लाल खोजा), son of Isaka (ईसाक), caused a Gomatha (गोमठ) to be made in the town of Batihadim (बटिहाडिम), as also a garden and a stepwell. Jallala, i.e., Jalal-ud-din is stated to have been appointed as his representative by Hiśamadim (Hisam-ud-din) also called Chhipaka (छिपक), probably a corruption of Śafiq, son of Malik Julachi, who was made commander of the Kharpara (खर्पर) armies and governor of the Chedi country by Sultan Mahmud. This Mahmud is described as Śakendra (शकेन्द्र) or lord of the Śakas (शक), ruling from Yoginipura (योगिनीपुर) after having conquered other kings. The inscription further states that Jallala appointed his servant Dhanau as manager of the institutions named above, the principal architects whereof were Bhojuka (भोजूक), Kamadeva (कामदेव), and Hala (हला) of the Shilapatta1 (शिलापट्ट) family. The composer of the inscription was the Kayastha Baijuka (बैजूक) of the Mathura (माथुर) sub-division, and the writer another Mathura named Vasu, son of Sahadeva.

The date is given in the 13th verse as Wednesday, the 3rd day of the bright fortnight of the Vaisakha month in the Vikrama year 1385. The year is expressed by symbolical words, and to make it clear, the substance of the verse is repeated in prose immediately after wards, the year and the tithi being given in figures. The date regularly corresponds to Wednesday, the 13th April 1328 A.D.2

1 Shilapatta (शिलापट्ट) is now known as the Silawat caste, who are masons and found in the neighbourhood of Damoh.

2. As calculated by Mr. Gokul Prasad Ishvaradas, Tahsildar of Dhamtari. He remarks that the year in this case must be taken as Ashadhadi or Karttikadi. If it is taken as Chaitradi the current Samvat would be 1386, and it would have to be supposed that the year given in the inscription was the expired year 1385. But as there is nothing in this inscription leading to this conclusion, the probability is that the year was Karttikadi, taking consideration the locality where the inscription was found.

[p.45]: There can be little doubt that Mahmud of Yoginipura (another name of Delhi) was no other than the Turk Nasir-ud-din Mahmud of the Slave dynasty who reigned between 1246 and 1266 A.D. Mahmud subdued the Bundelkhand country, or, more correctly Chanderi and Malwa in 1251 A.D., over which he appointed a governor. 1

This governor, whose name does not appear to be mentioned in the Persian histories, was apparently Malik Julachi. Between the conquest of Mahmud and the record of our inscription there is an interval of 77 years, spread over 3 governors, the Malik, his son Hisam-ud-din, and Jalal-ud-din, giving a fair normal average duration of administration for each. It is well known that these Musalman conquests in this part of the Country were not permanent, but in A.D. 1321 we find Tughlaq Shah despatching his son with the troops of Chanderi, Badaun and Malwa against Telingana,2 only 7 years before our inscription was engraved. It is therefore evident that the Musalmans had a hold over the country at the time, at least there can be no doubt that the Damoh district was under a Musalman governor. This is however only of local interest. But what makes the inscription very interesting, is the mention of the Kharpara armies, the Chedi country and the title of Mahmud as Shakendra. I think that the Kharparas of our inscription are identical with the Kharparikas mentioned in Samudragupta’s stone pillar inscription of Allahabad.3 They are there mentioned amongst the tribes conquered by this great monarch in the 4th century of the Christian era. They must have been a war-like people and must have offered not a little resistance to have deserved notice. Mr. V.A. Smith4 a decade ago stated that the Kharparikas may have occupied Seoni or Mandla district of the Central Provinces. How very near the mark this surmise was, is evident from the present inscription. Seoni and Mandla are not very far away from Damoh which was apparently garrisoned by the Kharpara armies in the 13th century. That Damoh was included in the Chedi country, is another inference which may be drawn from this record and which goes to support in a way Justice Pargiter's localisation5 of the Chedi country. Some have held that Chanderi, if it is not a corruption of Chedi, was at least in the centre of that ancient country, and it is to Chanderi that Mahmud sent his forces in 1251, and there he left a governor, who in our inscription is designated as Chedideshahipa (चेदिदेशाधिप). Lastly the title Shakendra of this monarch may be noted. The word shaka here as in several other instances6, means Musalman.

The geographical names mentioned in the inscriptions are Yoginipura, Chedi and Batihadim, all of which have been incidentally identified above.

Yoginipura mentioned in Chand Bardai’s Prithviraja Raso7 as Jugginipura, is an old name of Delhi.

Chedi is the well-known classical name of the country with the rulers of which the history of the northern and eastern portions of the Central Provinces was associated for many centuries. It was in this country that Batihadim, the present Batihagarh, was included. Batihadim in the local dialect means a heap of a collection of cow-dung cakes, and the name seems to have changed its dim to garh when a fort was later on built there. A step-well still exists there containing a fragmentary Persian inscription which informs us that it was constructed in the time of Jalal Isahaka or Jaial-ud-din, who killed Usman and became Naib with the title of Akhta, in the reign of the just and pious monarch to whom the whole of Hindustan paid respect and by whose sword the whole of Turkistan was subdued. This well may be identical with the one referred to in our inscription, but there are two other old ones, one of which, called chaurasi baoli, is situated

1 See Brigg’s Ferishta, Volume I, p 239, and Tahakat-i-Nasiri as quoted in Dawson-Elliott, Volume II p. 351.

2 See Cunningham’s Reports, Volume II, p. 402.

3 Gupta Inscriptions, p. 18.

4 Journal, Royal Asiatic Society, 1897, p. 893.

5 Journal, Bengal Asiatic Society, 1895, p. 249 ff.

6 Compare Ep. Ind., Vol. II, p. 409; Ind. Ant., Vol. XXXVI, p, 352 ; XXXVII, p. 42, and above, p.18

7- See Nagari Pracharini Sabha Edition, Vol. I, p. 112.

