Haryana
Haryana (Hindi: हरयाणा, हरियाणा, Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ) is a state in north India. It was carved out of the state of Punjab in 1966. It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and Rajasthan to the west and south. Eastern border to Uttaranchal & Uttar Pradesh is defined by river Yamuna. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of Haryana is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab. The cities near Delhi, particularly Gurgaon and Faridabad are emerging as major hubs for the information technology industry. There is also an established steel and textile industry. Haryana is also home to Maruti Udyog Limited, India's largest automobile manufacturer, and Hero Honda Limited, the world's largest manufacturer of two-wheelers.
देसाँ मोँ देस हरियाणा, जित दूध दही का खाना । Haryana is primarily an agrarian state. The name itself means 'Har ka Desh' or the land of Lord Shiva, though some interpret it as 'land covered with greenery'. It is known for its wheat and milk production. In addition to the river Yamuna, seasonal rivers such as the Ghaggar, Markanda, and Tangri pass through the state. Numerous irrigation canals that cross the state, bringing water for irrigation from the perennial rivers of the Himalayas. The land is generally flat, covered with loamy soil and very suitable for agriculture. The southwestern area of the state is drier and sandier. There are some hilly areas, which form part of Siwalik Hills in the north-east and Aravalli Hills in the south. The climate is continental, with extremes of heat in summer. Monsoon winds bring adequate rainfall between July and September.
Haryana has been the hub of social, cultural and religious activity in India, even before the time of Vedic Civilization. Given its unique geography, the state of Haryana was witness to the invasions of the Muslim rulers, battles of the Marathas and the Sikhs. Hindu saints, Buddhist monks and Sikh gurus have traversed Haryana, spreading their messages of universal love and brotherhood. The population of Haryana, according to the 2001 census, is 2,10,83,000, with 1,13,28,000 males and 97,55,000 females. The population density is 477 people/sq km.
Religion has always provided the main basis for the structure of the Haryana society. In ancient times, Aryan people followed the Vedic religion. Later on Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Sikhism influenced the people. Swami Dayanand's teachings greatly impressed the people and the Arya Samaj has a large following among Hindus of Haryana. In present day Haryana, Hindus are about 90% of the population, Sikhs 6.2%, Muslims 4.05% and Christians 0.10%. Hindus are divided into a number of castes like Jats, Brahmins, Ahirs, Gujars, Aggarwals, Arora Khatris, Sainis, Rajputs and Rors. Among them all, the Jats occupy a pre-eminent position in Haryana, being the largest group in the state. The artisan castes such as Telis (oil traders), Sunars (goldsmith), Lohars (blacksmiths), dhobis (launderers) and Nais (barbers) are found throughout the state, especially in villages.
Jats in Haryana
The Jats are spread throughout Haryana. After 1931 the census data are not recorded on caste basis. So the exact population of Jats can not be given. According to an estimate Jats constitute 22 per cent of the State population — the largest single community in Haryana.[1] As per this norm the population of Jats comes out to be 4638000. Harijans constitute about one fifth of the population. The Muslims in the state are mostly Meos and are concentrated in the Mewat region. There are three categories of Muslims in Haryana. The Asharf or Sharaf (noble) form the higher caste, the Ajlaf (base or mean) is the middle with Arzal (lowest of all) coming at the end. There are Muslim Rajputs as well as converted Muslims. The Sikhs generally live in Ambala, Kurukshetra and Karnal districts. Sikhs too have their own castes like Jat Sikhs, Aroras etc.
More than 70% of the population is depended on agriculture for their livelihood. The people speak several similar sounding dialects of Hindi. The most important dialect being 'Bangaru'. The people of Haryana are generally speaking taller, stronger and healthier than the average Indian due to hard work and the inclusion of lots of dairy products in their diet. The main languages spoken by the people are Haryanavi, Hindi, Panjabi, Urdu and English. Sanskrit is now taught in schools till the 8th class.