[p.46]: in the midst of a big grove of mangoes, gvavas, lemons, etc. This may be the udyana alluded to in our inscription, and it would be natural to suppose that the step-well of our inscription was made in this grove, unless it existed before the grove was planted. The identification of the step-well is further complicated by the fact that the local people say that the inscription was removed from a third well called Bhauhare-ki baoli, which is believed to be connected by a tunnel with the Sas Baku-ki baoli containing the Persian inscription referred to above.

Translation

(L.1) Hail Success !

(Verse.1) In the beginning (there was) no Brahma, nor Vishnu nor earth, water or sky, not any part of the universe, inhabitants of the heavens, beings belonging to the earth, nor Nagas. There were no planets nor the seven Rishis, and there was no group of lunar mansions. There were no moon and sun, no fire. The wind did not blow, and there was no death and no life. There was then only one self-born, the lord of cosmic age of (all) the three periods. Let that creator of the world protect you.

(V.2) I bow down to the creator of all the worlds, to him whose power is subservient to his wish, who is unlimited, who has no beginning and no end, and who is destitute of quality and colour.

(V.3) In the Kali (age) there was a King, the Shaka-Lord (शकेन्द्र), the ruler of the earth, who having established himself in Yoginipura (योगिनीपुर) (Delhi) ruled the whole earth.

(V.4) He subjugated the kings up to all the Seas. May this hero by name Mahmud Sultan enjoy happiness.

(V.5) Ordered by him the Malik (मलिक) famous by the name of Julachi became the warrior (commander) of the Kharpara (खर्पर) armies and the governor of the Chedi country.

(V.6) May his son Chhipaka (छिपक) known in the world by the name Hiśāmuddin, (who is) a great warrior possessing valour, enjoy happiness.

(V.7) In all his affairs this lord made Jallala (जल्लाल) (his representative), knowing him to be well versed in the art of arms and always devoted to his master’s work.

(V. 8) The son of Isakaraja (ईसाकराज), was the clever, wise and very heroic Jallala Khoja (जल्लाल खोजा), who considering his stock of religious merit in his mind caused to be made the place known by the name of Gomatha (गोमठ).

(V. 9) This auspicious Gomatha (गोमठ) was caused to be made in the beautiful town of Batihadim (बटिहाड़िम). (It is) a shelter to all beings like another Kailasa.

( V.10 ) O Jallala! protector of the earth, how should your merit intent on protection be praised, by whom a place where the load of calamities of learned persons is always crushed out, a garden like Nandana and a well (with water) resembling the disc of the spotless moon and showering nectar of virtue were established in the town called Batihadim.

(V.11) His servant by name Dhanau was appointed as manager. (He was) devoted to, his master, valiant, intelligent and a friend of his lord the King.

(V.12) (Born) in the auspicious family of Shilapatta (शिलापट्ट), the conspicuous architects (were) Bhojuka (भोजूक), Kamadeva (कामदेव), and the wise Hala (हला), who were perfect in (their) work.

(V.13) In the Vikrama year measured (marked) by the arrows (5), eight, the fires (3) and the moon (1) on the 3rd of the bright fortnight of Vaisakha on a Wednesday (this was engraved).

(L.14) Samvat 1385, Vaisakha sudi 3 on a Wednesday.

(V. 14) The well behaved Baijuka (बैजूक) Kayastha of the Mathura (माथुर) family composed (this) eulogy for the delight of the minds of the wise.

(V. 15) He who was always the foremost among traders the clever Mathura scribe Vasu (वासू) son of Sahadeva, wrote (this) in clear letters,

(L. 16) Let good fortune attend.

(71) Batihagarh Persian stone Inscription 1324 AD

(71) Batihagarh Persian stone Inscription 1324 AD
(Deposited in the Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow.)

Source- Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.51

[p.51]: It records the foundation of a palace (?) in the reign of Ghiyāsuddin-ud-duniyā in the year 725 A. H. (A. D. 1324). If the date is correct, this man must have been the Tughalak king who reigned between 1320 and 1325 A. D. But if this Ghiyasuddin is identical with that of the Damoh Inscription No. 72, the Hijri year will have to be corrected. It is, however, possible that both may have ruled Damoh in their own times.

(72) Damoh Persian Inscription of 1480 AD

(72) Damoh Persian Inscription of 1480 AD
(Deposited at the Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.51

[p.51]: This inscription is said to have been fixed to the western gate of the Damoh fort which has now altogether disappeared. It records that the breastwork opposite the western gate of the fort at Damoh was built by Ghiyas-ud-duniya in the year 885 on the 24th of Shawwal, corresponding to 1480 A. D. The record refers to the Malava king Ghiyasuddin (called in the inscription Ghiyas-ud-duniya) who ruled between 1475 and 1500 A.D.

(Cunningham's Archaological Reports, Volume XXI, pages 168-9.)

(73) Bangaon Sati Inscription 1328 AD

(73) Bangaon Sati Inscription 1328 AD
(In situ.)

Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.51

[p.51]: Bangaon is 13 miles from Damoh. The inscription mentions Vannigaon (Bangaon) as the village of Hasamuddin who was the local Governor during the reign of Muhammad

[p.52]:Moizuddin. It is dated in the Vikrama year 1385 (wrongly engraved as 3285), as the writer Baijuka is apparently the same Baijuka who wrote the Batihagarh inscription in Samvat 1385. (See No. 70.)

From the same inscription it appears that Baijuka lived when Hasamuddin was Governor.

Wiki editor Notes:

(74) Kundalpur Stone Inscription 1700 AD

(74) Kundalpur Stone Inscription 1700 AD
(In situ.)

Source - Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar,p.52

[p.52]: Kundalpur is 20 miles north-east of Damoh. It has a number of Jaina temples, in one of which, dedicated to Vardhamana, there is an inscription of 24 lines put up during the reign of Maharajadhiraja Sri Chhatra Sala (the well-known Bundela Chief of Panna). It is dated in Samvat 1757, Magha badi 15 Somavasare, corresponding to Monday the 31st December 1700 A.D. In the 4th line the name of Sri Vardhamana and in the 8th line Jina mārga and Jina dharma occur. On another small temple a date is given as Thursday, Paush Sudi 2 of Samvat 1501, but that date fell on a Friday1 and not on Thursday.

(Cunningham's Archaeological Reports, Volume XXI; pages 166-167.)

1. General Cunningham worked it out as Saturday.

Wiki editor Notes:

(75) Batihagarh undated stone Inscription 1328 AD

(75) Batihagarh undated stone Inscription 1328 AD
(Deposited in Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar,p.52

[p.52]: The inscription records the construction of a garden and well at Khalchipur during the times of Jallala. It is undated, but must have been written after Samvat 1385 (A.D. 1328), as a number of verses have been copied from the Batihagarh inscription of that date.

Wiki editor Notes

B. Unimportant, Incomplete or Illegible Inscriptions.

(76) Damoh Sati Inscriptions, (Hindoria) of 1056 AD

(76) Damoh Sati Inscriptions

Source - Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar,p.53

There are a number of Sati pillars in this district, those at Hata, Hindoria and Batihagarh being well known. One of them at Hindoria is dated in 1056 AD, Bhiloni, Phutera, Jamata, Kanoda Ryotwari, Kanti, Kaithora, Khamargor, Muhās, Marhiadoh, Narainpura, Piparia Ghanshiam, Raneh, Sunwaho and Sakhor contain more or less illegible inscriptions.

(96) Jatashankara Inscription of Vijayasimha

(Deposited in the Nagpur Museum)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.55

[p.55]: Jatashankara is a fort 8 miles from Hata, the head quarters of the tahsil in which it is situated. The record found there is in Rajasthani and Sanskrit, the one being a free translation of the other. It recites that one Vijayapala was born in the Vishvamitra gotra. He conquered a great hero named Kāī (काई). His son was Bhuvanapala, whose son Harsharaja is stated to have defeated the kings of Kalanjara, Dahali (Dāhal), Gurjara and the Deccan. Harsharaja's son was Vijayasimha, a virtuous man devoted to Bhumbhukadeva. He is said to have fought at Chittor, conquered the Delhi armies, scattered the Deccan forces close to Mahāgadh, and driven out the Gurjaras.

The absence of any regal title indicates that the persons named in the record were perhaps commanders of armies who overran a number of countries, including Dahala, the Kalachuris' kingdom, which included Damoh.

In this district, they vanquished a hero named Kāī (काई), who was apparently in charge of the Jatashankara Fort. He has left his name in Kaikheda (काईखेड़ा), a small village 3 miles away from the Fort. The conquerors left no trace of their raid except this inscription, the language of which points to their home in Rajasthan.

It is possible that they may have been related to the Guhila Princes of Mevad. In that dynasty there was one Vijayasimha who married Syamaladevi, daughter of Udayaditya of Malwa, by whom he had a daughter Alhanadevi who married Gayakarna of Dahala. Unfortunately the stone is broken, so that if there was any date it is lost.

(Hira Lal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, pages 11 and 12; Nagari Pracharini Patrika, Benaras, Vol.VI, page 5ff)

Wiki editor Notes:

1. Jat (जाट) → Jatashankara (जटाशंकर). Jatashankara is a fort 8 miles from Hata in Damoh district. It is find place of the (96) Jatashankara Inscription of Vijayasimha.[41]

2. Kāī (काई) : (96) Jatashankara Inscription of Vijayasimha[42] tells us that Vijayapala conquered a great hero named Kāī. Who was Kai? It is not clear. We find one Kai in genealogy of Barar Jat clan in Punjab. {Rao Barar → Rao Paur (+ Rao Dhul) → Rao Bairath → Kai → Bao → Rao Sanghar → Bariam (d.1560)} Further research is needed in this matter.