List of Jat Gotras in Haryana
A: Agre, Ahlawat, Antal, Asiagh, Aulakh, B: Badhran/Budhrain/Budhrayan, Bajya, Balhara, Balyan/Baliyan, Bedian, Beniwal, Bhaado/Bhadu/Bhatoo, Bhama, Bhankar, Bhanwala, Bhar, Bhati, Bhayan, Bhidhan, Bhooker/Bhuker, Bhoria, Bhyan, Binner, Birhman, Budania, Budhwar, Bura/Boora, C: Chahar, Chauhan, D: Dabas, Dagur, Dahiya, Dalal, Dattasulia, Deol, Deshwal, Dhall, Dhandhi, Dhanger, Dhariwal, Dhillon, Dhonchak, Dhuwan/Dhawan/Dhuan, Dorwal, Dookya/Dhukiya/Daukiya, Dudi, F: Farswal/Pharsawal, G: Gahlot/Gehlot/Gehlaut, Gawaria, Gehlawat/Gahlawat, Ghalyan, Ghangus/Ghanghas, Godara, Goyat, Gulia, H: Hari, Hooda, J: Jaglan, Jakhar, Joon, K: kadyan/kadian/kadiyan, Kajla, Kakodia, Kalhar/Kalher/Kaler, Kaliraman/Kaliramna/Kaleramne, Kalkal, Kandhol/Kandhola, Karwasra, Khaladiya, Kharb, Khasa, Khatkar, Khatri, Khunga, Kiliraya, Kookana/Kukana, Kulhari, L: Lathar Laboria, Lakhlan, Lamba, Lathwal, Lohach, Lohchab, Loura, Luhach, M: Maan, Machhra, Mahla, Malik, Mandhan, Munda, N: Naidu, Nain, Nashier, Nehra, O: Ohlan, P: Pahal/Pahil, Parswal/Poras/Porous, Pawaria/Pawadia, Phogat, Phour/Phore, Punia, R: Rahar/Rar/Rad, Raparya/Raparia/Roparia, Rathi, Ravish, Redhu/Redu, S: Sahran/Saharan/Saran, Sangwan, Saroha, Sehrawat, Sheoran/Sheorayan/Shivrain, Shokeen, Siddhu, Sihmar, Sindhu, Siwach, Solath, Surah, T: Tada, Taxak, Tewatia/Teotia, Thalor/Thalod, V: Vaire, Vanar, Vijayrania,
Famous Jats from Haryana
- Bhim Singh Dahiya
- Bhupinder Singh Hooda
- Captain Devinder Singh Ahlawat Maha Vir Chakra
- Chaudhary Bansi Lal
- Chaudhary Dal Singh
- Chaudhary Devi Lal
- Choudhary Birender Singh Rathee
- Choudhary Karan Singh Lohchab
- Choudhary Ranbir Singh Hooda
- Dr Hari Singh Lohchab
- Havildar (Hony. Captain) Fateh Singh Maha Vir Chakra
- Harveer Gulia
- Lance Naik Hari Singh Maha Vir Chakra
- Lt. Colonel Dharam Singh Maha Vir Chakra
- Lt General Khem Karan Singh Maha Vir Chakra
- Mahendra Chaudhary
- Major General Swarup Singh Kalaan Maha Vir Chakra
- Maj Hoshiar Singh (Param Vir Charkra)
- Major M. S. Chaudhary Maha Vir Chakra
- Mallika Sehrawat
- Mohit Ahlawat
- Mohan Singh Lohchab
- Naik Shishpal Singh Maha Vir Chakra
- Om Prakash Chautala
- Pravin Dabas
- Raja Nahar Singh - Ballabhgarh
- Ram Swarup Joon
- Randeep Hooda
- Sepoy Man Singh Maha Vir Chakra
- Seth Chhajju Ram
- Sir Chhotu Ram
- Subedar Randhir Singh
- Sunil Maan
- Swami Omanand Sarswati
- Vivek Lohchab
- Yash Tonk
- Mahavir lathar
- Kuljeet sheoran
- Naresh Kadyan - Animal Rights Activist.
Jat History in Haryana
- Hansi
- Harshavardhana
- Hodal
- Jhajjar
- Jhojhu Kalan
- Jind
- Haryana Sarv Khap Panchayat
- Kaithal
- Kurukshetra
Martyrs of Kargil war from Haryana
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References
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