Lepel H. Griffin[43] writes that founder of Barar clan Rao Barar had two sons, Rao Paur and Rao Dhul, the younger of whom is the ancestor of the Raja of Faridkot, and of the Barar tribe, which holds almost the whole of the districts of Mari, Mudki and Muktsar, Buchan, Mehraj, Sultan Khan and Bhadour in the Firozpur district, the whole of Faridkot, and many villages in Pattiala, Nabha, Jhumba and Malod. The two brothers quarreled, and the elder, Rao Paur, being worsted, fell into great poverty, in which his family remained for several generations, till Rao Sanghar restored their fortunes. {Rao Barar → Rao Paur (+ Rao Dhul) → Rao Bairath → Kai → Bao → Rao Sanghar → Bariam (d.1560)}

If we assume 25 years as a period of one generation Kai must have been present around 1485 AD.

3. Bhambhu (भांभू) (Jat clan) → Bhumbhukadeva. Bhumbhukadeva is mentioned in (96) Jatashankara Inscription of Vijayasimha[44], which tells us that Vijayasimha was a virtuous man devoted to Bhambhukadeva. Vijayasimha is said to have fought at Chittor, conquered the Delhi armies, scattered the Deccan forces close to Mahāgadh, and driven out the Gurjaras. This record is in Rajasthani and Sanskrit. It recites that one Vijayapala was born in the Visvamitra gotra. He conquered a great hero named Kāī. His son was Bhuvanapala, whose son Harsharaja is stated to have defeated the kings of Kalanjara, Dahali (Dāhal), Gurjara and the Deccan, Harsharaja's son was Vijayasimha. (Vijayapala → Bhuvanapala → Harsharaja → Vijayasimha). The absence of any regal title indicates that the persons named in the record were perhaps commanders of armies who overran a number of countries, including Dahala, the Kalachuris' kingdom, which included Damoh. They left no trace of their raid except this inscription, the language of which points to their home in Rajasthan. [45]. Here Bhambhukadeva probably was ancestor of Vijayasimha of the Damoh inscription and was the ruler of Bhambhu Gotra.

4. Mahagarh (महागढ़): Mahagarh is a village in tahsil Manasa of Nimach district in Madhya Pradesh. (68) Damoh Stone Inscription of Vijayasimha tells us that... Vijayasimha is said to have fought at Chittor, conquered the Delhi armies, scattered the Deccan forces close to Mahāgadh, and driven out the Gurjaras.

We know that Damoh had been under Malwa rulers. The Gupta Empire had been weakened by the attacks of the Indo-Hephthalites, known in India as the Hunas, towards the end of the 5th century, which caused it to break up into smaller states. Yasodharman defeated a Huna army in 528, which checked the Huna expansion in India. Twin monolithic pillars at Sondani in Mandsaur District were erected by Yasodharman as a record of his victory. [46]

Three inscriptions of Yasodharman have been found in Mandsaur. One of these is of samvat 589 (532 AD). Yasodharman had acquired the title of Vikramaditya. [47] He started the vikram samvat calendar of Hindus based on Lunar movements. The Kashmiri poet Kalhana has mentioned about three Kalidasas. The second Kalidasa, who wrote the books 'Raguvansha' and 'Jyotirvidabharan', was court poet of Yasodharman. Kalidasa has mentioned the victories of Yasodharman as 'Raghu-digvijaya'. His rule extended from Himalayas in the north to Travancore in south. The ruler of Magadha had become his friend. Chinese traveler Faxian visited India during his rule. [48] The victory of Yasodharman is mentioned in the sentence “Ajay Jarto Hunan” in the grammer of Chandra of the fifth century. This mention in the phrase sentence अजय जर्टो हुणान or “Ajay Jarto Huṇān”, refers to the defeat of Huns by the Jats under the leadership of Yasodharman. [6]

The Bijayagadh Stone Pillar Inscription of Vishnuvardhan shows that Yasodharman, the father of Vishnuvardhana, was a king of Virk gotra. [49]Thakur Deshraj and CV Vaidya have concluded that the inscription of Mandsaur indicate that Yasodharman, the ruler of Malwa, was a Jat king of the Virk gotra ( clan). [50][6]

(97) Singorgadh Pillar Inscriptions AD 1300, 1306, 1307, 1309

(In situ.)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.55-56

[p.55]: Singorgadh is a hill fort 28 miles south-east of Damoh. Here on a monolith known as Kirttistambha there was an inscription of 8 lines, dated in the Samvat year 1364 or [p.56]: A. D. 1307, on the Vijaya Dasami or Dasahara day. In this inscription the hill is called Gaja-Sihgha Durga, named after a Pratihara king Gaja-Singha. General Cunningham thougt that Singorgadh was derived from this name. In another pillar found in the fort an inscription of 21 lines was found, but the date given in it is not legible.

Three Sati stones however still exist here dated samvat 1357 (1300 AD), 1363 (1306 AD) and 1366 (1309 AD), one of which (the first) repeats the name of the fort as Gajasingha Durga. They all mention the ruling Prince as Maharaja Kumara Shri Vaghadeva.

(Cunningham's Archaeological Reports, Volume IX, pages 49 and 50; Russell's Damoh District Gazetteer, page 200 and Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka Second Edition, page 112)

(98) Piparia Memorial Pillars 1141 AD

(98) Piparia Memorial Pillars

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.56

[p.56]: Piparia is a deserted village a mile from Fatahpur, which is 27 miles from Hata. It appears that a battle was fought there and memorials were raised on the spot where the warriors fell. There are five pillars depicting the scene of fight, two of which are dated. Both record the date as Friday, the 11th of the dark fortnight of Ashvina in samvat 1198 , corresponding to the Friday 29th August 1141 AD, when King Mahamandalika Ranaka Jayatsimha (राणक जयत्सिंह) fought with prince Hemasimha (हेमसिंह). Jayatsimha is shown as pursuing the enemy. He has killed a prince, who is lying on the ground while Maharajaputra Gopaladeva is after prince Ranashaila(रणशैल). Another prince Damodara rides a huge horse named Simhamani (सिंहमणि) and is chasing four princes, who are running away. One is down on the ground.

(Hira Lal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, pages 11,93,94)

(99) Ishvaramau (Hindoria) Inscription 1287 AD

(99) Isvaramau (Hindoria) Inscription 1287 AD
(Deposited in the Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,pp.56-57

[p.56]:Ishvaramau (ईश्वरमऊ), now a deserted quarter of Hindoria, is 11 miles from Damoh. The stone inscription found there refers to the reign of Bhojavaramadeva of Kalanjara under whom the prince Vaghadeva was ruling. It is dated in samvat 1344 , Vaishakh sudi 3, Thursday, [p.57]: regularly corresponding to the 17th April 1287 AD on which date a gift was made.

(100) Bamhni Sati Inscription of 1308 AD

(100) Bamhni Sati Inscription of 1308 AD
(Deposited in the Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)
(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,pp.57

[p.57]: Bamhni is 21 miles from Hata. It contains a very important Sati record in which the name of the king Hammiravarma of Kalinjara is mentioned as a sovereign lord of the ruling prince Vaghadeva in samvat 1365 or 1308 AD. Until this was found the last king of the Chandela Dynasty was Bhojavarmadeva ruling in 1287 AD.

(Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XVI, p.10, footnote-4, Proceedings of the 4th Indian Oriental Conference held at Allahabad, Vol.I and Hira Lal's Damoh Dipaka, pp.95,96

Wiki Editor notes:

(101) Salaiya Sati Inscription of 1304 AD

(101) Salaiya Sati Inscription of 1304 AD
(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,pp.57

[p.57]: Salaiya Khurd is a Govt Forest village, 17 miles from Damoh. It has two sati records one of which dated in samvat 1362 or 1304 AD mentions Vaghadeva as ruling the country, while the second dated in samvat 1366 or 1309 AD gives the name of Allauddin as the sovereign lord. 3 miles away at Bamhani (see no.100) there is another record of 1308 AD mentioning Vaghadeva as the ruler. Thus we come to the conclusion that Parihara rule in Damoh came to an end in 1309 AD and Musalmans took there place.

(Epigraphia Indica, Vol.XVI, page 10 and 11 footnote-2

(102) Chopada Pati Inscriptions of of 1256, 1497 AD

(102) Chopada Pati Inscriptions of 1256, 1497 AD
(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,pp.57-58

[p.57]: Chopada Pati (चोपड़ा पटी) also known as Chandi Chopada is 20 miles from Damoh. There is a temple here in which a big idol has on its pedestal an inscription of none lines dated in what appears to be samvat 1313 (=1256 AD) during the reign of Narsimhadeva (नरसिंहदेव). On a wall of this temple there is another record dated in samvat 1554 (1497 AD) mentioning the name of Sultan Gayas Shah, [p.58]: of Mandogadh (Mandu) and mentioning Damanakanagara (दमनकनगर ) Mukte (Jagir) which appears to be the old name of Damoh.

(Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, page 79)

Wiki editor Note:

(103) Batihagarh stone Inscription of the Vikrama Year 1385 (1328 AD)

(Deposited in the Nagpur Museum)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.58

Same as No.70 above

(104) Batihagarh Mutilated stone Inscription

(Deposited in Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.58-59

[p.58]: This is a big sanskrit inscription broken on all sides, so that there is a no single line intact. It contains three or four shlokas which are exactly the same as in No.103. It mentions Sultan Mahmud, his commander Julachi and a local governor, whose name is not clear. But his agent Jallala's name does occur as in No. 103. The recor is dated samvat 1300 and some odd. The

[p.59]: date is given twice, once in line 5 and the second time in line 16. The object of the record seems to be a religious gift, but it is too much broken to show its definite nature.

(105) Batihagarh Garden Inscription of 1328 AD

(Deposited in Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.59

[p.59]:This stone refers to the planting of a garden like the one at Khalachipur planted by the same person. He was the commander of the Kharapara armies in the Chedi Country. His son's name was Malik Fatahkhan. The record is undated, but it must have been written after samvat 1385 (=1328 AD), as it contains at least three verses which were copied from an inscription of that date (No.103).

(106) Batihagarh Persian Inscription of 1324 AD

(Deposited in Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.59

[p.59]: It stone records the foundation of a palace (?) in the reign of Ghiyāsuddin-ud-duniyā in the year 725 A. H. (A. D. 1324). This was a Tughalak king who reigned between 1320 and 1325 A. D.

(Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, page 13)

(107) Rond Sati Inscription of 1326 AD

(In Situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.59

[p.59]: Rond (रोण्ड) is 19 miles from Damoh. The Sati Pillar here is dated in samvat 1383 (1326 AD) and refers to the reign of Mahmud Shah Tughlaq, who had ascended the throne at Delhi a year before.

(Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, page 104)

Wiki editor Note:

(108) Damoh Persian Inscription of 1480 AD

(Deposited at the Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.59-60

Same as No. 72 above
(Cunningham's Archeological Reports, Volume XXI, pages 168-9 and Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, pages 14 et.seq)

(109) Batihagarh Inscription of Mahmud Shah Khilji of 1463 AD

(Deposited in Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.60

[p.60]: This record is dated in samvat 1520, Chaitra Sudi 3 Mangaladine, which roughly corresponds to Tuesday 22nd March 1463 AD, and mentions Maharajadhiraja Sultan Mahmud Shah Khilchi of Mandogadh (Mandu) and Khilachipur (present Khiljipur near Rajgarh in Central India). It casually mentions Chanderi also.

(110) Damoh Hindi Inscription of Mahmud Shah Khilji II of 1512 AD

(Deposited in Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.60

[p.60]: This is a stone inscription found in Damoh. It refers itself to the reign of Sultan Mahmud Shah, son of Nadir Shah, and is dated in the vikram samvat 1570 or 1512 AD. The King was the last of the Khiljis in Malwa.The record is a proclamation of remission of certain fees levied in the town of Damoh, which is mentioned as Damauanagara (दमौवनगर) and was apparently issued from Khalachipura (present Khiljipur 180 miles from Damoh.

(Epigraphica India, Vol. XV, pages 291 ff)

(111) Kundalpur Temple Inscriptions of 1700, 1445 AD

(In Situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.60-61

[p.60]: Kundalpur is 20 miles north-east of Damoh. It has a number of Jaina temples, in one of which, dedicated to Vardhamana, there is an inscription of 24 lines put up [p.61]: during the reign of Maharajadhiraja Sri Chhatra Sala (the well-known Bundela Chief of Panna). It records that a Jaina Brahmachari named Nemichandra repaired the temple at Mandaratila with the proceeds of his begging in Samvat 1757, Magha badi 15 Somavasare, corresponding to Monday the 31st December 1700 A.D. It shows that old name of Kundalpur was Mandara-tila (मन्दर-टीला) which literally means a hillock with a temple. On another small temple a date is given as Thursday, Paush Sudi 2 of Samvat 1501 (= 1445 AD), but that date fell on a Friday and not on Thursday.

(Cunningham's Archaeological Reports, Volume XXI; pages 166-167; and Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, page 77)

(112) Tharraka Sati Inscriptions of 1513 AD

(In Situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.61

[p.61]: Tharraka (ठर्रका) is a deserted village, 15 miles from Damoh near the village Nayagaon. It contains five Sati pillars reoffering to the Gond regime. One is dated in samvat 1570 (1513 AD) during the reign of Amhandasadeva (आम्हणदासदेव) surname Sangram Sahi (संग्राम साही), the greatest king of the Gond dynasty. It mentions Tharraka (ठर्रका) as included in Shrigadha Gauri Vishaye Durge (श्रीगढ़ गौरी विषये दुर्गे), which furnishes a clue to the real derivation of Singoragadha fort from Shrigauri-gadha (श्रीगौरी-गढ़), fancifully derived by Cunningham from Gajasimha Durga, a name which appears to have been imposed by a Parihara Raja Gajasmha, but the old name asserted itself when the Parihara rule vanished. The second Sati stone is dated in samvat 1571 (=1514 AD), in which the name of the ruling king is given as Amanadasa (अमानदास). Two others are dated in samvat 17-7 and 1736 (=1679 AD), in the reign of Gond King Chhattra Sahi. The fifth is illegible.

(Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, page 81)

Wiki Editor Note:

  • Gauri (Jat clan) (गौरी) → Shrigauri-gadha (श्रीगौरी-गढ़). Shrigauri-gadha (श्रीगौरी-गढ़) is the origin of the name Singoragadha. (112) Tharraka Sati Inscriptions of 1513 AD[54] contains five Sati pillars reoffering to the Gond regime. One is dated in samvat 1570 (1513 AD) during the reign of Amhandasadeva (आम्हणदासदेव) surname Sangram Sahi (संग्राम साही), the greatest king of the Gond dynasty. It mentions Tharraka (ठर्रका) as included in Shrigadha Gauri Vishaye Durge (श्रीगढ़ गौरी विषये दुर्गे), which furnishes a clue to the real derivation of Singoragadha fort from Shrigauri-gadha (श्रीगौरी-गढ़), fancifully derived by Cunningham from Gajasimha Durga, a name which appears to have been imposed by a Parihara Raja Gajasmha, but the old name asserted itself when the Parihara rule vanished. We kno that Gauri (गौरी) is a gotra of Jats[55], name of Parvati, name of a River in Mahabharata. Gauri (गौरी) is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi.
  • Tharua (ठरऊआ) (Jat clan) → Tharraka (ठर्रका). Tharraka (ठर्रका) is a deserted village, 15 miles from Damoh near the village Nayagaon, in Jabera tahsil in Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh. It is find place of an important inscription - (112) Tharraka Sati Inscriptions of 1513 AD.[56]. This inscription helps to derive the Origin of name of Singorgarh from Shrigauri-gadha (श्रीगौरी-गढ़). The theory of origin of name Singorgarh from Gajasimhadurga by Alexander Cunningham and other archaeologists has been proved wrong by (112) Tharraka Sati Inscriptions of 1513 AD. Tharraka (ठर्रका) contains five Sati pillars reoffering to the Gond regime. One is dated in samvat 1570 (1513 AD) during the reign of Amhandasadeva (आम्हणदासदेव) surname Sangram Sahi (संग्राम साही), the greatest king of the Gond dynasty. It mentions Tharraka (ठर्रका) as included in Shrigadha Gauri Vishaye Durge (श्रीगढ़ गौरी विषये दुर्गे), which furnishes a clue to the real derivation of Singoragadha fort from Shrigauri-gadha (श्रीगौरी-गढ़), fancifully derived by Cunningham from Gajasimha Durga, a name which appears to have been imposed by a Parihara Raja Gajasmha, but the old name asserted itself when the Parihara rule vanished. [57]

(113) Other Sati Inscriptions

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.61-62

[p.61]: Damoh district also contains a very large number of Sati pillars, most of which are dated and mention the ruling kings, which are very useful in elucidating the history of the district. The more important ones have been noticed separately under section A. Others exist in Bangaon (बनगाँव), Banwar (बनवार), Batiagarh (बटियागढ़), Bhiloni (भिलोनी), Bandakpur (बांदकपुर), Chilghat (चीलघाट), Deogaon (देवगाँव), Hata (हटा), Hindoria (हिंडोरिया), Jamata (जामटा), Jhadoli (झडोली), Kanoda (कनोड़ा), Kanti (कांटी), (p.62), Kaithora (कैथोरा), Khamargaur (खमरगौर), Lukayan (लुकायन), Lakhroni (लखरोनी), Muhas (मुहास), Madhiadoh (मढ़ियादोह), Phutera (फुटेरा), Patna (पटना), Panari Mahant (पनारी महंत), Narsinghgarh (नरसिंहगढ़), Narainpura (नरायणपुरा), Pipariya Ghanshyam (पिपरिया घनश्याम), Puranakhera (पुराना खेड़ा), Raneh (रनेह), Sunwaho (सुनवाहो), Satsuma (सतसूमा), Sakaur (सकुर), Sailwara (सैलवाड़ा), Sitanagar (सीतानगर),

These belong to various periods and mention names of various kings and emperors notably almost all the Khilji kings of Malwa and Delhi emperors of more than one dynasty.

(114) Brahma Yajna Memorial of 1286 AD

(Deposited in Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow at Damoh)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.62

[p.62]: This record on a stone containing 13 lines speaks of a Brahma Yajna (religious sacrifice) which must have been performed on a grand scale. The record is dated on Friday, the third of the bright fortnight of Vaishakha in samvat 1344, corresponding to Friday, the 29th March 1286 AD. This Vaishakha was intercalary. The names of the performers of the sacrifice are illegible.

(115) Kanoda Bari Warrior Memorials of 1285,1303 AD

(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.62

[p.62]: At Kanoda Bari 14 miles from Hata there are three stones with fighting pictures dated in samvat 1342, 1350 (=1285,1303 AD) with names of warriors inscribed on them.

(116) Jatashankara Hindi Inscription 1857 AD

(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.62

[p.62]: At Jatashankara a Hindi verse in Savaiya Chhanda praises Shiva while a Doha invokes blessings on Bakhatesha, apparently same as Bakhatabali Raja of Shahgarh in the Sougar district, who was exiled for having taken part in the mutiny of 1857 AD.

Wiki editor Notes

  • Jat (जट) → Jatashankara. (116) Jatashankara Hindi Inscription 1857 AD.[58]...mentions that at Jatashankara a Hindi verse in Savaiya Chhanda praises Shiva while a Doha invokes blessings on Bakhatesha, apparently same as Bakhatabali Raja of Shahgarh in the Sougar district, who was exiled for having taken part in the mutiny of 1857 AD.

(117) Isvaramau (Hindoria) Magaradhvaja

(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.62

[p.62]: Under the statue of Chandi, the name of that ubiquitous Jogi Magaradhvaja, with the unvarying number 700 against his name, is inscribed, indicating that Ishvaramau was a place of some importance to have had a visit from the holy personage in the 12th century AD.

(Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, page 119)

(118) Sun River Slab of 1302 AD

(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932, p.63

[p.63]: On the bank of Sun River near Rond there is a stone dated in 1302 AD with the figure of a horseman named Baiju, who is described as Vaghadeva's Dagi (दागी), a term which seems to have been used for some military officer. It is possible that in course of time it gave its name to the occupational caste, now known as Dangi (दांगी), with a military swagger about them found in this part of the country as did Paik (soldier) and Joshi (astrologer) etc to other castes following those professions.

Wiki editor Notes

  • Dangi (दांगी) (Jat clan) → Dangi (दांगी). Dangi (दांगी) is mentioned in (118) Sun River Slab of 1302 AD.[59] which reveals that On the bank of Sun River near Rond there is a stone dated in 1302 AD with the figure of a horseman named Baiju, who is described as Vaghadeva's Dagi (दागी), a term which seems to have been used for some military officer. It is possible that in course of time it gave its name to the occupational caste, now known as Dangi (दांगी), with a military swagger about them found in this part of the country.

(119) Sakaur Pilgrim Record of 1304 AD

(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932, p.63

[p.63]: Sakaur is a village 9 miles from Hata. It has a flat roofed Gupta Temple, on the roof stone of which there is a pilgrim record of much later date samvat 1361 (=1304 AD). In this village many Gupta gold coins were found.

(Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, page 107,108)

(120) Kanoda Bari Temple Inscription

(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932, p.63

[p.63]: In a medieval Shiva Temple at Kanoda Bari the name of a Sadhu is inscribed on the pedastal of an idol.

(121) Muhas Inscription

(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932, p.63

[p.63]: On a stone at Muhas 26 miles from Hata there is a single name inscribed in Kutila characters.

(122) Well Inscriptions: Sangrampur (1678 AD), Patharia (1661 AD),

(In situ)

Source - Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932, p.63-64

[p.63]: Near Singorgarh there is a village named Sangrampur 33 miles from Damoh. It has a step-well (Bihar or Baoli) in which an inscription states that it was built in samvat 1735 (=1678 AD) during the reign of Bundela [p.64]: King Chhatrasala. The Patharia baoli built in samvat 1718 (=1661 AD) mentions the expenses as 20 seers (40 lbs) of silver coins in weight, while that at Lakhroni mentions the exact number of coins with a witness to testify to it. The Garwaho (गरवाहो) well invokes Shrikrishna to prevent absorption or drying up of its waters and to keep it full. These records though not much of historical value are interesting from other points of view.

See also

References

  1. ↑ The Rajas of the Punjab by Lepel H. Griffin/The History of the Patiala State,pp.4-5
  2. ↑ Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.49
  3. ↑ Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 147-148
  4. ↑ Kalhana: Rajatarangini
  5. ↑ Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd edition 1992 (Page 712)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 CV Vaidya, History of Medieval Hindu India
  7. ↑ Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 254.
  8. ↑ Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd edition 1992 (Page 707)
  9. ↑ The Rajas of the Punjab by Lepel H. Griffin/The History of the Patiala State,pp.4-5
  10. ↑ https://damoh.nic.in/en/places-of-interest/
  11. ↑ https://damoh.nic.in/en/places-of-interest/
  12. ↑ Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.50
  13. ↑ Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.50
  14. ↑ Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.51
  15. ↑ Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar,p.52
  16. ↑ Prof. B.S. Dhillon: History and study of the Jats/Chapter 10, p.120
  17. ↑ A glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province By H.A. Rose Vol II/B, p.69
  18. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44-46. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.
  19. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44-46. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.
  20. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44-46. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.
  21. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44-46. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.
  22. ↑ Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.50
  23. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. ख-8
  24. ↑ Dr Ompal Singh Tugania: Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu, p.34, sn-511.
  25. ↑ Jat History Thakur Deshraj/Chapter IX,p.695
  26. ↑ A glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province By H.A. Rose Vol II/K,p.538
  27. ↑ An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan By H. W. Bellew, p.18,28,57,83,85,88,101,106,111,115,117,120,123,158
  28. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44-46. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.
  29. ↑ Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.50
  30. ↑ Briggs' Firishtā, Volume I, page 232, and Tabakāt-i-Nasīri as quoted in Dowden's Elliott, Volume VI, page 351, and Cunningham's archaeological Reports, Volume II. page 402,
  31. ↑ (Epigraphia Indica, Volume XII, page 44 ff.)
  32. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44-46. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.
  33. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44-46. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.
  34. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volume XII, 1913-14, p. 44-46. Ed by Sten Konow, Published by Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1982.
  35. ↑ Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.51
  36. ↑ Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.51
  37. ↑ Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar,p.52
  38. ↑ Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar,p.52
  39. ↑ Sant Kanha Ram: Shri Veer Tejaji Ka Itihas Evam Jiwan Charitra (Shodh Granth), Published by Veer Tejaji Shodh Sansthan Sursura, Ajmer, 2015. p.158
  40. ↑ Hira Lal: Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar,p.52
  41. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.55
  42. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.55
  43. ↑ The Rajas of the Punjab by Lepel H. Griffin/The History of the Patiala State,pp.4-5
  44. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.55
  45. ↑ Hira Lal:Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the Central provinces and Berar, p.49
  46. ↑ Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 147-148
  47. ↑ Kalhana: Rajatarangini
  48. ↑ Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd edition 1992 (Page 712)
  49. ↑ Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 254.
  50. ↑ Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd edition 1992 (Page 707)
  51. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,pp.57
  52. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,pp.57-58
  53. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.59
  54. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.61
  55. ↑ डॉ पेमाराम:राजस्थान के जाटों का इतिहास, 2010, पृ.299
  56. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.61
  57. ↑ Hiralal's Damoh Dipaka, 2nd edition, page 81
  58. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932,p.62
  59. ↑ Inscriptions in the Central Provinces and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Nagpur, 1932, p.63
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